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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theory of signal and noise performance of superconducting quantum interferometers with two quantization loops (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 4783-4794 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The superconducting quantum interferometer with two quantization loops, the so-called double SQUID, or D-SQUID, is a modification of the well-known rf SQUID. The modification consists of a replacement of the one junction of the rf SQUID by a superconducting loop with two Josephson junctions. This device can be used to transform the weak magnetic flux applied to the loop with junctions to a voltage across the tank circuit inductively coupled to the other loop. As has previously been shown in experiments [G. S. Krivoy and H. Koch, J. Appl. Phys. 74, 2925 (1993)], D-SQUIDs have an extremely large output signal swing up to 1 mV and a transfer function of several mV/(h/2e). In this paper, a D-SQUID theory using a numerical and an analytical approach is developed. The theoretical results are compared with the above-mentioned experiments. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.359556
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The current–voltage characteristics of the resistive direct current superconducting quantum interference device (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 2010-2020 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Partly resistive superconducting quantum interference devices (RSQUIDs) are used in noise thermometry in the liquid helium temperature range. Here we analyze one type of RSQUID that has not been thoroughly investigated until now: the direct current biased with two Josephson junctions and a resistive part connected in series with the junctions and closed by a superconducting ring. The resistive shunted model of the Josephson junctions is used for the analysis. Two cases of the RSQUID ring inductance were analyzed: (i) negligibly small and (ii) small but finite inductance. The expressions for the low frequency output signal, the current–voltage (I–V) characteristics, and the current flowing through the resistive part are obtained. In the dependence of the output frequency versus the dc current passed through the resistive part often an offset is observed experimentally. This phenomenon can be explained as an influence of an asymmetry in the critical currents of the junctions. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.364057
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theory for the multiloop dc superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer and experimental verification (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 4088-4098 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A theoretical analysis of the multiloop dc superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer fabricated from low-Tc (transition temperature) or high-Tc materials is presented. Using simple analytic formulas, the essential parameters of a multiloop magnetometer can be estimated: the effective area A, the effective SQUID inductance L, the transfer function VΦ, and the flux density noise (square root of)SB. The theoretical predictions are compared with experimental results of seven different low-Tc versions and good agreement is found. Based on the analytical description, a high-Tc magnetometer design with a 7 mm pickup coil and 16 parallel loops giving a sufficiently small SQUID inductance L(approximately-equal-to)145 pH is presented. At T=77 K a voltage swing 2δV(approximately-equal-to)8 μV and a white noise (square root of)SB(approximately-equal-to)8 fT/(square root of)Hz are predicted assuming a critical current I0=20 μA and a normal resistance R=2 Ω per junction and a damping resistance Rd=R across the SQUID inductance. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.359607
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low noise YBa2Cu3O7−x SQUID magnetometers operated with additional positive feedback (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 1856-1858 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Three magnetometers based on dc superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) fabricated from YBa2Cu3O7−x have been operated in a magnetically shielded room using a flux-locked loop involving additional positive feedback with bias current reversal. Two of these devices, integrated multiloop dc SQUIDs with outer diameters of 7 mm, achieved white noise levels of 10 fT/(square root of)Hz for bicrystal junctions and 30 fT/(square root of)Hz for step-edge junctions. The third magnetometer involved a flux transformer with a 10×10 mm2 pickup coil connected to a 16-turn input coil which was inductively coupled to a bicrystal SQUID. This device achieved a white noise of 16.2 fT/(square root of)Hz. High quality magnetocardiograms were obtained without signal averaging. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.116036
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A 5-MHz bandwidth SQUID magnetometer with additional positive feedback (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 3008-3015 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A fast SQUID (superconducting quantum interference device) magnetometer system using the latest multiloop magnetometer W7A with additional positive feedback has been built. A 3-dB bandwidth of 5 MHz has been achieved in a simple direct-coupled flux-locked loop. The feedback range is ±620 Φ0 or ±290 nT, the white-noise level 3.4×10−6 Φ0/(square root of)Hz or 1.6 fT/(square root of)Hz, and the 1/ f corner frequency (approximately-equal-to)7 Hz. Above 1 MHz the noise level increases slightly, approximately with (square root of)SΦ ∝f1/6. At high signal frequencies a slew rate of about 8×105 Φ0/s has been measured. Below the pole frequency of the second integrator (480 kHz) the slew rate increases with decreasing frequency, having a maximum of 3×107 Φ0/s at 7.6 kHz. The total harmonic distortion (THD) decreases strongly with the signal amplitude below the slew rate limit. For a sinusoidal signal with half the maximum amplitude, the THD is (approximately-equal-to)4% at 1 MHz, (approximately-equal-to)0.04% at 100 kHz, and (approximately-equal-to)2.7 ppm (1 ppm=10−6) at 10 kHz. Below about 2 kHz the THD becomes almost frequency independent and lies between 0.4 and 7 ppm for signal amplitudes between 2.5 and 620 Φ0. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145587
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Integrated high-Tc multiloop magnetometer (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 1418-1420 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Two integrated, thin-film multiloop magnetometers (fractional turn SQUIDs) have been fabricated using a YBa2Cu3O7−x-SrTiO3-YBa2Cu3O7−x multilayer process. The magnetometers have 16 parallel loops, an outer diameter of 7 mm and effective areas of 1.84 and 1.89 mm2, respectively. The magnetic field noise of the better device, measured in a YBCO tube at 77 K with a bias reversal scheme, was 37 fT Hz−1/2 at 1 Hz and 18 fT Hz−1/2 at 1 kHz. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.113220
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Integrated YBa2Cu3O7−x magnetometer for biomagnetic measurements (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 1421-1423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An integrated dc superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer has been fabricated using a YBa2Cu3O7−x–SrTiO3–YBa2Cu3O7−x multilayer process. The magnetometer consists of a 8.3 mm×8.6 mm pickup coil coupled inductively to a small washer-type SQUID with 9 Ω bicrystal junctions via an integrated 101/2-turn input coil. Using simple direct-coupled read-out electronics with additional positive feedback, a noise level of 9.7 fT/(square root of)Hz at 1 kHz and 53 fT/(square root of)Hz at 1 Hz was measured inside a magnetically shielded room. Due to the low noise level biomagnetic heart and brain signals with high quality and the very weak signals of the peripheral nerve system were recorded. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.116100
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Association between monoamine oxidase A activity in human male skin fibroblasts and genotype of the MAOA promoter-associated variable number tandem repeat (1999)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 105 (1999), S. 542-551 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Among fifteen male skin fibroblast cultures from eleven donors ranging in age from less than 1 year to 90 years old, the specific activity of monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) differed 515-fold. Each culture had one of the two most common alleles (three or four 30-bp repeats) at the variable number tandem repeat locus positioned 1.2 kb upstream from MAOA exon 1 (uVNTR). The mean MAO-A activity in cultures with three uVNTR repeats was significantly lower than that in cultures with four repeats (1.6±1.1 and 13±12 nmol/h per milligram, respectively; P=0.032). MAO-A expression was confined to a cell sub-population varying from 0.5% to 90% of cells in different cultures. The mean specific activity in MAO-A+ cells (whole culture specific activity divided by the proportion of immunopositive cells) was lower for cultures with three repeats than for those with four (7.2±3.1 and 23.9±9.5 nmol/h per milligram protein, respectively; P=0.0013), with no overlap in activity between genotypes. Finding lower MAO-A activity in cultures with three uVNTR repeats compared to those with four is consistent with published evidence that MAO-A promoter constructs bearing three repeats have lower transcriptional activity in transfected neuroblastoma and choriocarcinoma cells. The uVNTR genotype may be a common genetic determinant of significant individual differences in oxidizing capacity for critical MAO-A substrates, which include serotonin, norepinephrine, and tyramine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004399900183
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Concept of bridging studies and ethical concerns (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 50 (1996), S. 245-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Bridging studies ; Ethical concerns; psychopharmacological research ; psychiatric patients ; Germany
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050101
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of the antihypertensive efficacy and safety of felodipine IV and nifedipine IV in patients with hypertensive crisis or emergency not responding to oral nifedipine (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 54 (1998), S. 295-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Hypertensive crisis ; Nifedipine ; Felodipine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: A clinical definition of a hypertensive emergency is excessively high blood pressure in the presence of symptoms indicating end organ damage. Equally high blood pressure without symptoms is called a hypertensive crisis. Patients with hypertensive crisis or emergency need prompt, effective, and specific therapy and a controlled reduction of blood pressure. Methods: We performed a randomized, double-blind multi-centre study, to compare the safety, efficacy and tolerability of an intravenous (IV) infusion of two dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (either nifedipine or felodipine) in 122 patients, of whom 63 were diagnosed as hypertensive emergencies and 59 as hypertensive crisis, who had not reacted adequately (diastolic blood pressure 〈115 mmHg) to 5 mg of nifedipine PO. Results: Both drugs lowered blood pressure adequately in more than 90% of the patients and were well tolerated. Only one patient had to be withdrawn, because of an excessive decrease in blood pressure. Conclusion: Patients with excessively high blood pressure who do not react to oral nifedipine can be treated equally effectively with felodipine and nifedipine IV. Felodipine is easier to handle because of its lack of light sensitivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050462
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