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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 580-582 (June 2008), p. 663-666 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The aim of this study is the development of a numerical technique applicable for thefatigue assessment based on the damage mechanics approach. The generalized elasto-visco-plasticconstitutive equation, which can consider the internal damage evolution behavior, is developed inorder to numerically evaluate the material fatigue responses. Explicit information of therelationships between the mechanical properties and material constants, which are required for themechanical constitutive and damage evolution equations, are derived. The performance of thedeveloped technique has been verified using the S-N relationship assessment for STS304 stainlesssteel
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of social economics 29 (2002), S. 282-298 
    ISSN: 0306-8293
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Farming in Bangladesh is confronted with various types of uncertainties, which contribute to farmers' income volatility over the years. As a result, cereal, mainly rice, which is a less riskier crop remained dominantly planted in the current farm plan. But the return generated from rice cultivation has not been able to improve the livelihood of the poor, as rice profitability is low compared to some profitable but risky crops like jute and vegetables. To investigate the behavioral pattern of the farmers towards risk, Dhaka division, largely known as central region of Bangladesh, is selected. The prevailing farm plan of Dhaka division is compared with the efficient one at the current level of expected return in order to check whether the current farm plan is risky or otherwise. Quadratic and MOTAD as well as linear programming techniques have been employed for the analysis. The result of the study reveals that the prevailing farm plan in Dhaka division is risky compared to the efficient plan. Since the current return level is low, the study has recommended that more jute and vegetables should be planted to achieve higher remuneration.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mathematical programming 42 (1988), S. 391-405 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Linear programming ; large-scale-systems ; decomposition ; parallel computing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes DECOMPAR: an implementation of the Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition algorithm for block-angular linear programs using parallel processing of the subproblems. The software is based on a robust experimental code for LP decomposition and runs on the CRYSTAL multicomputer at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Initial computational experience is reported. Promising directions in future development of this approach are discussed.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: computer-designed formulation ; prolonged-action dosage forms ; drug delivery systems ; long-acting formulations ; theophylline delivery systems ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The method provides an a priori assessment of the maximum allowable flexibility in the rate of release from a prolonged-release formulation. The clinical pharmacokinetic parameters describing the drug candidate are employed to calculate the ranges of rate constants and doses required for the formulation to provide a selected therapeutic duration. For a given patient, there may be an infinite number of combinations of release rate constants and dose sizes which will maintain steady-state plasma drug concentrations within a desired range when the formulation is administered at the selected dosing interval. Computer simulations of steady-state plasma concentrations are employed to establish the ranges for all of the acceptable rate constants and doses for each member of a group. The entire group is then examined to define the range of release rate constants and doses which would provide a useful formulation for every member in the group. Literature values for theophylline clinical pharmacokinetics in children and adults have been employed to illustrate the application of this method. The method is unique in that it provides an entire range of release rates on which to gauge the feasibility for success.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: zero-order delivery ; drug delivery system ; sustained release ; computer simulation ; dosage form design ; theophylline ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Classical methods employing pharmacokinetic data to calculate zero-order release rates for sustained release products require that a constant-rate drug delivery system must have a duration which is exactly equal to the desired dosage interval. This traditional approach fails to establish the minimum acceptable duration and also fails to provide any flexibility in the formulation goal. While it does calculate one pair of duration and dose values, there are infinite pairs of values capable of maintaining the desired plasma concentrations using the selected dosing interval. In the current method, computer simulations are used to establish the boundary conditions within which any pair of duration and dose values will maintain the desired levels when administered on the chosen dosing interval. By comparing the boundary conditions for every subject in a group, a single set of conditions which would work for the entire group can be selected. These final limits represent the broadest specifications for zero-order drug delivery system design for that particular drug combined with the plasma concentration goals and the desired dosing interval. The method is illustrated using theophylline pharmacokinetics.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: lipoprotein distribution ; ultracentrifugation ; liposomes ; nystatin ; and cyclosporine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1423-0127
    Keywords: Fentanyl ; Power spectral analysis ; Electromyography ; Locus coeruleus ; GTP-binding regulatory proteins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Previous results from our laboratory have established that the Go subtype of guanine nucleotide (GTP)-binding regulatory proteins at the locus coeruleus (LC) may participate in the elicitation of muscular rigidity by fentanyl. The present study further examined the involvement of other subtypes of GTP-binding regulatory proteins at the LC in this process, using Sprague-Dawley rats anesthetized with ketamine (120 mg/kg, i.p., with 30 mg/kg/h i.v. infusion supplements) and under mechanical ventilation. Intravenous administration of fentanyl (100 µg/kg) induced a significant increase in electromyographic signals recorded from the sacrococcygeus dorsi lateralis muscle. Power spectral analysis revealed that this was accomplished by a decrease in the mean power frequency and an increase in the root mean square values of the signals. The above responses were appreciably antagonized by pretreating animals with bilateral microinjection into the LC of pertussis toxin (80 or 160 fmol), N-ethylmaleimide (16 pmol) or 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (100 or 200 fmol); but not by cholera toxin (120 or 240 fmol), forskolin (240 or 480 pmol) or N-ethylmaleimide at a higher dose (32 pmol). These results suggest that, in addition to Go protein, fentanyl-induced muscular rigidity may also involve other pertussis toxin-sensitive GTP-binding regulatory proteins, possibly Gi and Gp subtypes, in the signal transduction processes following activation of μ-opioid receptors at the LC.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 297-300 (Nov. 2005), p. 2800-2805 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: For a rational design of a welded joint, it is necessary to repeatedly assess the fatigue life of the joint with various dimensions and welding conditions. In this paper, an automated, repeatable/repetitive fatigue life assessment process for a welded cruciform joint was studied. The process consists of a structural analysis to obtain the stress distribution in the vicinity of the weldtoe, a thermal elasto-plastic analysis to determine the welding residual stress, and a fatigue life assessment based on the analyzed stress distribution and welding residual stress. With changes in design conditions including dimensions and/or welding heat input, the aforementioned tasks have to be performed. Using a commercial tool for system integration, automation of a repeated process for a welded cruciform joint based on 2D modeling was achieved. In this automated system, data exchanges between programs, regardless of whether they are commercial or in-house, work well, and parametric studies for optimal design can be performed
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 353-358 (Sept. 2007), p. 2100-2103 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Vessels are rarely subjected to accidental loads such as the collision, grounding andstranding. But these accidental loads cause a lot of damages to hull structure including a largedeformation, fracture, tearing and so on. In case of carrying dangerous goods such as crude oil, theseaccidents can induce a serious environmental pollution. All ocean-going vessels were made bywelding. The welding residual stress is a significant shortcoming of welding remains at the hullstructure, even though welding technology in shipbuilding field has provided a variety of advantages,e.g. remarkable shortening of the shipbuilding time. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effectsof the residual stress in a grounding accident. When a ship runs aground against a sea-obstacle like arock, this accident can be classified as a grounding. Among parameters of grounding accidentscenarios such as the ship speed, the initial striking point, and loading conditions of the ship, only shipspeed varies from 10 to 15 knots under ballast condition with/without consideration of residualstress(this sentence is not clear to the read). The initial striking point is at the bow of the center line ofship. A series of nonlinear numerical simulations with large deformation and fracture were carried outusing LS-DYNA. As a result, two cases with residual stress have longer damage length. Thedifference seems to be relatively small, but not negligible
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 4 (1987), S. 98-103 
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: captopril oxidation ; captopril stability ; thiol ; captopril disulfide ; oxidation kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The stability of captopril in aqueous solution at 32°C was studied in the pH range 6.6 to 8.0 under controlled oxygen partial pressure (90–760 mm Hg) with and without the addition of cupric ion. The oxidation product, captopril disulfide, was found to be the sole degradation product. A change in reaction rate from first order to zero order occurs as the captopril concentration decreases. The concentration at which this transition takes place is a function of the pH, oxygen partial pressure, and cupric ion concentration. The apparent first-order rate constants show a first-order dependency on both the oxygen partial pressure and the cupric ion concentration. However, the apparent zero-order rate constants show a first-order dependency on oxygen partial pressure and a second-order dependency on cupric ion concentration. As the pH increases from 6.6 to 8.0, the first-order process becomes more predominant. A mechanism which consists of cupric ion- and molecular oxygen-catalyzed oxidation is proposed to explain those observations.
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