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  • 2020-2023  (7)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2022-01-18
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The DFG Priority Program 1803 “EarthShape” (www.earthshape.net) investigates Earth surface shaping by biota. As part of this project, we present Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data of land surface areas for the four core research sites of the project. The research sites are located along a latitudinal gradient between ~26 °S and ~38 °S in the Chilean Coastal Cordillera. From north to south, the names of these sites are: National Park Pan de Azúcar; Private Reserve Santa Gracia; National Park La Campana; and National Park Nahuelbuta. The three datasets contain raw 3D point cloud data captured from an airborne LiDAR system, and the following derivative products: a) digital terrain models (DTM, sometimes also referred to as DEM [digital elevation model]) which are (2.5D) raster datasets created by rendering only the LiDAR returns which are assumed to be ground/bare-earth returns and b) digital surface models (DSM) which are also 2.5D raster datasets produced by rendering all the returns from the top of the Earth’s surface, including all objects and structures (e.g. buildings and vegetation). The LiDAR data were acquired in 2008 (southernmost Nahuelbuta [NAB] catchment), 2016 (central La Campana [LC] catchment) and 2020 (central Santa Gracia [SGA] catchment). Except for Nahuelbuta (data already was available from the data provider from a previous project), the flights were carried out as part of the "EarthShape" project. The LiDAR raw data (point cloud/ *.las files) were compressed, merged (as *.laz files) and projected using UTM 19 S (UTM 18 S for the southernmost Nahuelbuta catchment, respectively) and WGS84 as coordinate reference system. A complementary fourth dataset for the northernmost site in the National Park Pan de Azúcar, derived from Uncrewed Aerial Vehicle (UAV) flights and Structure from Motion (SfM) photogrammetry, is expected to be obtained during the first half of 2022 and will be added to the above data set.
    Description: Other
    Description: The DFG Priority Program 1803 "EarthShape - Earth Surface Shaping by Biota" (2016-2022) explored between scientific disciplines and includes geoscientists and biologists to study from different viewpoints the complex question how microorganisms, animals, and plants influence the shape and development of the Earth’s surface over time scales from the present-day to the young geologic past. All study sites are located in the north-to-south trending Coastal Cordillera mountains of Chile, South America. These sites span from the Atacama Desert in the north to the Araucaria forests approximately 1300 km to the south. The site selection contains a large ecological and climate gradient ranging from very dry to humid climate conditions. For more information visit: www.earthshape.net
    Keywords: 3D point cloud ; LiDAR scanner ; Elevation Models ; EarthShape ; Chile ; Coastal Cordillera ; Private Reserve Santa Gracia ; National Park La Campana ; National Park Nahuelbuta ; Earth Remote Sensing Instruments 〉 Active Remote Sensing 〉 Altimeters 〉 Lidar/Laser Altimeters 〉 AIRBORNE LASER SCANNER ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 LAND SURFACE 〉 TOPOGRAPHY 〉 TERRAIN ELEVATION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 LAND SURFACE 〉 TOPOGRAPHY 〉 TOPOGRAPHICAL RELIEF ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SPECTRAL/ENGINEERING 〉 LIDAR ; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES 〉 MODELS 〉 LAND SURFACE MODELS ; Models/Analyses 〉 DEM ; radiation 〉 laser
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2022-02-15
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This data publication contains new and recalculated soil production, chemical weathering, and physical erosion rates for granitoid soil-mantled hillslopes in the Chilean Coastal Cordillera. For further comparison and data discussion the data publication presents global rates from granitoid soil-mantled hillslopes combined with a suite of parameters at the sample location (e.g., slope, precipitation, temperature, vegetation cover). The data were collected within the DFG Priority Program 1803 "EarthShape - Earth Surface Shaping by Biota". The data publication contains one excel table including tables S1 to S9. In addition, these nine sub-tables are available as txt files in a zip-file. They are supplementary material to Schaller et al. (2021).
    Description: Other
    Description: The DFG Priority Program 1803 "EarthShape - Earth Surface Shaping by Biota" (2016-2022; https://www.earthshape.net/) explored between scientific disciplines and includes geoscientists and biologists to study from different viewpoints the complex question how microorganisms, animals, and plants influence the shape and development of the Earth’s surface over time scales from the present-day to the young geologic past. All study sites are located in the north-to-south trending Coastal Cordillera mountains of Chile, South America. These sites span from the Atacama Desert in the north to the Araucaria forests approximately 1300 km to the south. The site selection contains a large ecological and climate gradient ranging from very dry to humid climate conditions.
    Keywords: EarthShape ; Chile ; Coastal Cordillera ; soil production rate ; chemical weathering rate ; physical erosion rate ; National Parc Pan de Azucar ; Private Reserve Santa Gracia ; National Parc La Campana ; National Parc Nahuelbuta ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOCHEMISTRY 〉 GEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES 〉 CHEMICAL WEATHERING ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMORPHIC LANDFORMS/PROCESSES
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2022-04-04
    Description: Abstract
    Description: We present a new Python-based Jupyter Notebook that helps interpreting detrital tracer thermochronometry datasets and quantifying the statistical confidence of such analysis. Users are referred to the linked GitHub repository for usage and methods. https://github.com/mdlndr/ESD_thermotrace
    Description: TechnicalInfo
    Description: MIT License Copyright (c) 2021 Andrea Madella Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
    Description: Other
    Description: The DFG Priority Program 1803 "EarthShape - Earth Surface Shaping by Biota" (2016-2022; https://www.earthshape.net/) explored between scientific disciplines and includes geoscientists and biologists to study from different viewpoints the complex question how microorganisms, animals, and plants influence the shape and development of the Earth’s surface over time scales from the present-day to the young geologic past. All study sites are located in the north-to-south trending Coastal Cordillera mountains of Chile, South America. These sites span from the Atacama Desert in the north to the Araucaria forests approximately 1300 km to the south. The site selection contains a large ecological and climate gradient ranging from very dry to humid climate conditions.
    Keywords: Detrital Tracer Thermochronology ; EarthShape ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 LAND SURFACE 〉 EROSION/SEDIMENTATION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 LAND SURFACE 〉 EROSION/SEDIMENTATION 〉 EROSION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 LAND SURFACE 〉 EROSION/SEDIMENTATION 〉 SEDIMENT CHEMISTRY ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 LAND SURFACE 〉 EROSION/SEDIMENTATION 〉 SEDIMENT COMPOSITION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 LAND SURFACE 〉 EROSION/SEDIMENTATION 〉 SEDIMENT TRANSPORT ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 LAND SURFACE 〉 GEOMORPHOLOGY ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 LAND SURFACE 〉 GEOMORPHOLOGY 〉 FLUVIAL LANDFORMS/PROCESSES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 LAND SURFACE 〉 GEOMORPHOLOGY 〉 TECTONIC LANDFORMS/PROCESSES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 ROCKS/MINERALS/CRYSTALS 〉 SEDIMENTS ; science 〉 natural science 〉 earth science 〉 sedimentology
    Type: Software , Software
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2022-11-25
    Description: Abstract
    Description: We provide a globally distributed compilation of published surface temperature proxies for eight Cenozoic time periods that cover the range of paleoclimate states. The proxies have both a marine and terrestrial provenance and are compared to the annual temperature of the same location today. This data is then used to quantify long-term temperature changes on zonal and global levels. When coupled with recent estimates of atmospheric CO2 concentration, temperature data constrains the sensitivity of Earth's climate system to perturbation of the radiative balance, with possible implications for the future response to anthropogenic forcing. The dataset consists of an excel file with eight sheets for the eight selected timeslices, namely, •mid-Pliocene (3,0 - 3,3 Ma) •late Miocene (7,2 - 11,6 Ma) •mid-Miocene (14,7 - 17,0 Ma) •early Miocene (20,3 - 23,0 Ma) •early Oligocene (27,8 - 33,9 Ma) •late Eocene (33,9 - 37,8 Ma) •middle Eocene (42 - 46 Ma) •early Eocene (48 - 55 Ma)
    Description: Methods
    Description: Most data were directly adopted from the primary sources. However, a number of published datasets were recalculated from the published geochemical proxy indices using the recent Bayesian core-top calibrations BAYSPAR (Tierney & Tingley, 2015), BAYSPLINE (Tierney & Tingley, 2018), BAYFOX (Malevich et al., 2019), BAYMAG (Tierney et al., 2019) and BAYMBT (Crampton-Flood et al., 2020). These are highlighted in blue in the dataset. When more than one datapoint of a proxy is available for a given location, for example as part of a sea-surface temperature timeseries, then all datapoints falling within the bounds of our study timeslices were considered and the median was reported. Locations that are separated by less than 0.1 degrees in latitude and longitude were counted as a single locality.
    Keywords: lipid biomarkers ; coexistence approach ; leaf margin analysis ; microfossil assemblages ; oxygen isotopes ; bioclimatic analysis ; Earth system sensitivity ; Cenozoic ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 ATMOSPHERE 〉 ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION 〉 RADIATIVE FORCING ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 ATMOSPHERE 〉 ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE 〉 TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 OCEANS 〉 OCEAN TEMPERATURE 〉 SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 PALEOCLIMATE 〉 LAND RECORDS 〉 PALEOVEGETATION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 PALEOCLIMATE 〉 PALEOCLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS 〉 AIR TEMPERATURE RECONSTRUCTION
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2022-10-12
    Description: The Middle Miocene (15.99 to 11.65 Ma) of Europe witnessed major climatic, environmental, and vegetational change, yet we are lacking detailed reconstructions of Middle Miocene temperature and precipitation patterns over Europe. Here, we use a high-resolution (∼0.75°) isotope-enabled general circulation model (ECHAM5-wiso) with time-specific boundary conditions to investigate changes in temperature, precipitation, and δ18O in precipitation (δ18Op). Experiments were designed with variable elevation configurations of the European Alps and different atmospheric CO2 levels to examine the influence of Alpine elevation and global climate forcing on regional climate and δ18Op patterns. Modeling results are in agreement with available paleobotanical temperature data and with low-resolution Middle Miocene experiments of the MioMIP1 project. However, simulated precipitation rates are 300 - 500 mm/year lower in the Middle Miocene than for pre-industrial times for central Europe. This result is consistent with precipitation estimates from herpetological fossil assemblages, but contradicts precipitation estimates from paleobotanical data. We attribute the Middle Miocene precipitation change in Europe to shifts in large-scale pressure patterns in the North Atlantic and over Europe and associated changes in wind direction and humidity. We suggest that global climate forcing contributed to a maximum δ18Op change of ∼2‰ over high elevation (Alps) and ∼1‰ over low elevation regions. In contrast, we observe a maximum modeled δ18Op decrease of 8‰ across the Alpine orogen due to Alpine topography. However, the elevation-δ18Op lapse rate shallows in the Middle Miocene, leading to a possible underestimation of paleotopography when using present-day δ18Op - elevation relationships data for stable isotope paleoaltimetry studies.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2022-08-05
    Description: Rapid, localized exhumation has been reported at many plate corners between adjacent subduction/collision segments. Here we use a fully‐coupled geodynamic and geomorphological modelling approach to investigate overriding plate deformation and resulting rock uplift patterns in these narrow, cuspate regions. In this study, we focus on the effects of internal deformation within a subducting convex‐upward‐shaped indenter and the strength of the interface between the upper and downgoing plate. The strongest localization of high rock uplift rates in the region above the indenter apex is predicted in experiments with a deformable lower plate, a weak interface layer and lateral shortening accommodated only by subduction (i.e., without an upper plate advance component). Our results suggest that bull’s eye shaped structures characterized by young thermochronological ages can, in principle, be reproduced numerically when taking into account a non‐rigid subducting plate together with complex brittle‐ductile rheology and stratification of the overriding lithosphere and realistically implemented fluvial erosion at its surface.
    Description: Alexander von Humboldt‐Stiftung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100005156
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: European Research Council http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010663
    Keywords: ddc:551.1
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2022-06-02
    Description: The Ekström Ice Shelf is one of numerous small ice shelves that fringe the coastline of western Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica. Reconstructions of past ice-sheet extent in this area are poorly constrained, due to a lack of geomorphological evidence. Here, we present a compilation of geophysical surveys in front of and beneath the Ekström Ice Shelf, to identify and interpret evidence of past ice-sheet flow, extent and retreat. The sea floor beneath the Ekström Ice Shelf is dominated by an incised trough, which extends from the modern-day grounding line onto the continental shelf. Our surveys show that mega-scale glacial lineations cover most of the mouth of this trough, terminating 11 km away from the continental shelf break, indicating the most recent minimal extent of grounded ice in this region. Beneath the front ∼30 km of the ice shelf measured from the ice shelf edge towards the inland direction, the sea floor is characterised by an acoustically transparent sedimentary unit, up to 45 m thick. This is likely composed of subglacial till, further corroborating the presence of past grounded ice cover. Further inland, the sea floor becomes rougher, interpreted as a transition from subglacial tills to a crystalline bedrock, corresponding to the outcrop of the volcanic Explora Wedge at the sea floor. Ice retreat in this region appears to have happened rapidly in the centre of the incised trough, evidenced by a lack of overprinting of the lineations at the trough mouth. At the margins of the trough uniformly spaced recessional moraines suggest ice retreated more gradually. We estimate the palaeo-ice thickness at the calving front around the Last Glacial Maximum to have been at least 305 to 320 m, based on the depth of iceberg ploughmarks within the trough and sea level reconstructions. Given the similarity of the numerous small ice shelves along the Dronning Maud Land coast, these findings are likely representative for other ice shelves in this region and provide essential boundary conditions for palaeo ice-sheet models in this severely understudied region.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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