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  • 2015-2019  (21)
  • 1995-1999  (13)
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  • 1
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    Elevated brain-heart communication at near-death [Neuroscience] (2015)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-22
    Description: The mechanism by which the healthy heart and brain die rapidly in the absence of oxygen is not well understood. We performed continuous electrocardiography and electroencephalography in rats undergoing experimental asphyxia and analyzed cortical release of core neurotransmitters, changes in brain and heart electrical activity, and brain–heart connectivity. Asphyxia stimulates...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 2
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    Real-Time Monitoring of Chemical and Topological Rearrangements in Solidifying Amphiphilic Polymer Co-Networks: Understanding Surface Demixing (2016)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    In: Langmuir
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-30
    Description: Langmuir DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b00587
    Print ISSN: 0743-7463
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5827
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by American Chemical Society (ACS)
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  • 3
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    LPA1/3 overactivation induces neonatal posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus through ependymal loss and ciliary dysfunction (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) in premature infants is a common neurological disorder treated with invasive neurosurgical interventions. Patients with PHH lack effective therapeutic interventions and suffer chronic comorbidities. Here, we report a murine lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)–induced postnatal PHH model that maps neurodevelopmentally to premature infants, a clinically accessible high-risk population, and demonstrates ventriculomegaly with increased intracranial pressure. Administration of LPA, a blood-borne signaling lipid, acutely disrupted the ependymal cells that generate CSF flow, which was followed by cell death, phagocytosis, and ventricular surface denudation. This mechanism is distinct from a previously reported fetal model that induces PHH through developmental alterations. Analyses of LPA receptor–null mice identified LPA〈sub〉1〈/sub〉 and LPA〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 as key mediators of PHH. Pharmacological blockade of LPA〈sub〉1〈/sub〉 prevented PHH in LPA-injected animals, supporting the medical tractability of LPA receptor antagonists in preventing PHH and negative CNS sequelae in premature infants.〈/p〉
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Local habitat conditions explain the variation in the strength of self-thinning in a stream salmonid (2015)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-16
    Description: Self-thinning patterns are frequently used to describe density dependence in populations on timescales shorter than the organism's life span and have been used to infer carrying capacity of the environment. Among mobile animals, this concept has been used to document density dependence in stream salmonids, which compete over access to food and space. The carrying capacity, growth conditions, and initial cohort sizes often vary between streams and stream sections, which would influence the onset and strength of the density dependence. Despite much effort in describing habitat relationships in stream fishes, few studies have explicitly tested how the physical environment affects the slope of the thinning curves. Here, we investigate the prevalence and strength of self-thinning in juvenile stages of a steelhead ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) population in Idaho, USA. Further, we investigate the roles of local physical habitat and metabolic constraints in explaining the variation in thinning curves among study sites in the watershed. Only yearling steelhead exhibited an overall significant thinning trend, but the slope of the mass–density relationship (−0.53) was shallower than predicted by theory and reported from empirical studies. There was no detectable relationship in subyearling steelhead. Certain abiotic factors explained a relatively large portion of the variation in the strength of the self-thinning among the study reaches. For subyearling steelhead, the slopes were negatively associated with the average water depth and flow velocity in the study sites, whereas slopes in yearlings were steeper in sites that incurred a higher metabolic cost. Our results show that the prevalence and strength of density dependence in natural fish populations can vary across heterogeneous watersheds and can be more pronounced during certain stages of a species' life history, and that environmental factors can mediate the extent to which density dependence is manifested in predictable ways. Self-thinning patterns are frequently used to describe density dependence in populations on time scales shorter than the organism's life span, and have been used to infer carrying capacity of the environment. We studied the extent to which a population of steelhead (an anadromous salmonid) self-thin under natural conditions, and which abiotic factors can explain the variation in thinning across discrete stream reaches in a watershed in Idaho, USA. Our results show that the prevalence and strength of density dependence in natural fish populations can vary across heterogeneous watersheds; can be more pronounced during certain stages of a species' life history; and that environmental factors can mediate the extent to which density dependence is manifested in predictable ways.
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-7758
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley
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  • 5
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    A versatile retarding potential analyzer for nano-satellite platforms (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-22
    Description: The design of the first retarding potential analyzer (RPA) built specifically for use on resource-limited cubesat platforms is described. The size, mass, and power consumption are consistent with the limitations of a nano-satellite, but the performance specifications are commensurate with those of RPAs flown on much larger platforms. The instrument is capable of measuring the ion density, temperature, and the ram component of the ion velocity in the spacecraft reference frame, while also providing estimates of the ion composition. The mechanical and electrical designs are described, as are the operating modes, command and data structure, and timing scheme. Test data obtained using an ion source inside a laboratory vacuum chamber are presented to validate the performance of the new design.
    Print ISSN: 0034-6748
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7623
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 6
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    New human-specific brain landmark [Neuroscience] (2015)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-28
    Description: Identifying potentially unique features of the human cerebral cortex is a first step to understanding how evolution has shaped the brain in our species. By analyzing MR images obtained from 177 humans and 73 chimpanzees, we observed a human-specific asymmetry in the superior temporal sulcus at the heart of the...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 7
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    Die Auswahl des richtigen Laborwassers für Sequenzierungen (2015)
    Vogel Business Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-30
    Description: Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) ist in aller Munde. Ehrgeizige Projekte wollen mithilfe dieser nächsten Generation der DNA-Sequenzierungstechnologie innerhalb kurzer Zeiten komplette Genome entschlüsseln. Doch die beste Technik kann keine zuverlässigen Ergebnisse liefern, wenn die Grundlagen nicht stimmen.
    Print ISSN: 0344-1733
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Vogel Business Media
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  • 8
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    Increased insulin sensitivity and obesity resistance in mice lacking the protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B gene (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-03-05
    Description: Protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP-1B) has been implicated in the negative regulation of insulin signaling. Disruption of the mouse homolog of the gene encoding PTP-1B yielded healthy mice that, in the fed state, had blood glucose concentrations that were slightly lower and concentrations of circulating insulin that were one-half those of their PTP-1B+/+ littermates. The enhanced insulin sensitivity of the PTP-1B-/- mice was also evident in glucose and insulin tolerance tests. The PTP-1B-/- mice showed increased phosphorylation of the insulin receptor in liver and muscle tissue after insulin injection in comparison to PTP-1B+/+ mice. On a high-fat diet, the PTP-1B-/- and PTP-1B+/- mice were resistant to weight gain and remained insulin sensitive, whereas the PTP-1B+/+ mice rapidly gained weight and became insulin resistant. These results demonstrate that PTP-1B has a major role in modulating both insulin sensitivity and fuel metabolism, thereby establishing it as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Elchebly, M -- Payette, P -- Michaliszyn, E -- Cromlish, W -- Collins, S -- Loy, A L -- Normandin, D -- Cheng, A -- Himms-Hagen, J -- Chan, C C -- Ramachandran, C -- Gresser, M J -- Tremblay, M L -- Kennedy, B P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Mar 5;283(5407):1544-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, 3655 Drummond Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3G 1Y6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10066179" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/therapy ; Dietary Fats/administration & dosage ; Gene Targeting ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Insulin/blood/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins ; Insulin Resistance ; Liver/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism ; Obesity/*metabolism/therapy ; Phosphoproteins/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphotyrosine/metabolism ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/*genetics/*metabolism ; Receptor, Insulin/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Dipper discs not inclined towards edge-on orbits (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-07
    Description: The so-called dipper stars host circumstellar discs and have optical and infrared light curves that exhibit quasi-periodic or aperiodic dimming events consistent with extinction by transiting dusty structures orbiting in the inner disc. Most of the proposed mechanisms explaining the dips – i.e. occulting disc warps, vortices, and forming planetesimals – assume nearly edge-on viewing geometries. However, our analysis of the three known dippers with publicly available resolved sub-mm data reveals discs with a range of inclinations, most notably the face-on transition disc J1604-2130 (EPIC 204638512). This suggests that nearly edge-on viewing geometries are not a defining characteristic of the dippers and that additional models should be explored. If confirmed by further observations of more dippers, this would point to inner disc processes that regularly produce dusty structures far above the outer disc mid-plane in regions relevant to planet formation.
    Print ISSN: 1745-3925
    Electronic ISSN: 1745-3933
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dual multiparameter radar observations of intense convective storms: The 24 June 1992 case study (1996)
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 59 (1996), S. 3-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Summary Data from two multiparameter radars are used to diagnose some microphysical characteristics of intense convective storms, in particular, the 24 June 1992 case near Fort Collins and Greeley, Colorado. Dual-polarization and dual-frequency radar measurements from the CSU-CHILL and NCAR/CP-2 radars provided the basis for microphysical interpretations. Supporting in-situ measurements were provided by several T-28 aircraft penetrations of updraft regions. Limited dual-Doppler synthesis as well as surface mesoscale features showed persistent regions of convergence and advection of moist air along the northeast side of the storm complex. The Fort Collins storm was analyzed in detail over its duration including an intercomparison of rainfall rates from raingage and as deduced from specific differential phase and attenuation measurements. Vertical sections of radar data taken parallel and perpendicular to the surface convergence axis showed interesting features such as positiveZ dr and attenuation columns with an LDR ‘cap’ on the inflow side. Such columns provide evidence of the important role of warm cloud processes in this storm. NCAR/CP-2 radar data from a multi-cellular storm in central Florida are also analyzed as a contrast to the 24 June Colorado case.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01031999
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