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  • 1
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    Parameter-free determination of the exchange constant in thin films using magnonic patterning (2016)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-08
    Description: An all-electrical method is presented to determine the exchange constant of magnetic thin films using ferromagnetic resonance. For films of 20 nm thickness and below, the determination of the exchange constant A , a fundamental magnetic quantity, is anything but straightforward. Among others, the most common methods are based on the characterization of perpendicular standing spin-waves. These approaches are however challenging, due to (i) very high energies and (ii) rather small intensities in this thickness regime. In the presented approach, surface patterning is applied to a permalloy (Ni 80 Fe 20 ) film and a Co 2 Fe 0.4 Mn 0.6 Si Heusler compound. Acting as a magnonic crystal, such structures enable the coupling of backward volume spin-waves to the uniform mode. Subsequent ferromagnetic resonance measurements give access to the spin-wave spectra free of unquantifiable parameters and, thus, to the exchange constant A with high accuracy.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 2
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    Role of the central cations in the mechanical unfolding of DNA and RNA G-quadruplexes (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-29
    Description: Cations are known to mediate diverse interactions in nucleic acids duplexes but they are critical in the arrangement of four-stranded structures. Here, we use all-atom molecular dynamics simulations with explicit solvent to analyse the mechanical unfolding of representative intramolecular G-quadruplex structures: a parallel, a hybrid and an antiparallel DNA and a parallel RNA, in the presence of stabilising cations. We confirm the stability of these conformations in the presence of $\rm {K}^+$ central ions and observe distortions from the tetrad topology in their absence. Force-induced unfolding dynamics is then investigated. We show that the unfolding events in the force-extension curves are concomitant to the loss of coordination between the central ions and the guanines of the G-quadruplex. We found lower ruptures forces for the parallel configuration with respect to the antiparallel one, while the behaviour of the force pattern of the parallel RNA appears similar to the parallel DNA. We anticipate that our results will be essential to interpret the fine structure rupture profiles in stretching assays at high resolution and will shed light on the mechanochemical activity of G-quadruplex-binding machinery.
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    Instabilities of spin torque driven auto-oscillations of a ferromagnetic disk magnetized in plane (2016)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-17
    Description: Author(s): D. Mancilla-Almonacid and R. E. Arias The stability of the magnetization auto-oscillations of the ferromagnetic free layer of a cylindrical nanopillar structure is studied theoretically using a classical Hamiltonian formalism for weakly interacting nonlinear waves, in a weakly dissipative system. The free layer corresponds to a very thi… [Phys. Rev. B 93, 224416] Published Thu Jun 16, 2016
    Keywords: Magnetism
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 4
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    Spin wave eigenmodes in transversely magnetized thin film ferromagnetic wires (2015)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-09-24
    Description: Author(s): Zheng Duan, Ilya N. Krivorotov, Rodrigo E. Arias, Nathalie Reckers, Sven Stienen, and Jürgen Lindner We report experimental and theoretical studies of spin wave eigenmodes in transversely magnetized thin film Permalloy wires. Using broadband ferromagnetic resonance technique, we measure the spectrum of spin wave eigenmodes in individual wires as a function of magnetic field and wire width. Comparis… [Phys. Rev. B 92, 104424] Published Mon Sep 21, 2015
    Keywords: Magnetism
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 5
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    Entropy and modular Hamiltonian for a free chiral scalar in two intervals (2018)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2018-12-18
    Description: Author(s): Raúl E. Arias, Horacio Casini, Marina Huerta, and Diego Pontello We calculate the analytic form of the vacuum modular Hamiltonian for a two interval region and the algebra of a current j ( x ) = ∂ ϕ ( x ) corresponding to a chiral free scalar ϕ in d = 2 . We also compute explicitly the mutual information between the intervals. This model shows a failure of Haag duality for t... [Phys. Rev. D 98, 125008] Published Mon Dec 17, 2018
    Keywords: Formal aspects of field theory, field theory in curved space
    Print ISSN: 0556-2821
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-4918
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 6
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    Water, Vol. 11, Pages 618: Assessing Climate Change Impacts on River Flows in the Tonle Sap Lake Basin, Cambodia (2019)
    MDPI
    In: Water
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: The Tonle Sap is the most fertile and diverse freshwater ecosystem in Southeast Asia, receiving nurturing water flows from the Mekong and its immediate basin. In addition to rapid development in the Tonle Sap basin, climate change may threaten natural flow patterns that sustain its diversity. The impacts of climate change on river flows in 11 sub-basins contributing to the Tonle Sap Lake were assessed using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model to quantify the potential magnitude of future hydrological alterations. Projected river flows from three General Circulation Models (GFDL-CM3, GISS-E2-R-CC and IPSL-CM5A-MR) for three time horizons (2030s, 2060s and 2090s) indicate a likely decrease in both the wet and dry season flows. The mean annual projected flow reductions range from 9 to 29%, 10 to 35% and 7 to 41% for the 2030s, 2060s and 2090s projections, respectively. Moreover, a decrease in extreme river flows (Q5 and Q95) was also found, which implies there could be a decline in flood magnitudes and an increase in drought occurrences throughout the basin. The results of this study provide insight for water resources planning and adaptation strategies for the river ecosystems during the dry season, when water flows are projected to decrease.
    Electronic ISSN: 2073-4441
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by MDPI
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  • 7
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    Body size, reef area and temperature predict global reef‐fish species richness across spatial scales (2019)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract Aim To investigate biotic and abiotic correlates of reef‐fish species richness across multiple spatial scales. Location Tropical reefs around the globe, including 485 sites in 109 sub‐provinces spread across 14 biogeographic provinces. Time period Present. Major taxa studied 2,523 species of reef fish. Methods We compiled a database encompassing 13,050 visual transects. We used hierarchical linear Bayesian models to investigate whether fish body size, reef area, isolation, temperature, and anthropogenic impacts correlate with reef‐fish species richness at each spatial scale (i.e., sites, sub‐provinces, provinces). Richness was estimated using coverage‐based rarefaction. We also tested whether species packing (i.e., transect‐level species richness/m2) is correlated with province‐level richness. Results Body size had the strongest effect on species richness across all three spatial scales. Reef area and temperature were both positively correlated with richness at all spatial scales. At the site scale only, richness decreased with reef isolation. Species richness was not correlated with proxies of human impacts. Species packing was correlated with species richness at the province level following a sub‐linear power function. Province‐level differences in species richness were also mirrored by patterns of body size distribution at the site scale. Species‐rich provinces exhibited heterogeneous assemblages of small‐bodied species with small range sizes, whereas species‐poor provinces encompassed homogeneous assemblages composed by larger species with greater dispersal capacity. Main conclusions Our findings suggest that body size distribution, reef area and temperature are major predictors of species richness and accumulation across scales, consistent with recent theories linking home range to species–area relationships as well as metabolic effects on speciation rates. Based on our results, we hypothesize that in less diverse areas, species are larger and likely more dispersive, leading to larger range sizes and less turnover between sites. Our results indicate that changes in province‐level (i.e., regional) richness should leave a tractable fingerprint in local assemblages, and that detailed studies on local‐scale assemblage composition may be informative of responses occurring at larger scales.
    Print ISSN: 1466-822X
    Electronic ISSN: 1466-8238
    Topics: Biology , Geography
    Published by Wiley
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  • 8
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    HYDROLOGICAL ALTERATIONS FROM WATER INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT IN THE MEKONG FLOODPLAINS (2016)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-30
    Description: The Mekong floodplains, which encompasses the region from Kratie Township in Central Cambodia to the Vietnamese East Sea, is a region of globally renown agricultural productivity and biodiversity. The construction of 135 dams across the Mekong basin and the development of delta-based flood prevention systems have caused public concern given possible threats on the stability of agricultural and ecological systems in the floodplains. Mekong dams store water upstream and regulate flow seasonality, while in situ flood prevention systems re-distribute water retention capacity in the floodplains. The main aim of this paper is to evaluate possible impacts of the recent development of both hydropower dams and flood prevention systems on hydrological regimes in the Mekong floodplains. An analysis of measured daily and hourly water level data for key stations in the Mekong floodplains from Kratie to the river mouth in Vietnam was conducted. Hydropower dam information was obtained from the hydropower database managed by the Mekong River Commission, and the MODIS satellite imagery was used to detect changes in flooding extent related to the operation of flood prevention systems in the Vietnam Mekong Delta. Results indicate that the upper part of the floodplains, the Cambodian floodplains, may buffer upstream dam impacts to the Vietnam Mekong Delta. Flood prevention up to date has had the greatest effect on the natural hydrological regime of the Mekong floodplains, evidenced by a significant increase of water level rise and fall rates in the upper delta and causing water levels in the middle delta to increase. The development of flood prevention systems has also effected spatial distribution of flooding as indicated via a time series analysis of satellite imagery. While this development leads to increase localized agricultural productivity, our historical data analysis indicates that development of one region detrimentally affects other regions within the delta, which could increase the risk of future conflicts among regions, economic sectors, and the ecological value of these important floodplains. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0885-6087
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-1085
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Wiley
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  • 9
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    Spin-wave modes in ferromagnetic nanodisks, their excitation via alternating currents and fields, and auto-oscillations (2017)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-29
    Description: Author(s): D. Mancilla-Almonacid and R. E. Arias The excitation of the linear spin wave modes of a soft ferromagnetic free layer of a nanopillar structure through dc-ac currents that traverse the structure is studied, as well as with ac magnetic fields. There is interest in understanding the magnetization dynamics in these structures since they ma... [Phys. Rev. B 95, 214424] Published Wed Jun 28, 2017
    Keywords: Magnetism
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 10
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    High-fat diet enhances stemness and tumorigenicity of intestinal progenitors (2016)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-05
    Description: Little is known about how pro-obesity diets regulate tissue stem and progenitor cell function. Here we show that high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity augments the numbers and function of Lgr5(+) intestinal stem cells of the mammalian intestine. Mechanistically, a HFD induces a robust peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPAR-delta) signature in intestinal stem cells and progenitor cells (non-intestinal stem cells), and pharmacological activation of PPAR-delta recapitulates the effects of a HFD on these cells. Like a HFD, ex vivo treatment of intestinal organoid cultures with fatty acid constituents of the HFD enhances the self-renewal potential of these organoid bodies in a PPAR-delta-dependent manner. Notably, HFD- and agonist-activated PPAR-delta signalling endow organoid-initiating capacity to progenitors, and enforced PPAR-delta signalling permits these progenitors to form in vivo tumours after loss of the tumour suppressor Apc. These findings highlight how diet-modulated PPAR-delta activation alters not only the function of intestinal stem and progenitor cells, but also their capacity to initiate tumours.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4846772/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4846772/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beyaz, Semir -- Mana, Miyeko D -- Roper, Jatin -- Kedrin, Dmitriy -- Saadatpour, Assieh -- Hong, Sue-Jean -- Bauer-Rowe, Khristian E -- Xifaras, Michael E -- Akkad, Adam -- Arias, Erika -- Pinello, Luca -- Katz, Yarden -- Shinagare, Shweta -- Abu-Remaileh, Monther -- Mihaylova, Maria M -- Lamming, Dudley W -- Dogum, Rizkullah -- Guo, Guoji -- Bell, George W -- Selig, Martin -- Nielsen, G Petur -- Gupta, Nitin -- Ferrone, Cristina R -- Deshpande, Vikram -- Yuan, Guo-Cheng -- Orkin, Stuart H -- Sabatini, David M -- Yilmaz, Omer H -- AI47389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- DK043351/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- K08 CA198002/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K99 AG041765/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- K99 AG045144/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA014051/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30-CA14051/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R00 AG041765/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R00 AG045144/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI047389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA103866/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA129105/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 AI047389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32DK007191/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2016 Mar 3;531(7592):53-8. doi: 10.1038/nature17173.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. ; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. ; Division of Gastroenterology and Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA. ; Departments of Pathology, Gastroenterology, and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. ; Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. ; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. ; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. ; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA. ; Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Missisippi 39216, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26935695" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Count ; Cell Self Renewal/drug effects ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/*drug effects ; Colonic Neoplasms/*pathology ; Diet, High-Fat/*adverse effects ; Female ; Genes, APC ; Humans ; Intestines/*pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Obesity/chemically induced/pathology ; Organoids/drug effects/metabolism/pathology ; PPAR delta/metabolism ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; Stem Cell Niche/drug effects ; Stem Cells/*drug effects/metabolism/*pathology ; beta Catenin/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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