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  • 1980-1984  (8)
  • 1981  (8)
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  • 1980-1984  (8)
Year
  • 1
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    Seasat Sar cross-section modulation by surface winds: Goasex observations (1981)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-02-01
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by American Geophysical Union
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
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    Lunar craters with radar bright ejecta (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The properties of the 3.8-cm radar-bright halos observed around certain lunar impact craters are compiled and compared with 70-cm radar, thermal infrared and photogeological data in order to address the nature of the halos. Diameters, positions, and radar and IR signal strengths are presented for 120 radar-bright ejecta regions of size greater than 20 km and twice the diameter of the crater. The 3.8-cm halos are noted to range in size up to 30 times that of the crater itself, although the strength of the signal from the crater and rim lies in a narrow range, while the IR halos are smaller in extent and variable in signal strength. The radar-bright ejecta are found to have a range of optical properties, and to be associated with fresh primary impact craters. Data are thus consistent with craters having radar-bright ejecta deposits having ages of less than 10 million to 1 billion years, with the radar and infrared signatures of the ejecta deposits produced by combinations of enhanced blockiness and roughness.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus; 46; May 1981
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Seasat SAR cross-section modulation by surface winds - GOASEX observations (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Seasat radar observations of the Gulf of Alaska by the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and the Wind Speed Scatterometer (SASS) indicate that L-band backscatter is modulated by wind speed and possibly by wind direction. It is noted that the L-band backscatter is approximately proportional to the square root of surface winds and that upwind/crosswind differences in backscatter can be as large as 10% in the range of these wind speeds. It is suggested that Seasat SAR images, in conjunction with Seasat Scatterometer data may provide fine-scale mapping of ocean winds and directions. The need for further Seasat SAR-SASS comparisons in order to extend the range of wind speeds is stressed.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters; 8; Feb. 198
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Studies of the dependence of L-band backscatter on sea surface winds using the synthetic aperture radar (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Airborne and Seasat-1 SAR measurements of over-ocean winds through the use of L-band frequencies is described. A consistent dependence has been found between the wind speeds and the microwave backscattering coefficient. Measurements were obtained for cells a few kilometers across and at an incidence angle of 20 deg from nadir. Surface measurements were included in the analyses whenever possible, including data for surface temperatures and current variations, such as in the Gulf Stream. Higher radar cross-sections have been observed from the Gulf Stream than in nearby continental shelf waters. The eye-wall of Hurricane Gloria in Sept. 1976 displayed the largest backscatter of the storm. Wind speed backscatter exponents of 0.5 for winds below 18 m/sec, and 0.58 for winds above 20 m/sec have been determined for the Seasat L-band backscatter. The same wind speeds hold true for 0.05 and 0.50, respectively, for the wind direction component.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Oceanography from space; May 26, 1980 - May 30, 1980; Venice; Italy
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Nimbus-7 SMMR evaluation performed during the Norwegian remote sensing experiment /NORSEX/ (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: In September and October 1979, surface-based meteorological, oceanographic, and microwave observations were made in the marginal ice zone (MIZ) from an icebreaker. Two synthetic aperture radar images of the ice edge region were obtained. In addition, a C-130 aircraft took aerial photographs and made active and passive microwave measurements and associated environmental measurements. The ship-based microwave observations gave values of the emissivity and backscatter of the different ice types in the MIZ over the spectral range covered by SMMR and at varying angles of incidence. In conjunction with the backscatter measurements, the ship and aircraft radiometry indicated the potential of a combined active/passive system for ice type determination. It was found that the ice edge could be located with an accuracy limited primarily by the geographical location of the SMMR fields of view. Ice concentration changes as deduced from the movement of buoys in the 200 x 200 km area with corresponding values for the SMMR ice concentration algorithm were found to be of the same order of magnitude
    Keywords: OCEANOGRAPHY
    Type: International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium; Jun 08, 1981 - Jun 10, 1981; Washington, DC
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Planetary radar studies (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Progress made in studying the evolution of Venusian craters and the evolution of infrared and radar signatures of lunar crater interiors is reported. Comparison of radar images of craters on Venus and the Moon present evidence for a steady state Venus crater population. Successful observations at the Arecibo Observatory yielded good data on five nights when data for a mix of inner and limb areas were acquired. Lunar craters with radar bright ejects are discussed. An overview of infrared radar crater catalogs in the data base is included.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA-CR-164615 , SAI-1-142-08-078-00
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Planetary radar studies (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A catalog of lunar and radar anomalies was generated to provide a base for comparison with Venusian radar signatures. The relationships between lunar radar anomalies and regolith processes were investigated, and a consortium was formed to compare lunar and Venusian radar images of craters. Time was scheduled at the Arecibo Observatory to use the 430 MHz radar to obtain high resolution radar maps of six areas of the lunar suface. Data from 1978 observations of Mare Serenitas and Plato are being analyzed on a PDP 11/70 computer to construct the computer program library necessary for the eventual reduction of the May 1981 and subsequent data acquisitions. Papers accepted for publication are presented.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA-CR-164784 , SAI-1-142-078-S1
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Origin of bright ring-shaped craters in radar images of Venus (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Radar images of the Venusian surface taken at the Arecibo Observatory are examined in the context of recent study of the radar appearance of lunar craters to provide insight into the formation and evolution of Venusian features and to propose the thesis that bright ring-shaped features contain information about the rate at which Venus is being modified by depositional or erosional processes. Radar crater signatures are analyzed by crater floor and interior properties and by properties of ejecta deposits. Morphological comparisons with radar images of lunar craters are made, as well as morphometric comparisons with lunar radar crater haloes. The populations of radar bright craters on the moon and Venus is analyzed using a Monte Carlo simulation. It is concluded that the bright ring crater population does not resemble an impact crater production population.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus; 48; Dec. 198
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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