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Plant nitrogen concentration, use efficiency, and contents in a tallgrass prairie ecosystem under experimental warming (2005)

An, Yuan ; Wan, Shiqiang ; Zhou, Xuhui ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd

Global change biology 11 (2005), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-2486

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography

Notes: Plant nitrogen (N) relationship has the potential to regulate plant and ecosystem responses strongly to global warming but has not been carefully examined under warmed environments. This study was conducted to examine responses of plant N relationship (i.e. leaf N concentration, N use efficiency, and plant N content in this study) to a 4-year experimental warming in a tallgrass prairie in the central Great Plains in USA. We measured mass-based N and carbon (C) concentrations of stem, green, and senescent leaves, and calculated N resorption efficiency, N use efficiency, plant N content, and C : N ratios of five dominant species (two C4 grasses, one C3 grass, and two C3 forbs). The results showed that warming decreased N concentration of both green and senescent leaves, and N resorption efficiency for all species. N use efficiencies and C : N ratios were accordingly higher under warming than control. Total plant N content increased under warming because of warming-induced increases in biomass production that are larger than the warming-induced decreases in tissue N concentration. The increases in N contents in both green and senescent plant tissues suggest that warming enhanced both plant N uptake and return through litterfall in the tallgrass ecosystem. Our results also suggest that the increased N use efficiency in C4 grasses is a primary mechanism leading to increased biomass production under warming in the grassland ecosystem.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01030.x

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Extreme rainfall and snowfall alter responses of soil respiration to nitrogen fertilization : a 3-year field experiment (2017)

Chen, Zengming ; Xu, Yehong ; Zhou, Xuhui ; [et al.]

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Publication Date: 2022-05-26

Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2016. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of John Wiley & Sons for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Global Change Biology 23 (2017): 3403-3417, doi:10.1111/gcb.13620.

Description: Extreme precipitation is predicted to be more frequent and intense accompanying global warming, and may have profound impacts on soil respiration (Rs) and its components, i.e., autotrophic (Ra) and heterotrophic (Rh) respiration. However, how natural extreme rainfall or snowfall events affect these fluxes are still lacking, especially under nitrogen (N) fertilization. In this study, extreme rainfall and snowfall events occurred during a 3-year field experiment, allowing us to examine their effects on the response of Rs, Rh and Ra to N supply. In normal rainfall years of 2011/2012 and 2012/2013, N fertilization significantly stimulated Rs by 23.9% and 10.9%, respectively. This stimulation was mainly due to the increase of Ra because of N-induced increase in plant biomass. In the record wet year of 2013/2014, however, Rs was independent on N supply because of the inhibition effect of the extreme rainfall event. Compared with those in other years, Rh and Ra were reduced by 36.8% and 59.1%, respectively, which were likely related to the anoxic stress on soil microbes and decreased photosynthates supply. Although N supply did not affect annual Rh, the response ratio (RR) of Rh flux to N fertilization decreased firstly during growing season, increased in nongrowing season and peaked during spring thaw in each year. Nongrowing season Rs and Rh contributed 5.5–16.4% to their annual fluxes, and were higher in 2012/2013 than other years due to the extreme snowfall inducing higher soil moisture during spring thaw. The RR of nongrowing season Rs and Rh decreased in years with extreme snowfall or rainfall compared to those in normal years. Overall, our results highlight the significant effects of extreme precipitation on responses of Rs and its components to N fertilization, which should be incorporated into models to improve the prediction of carbon-climate feedbacks.

Description: This research was funded by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB15020100) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31561143011).

Description: 2017-12-26

Keywords: Autotrophic respiration ; Extreme precipitation ; Heterotrophic respiration ; Nitrogen fertilization ; Nongrowing season ; Spring thaw ; Soil respiration ; Soil waterlogging

Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server

Type: Preprint

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Grazing intensity significantly affects belowground carbon and nitrogen cycling in grassland ecosystems: a meta-analysis (2016)

Guiyao Zhou, Xuhui Zhou, Yanghui He, Junjiong Shao, Zhenhong Hu, Ruiqiang Liu, Huimin Zhou, Shahla Hosseini-Bai

Wiley

In: Global Change Biology

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Publication Date: 2016-07-15

Description: Livestock grazing activities potentially alter ecosystem carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles in grassland ecosystems. Despite the fact that numerous individual studies and a few meta-analyses had been conducted, how grazing, especially its intensity, affects belowground C and N cycling in grasslands remains unclear. In this study, we performed a comprehensive meta-analysis of 115 published studies to examine the responses of 19 variables associated with belowground C and N cycling to livestock grazing in global grasslands. Our results showed that, on average, grazing significantly decreased belowground C and N pools in grassland ecosystems, with the largest decreases in microbial biomass C and N (21.62 and 24.40%, respectively). In contrast, belowground fluxes, including soil respiration, soil net N mineralization and soil N nitrification increased by 4.25%, 34.67 and 25.87%, respectively in grazed grasslands compared to ungrazed ones. More importantly, grazing intensity significantly affected the magnitude (even direction) of changes in the majority of the assessed belowground C and N pools and fluxes, and C:N ratio as well as soil moisture. Specifically,light grazing contributed to soil C and N sequestration whereas moderate and heavy grazing significantly increased C and N losses. In addition, soil depth, livestock type and climatic conditions influenced the responses of selected variables to livestock grazing to some degree. Our findings highlight the importance of the effects of grazing intensity on belowground C and N cycling, which may need to be incorporated into regional and global models for predicting effects of human disturbance on global grasslands and assessing the climate- biosphere feedbacks. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Print ISSN: 1354-1013

Electronic ISSN: 1365-2486

Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography

Published by Wiley

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Interactive effects of global change factors on soil respiration and its components: a meta-analysis (2016)

Lingyan Zhou, Xuhui Zhou, Junjiong Shao, Yuanyuan Nie, Yanghui He, Liling Jiang, Zhuoting Wu, Shahla Hosseini Bai

Wiley

In: Global Change Biology

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Publication Date: 2016-02-21

Description: As the second largest carbon (C) flux between the atmosphere and terrestrial ecosystems, soil respiration (Rs) plays vital roles in regulating atmospheric CO 2 concentration ([CO 2 ]) and climatic dynamics in the Earth system. Although numerous manipulative studies and a few meta-analyses have been conducted to determine the responses of Rs and its two components (i.e., autotrophic [Ra] and heterotrophic [Rh] respiration) to single global change factors, the interactive effects of the multiple factors are still unclear. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis of 150 multiple-factor (≥ 2) studies to examine the main and interactive effects of global change factors on Rs and its two components. Our results showed that elevated [CO 2 ] (E), nitrogen addition (N), irrigation (I), and warming (W) induced significant increases in Rs by 28.6%, 8.8%, 9.7%, and 7.1%, respectively. The combined effects of the multiple factors: EN, EW, DE, IE, IN, IW, IEW and DEW, were also significantly positive on Rs to a greater extent than those of the single-factor ones. For all the individual studies, the additive interactions were predominant on Rs (90.6%) and its components (≈70.0%) relative to synergistic and antagonistic ones. However, the different combinations of global-change factors (e.g., EN, NW, EW, IW) indicated that the three types of interactions were all important, with two combinations for synergistic effects, two for antagonistic, and five for additive when at least eight independent experiments were considered. In addition, the interactions of elevated [CO 2 ] and warming had opposite effects on Ra and Rh, suggesting that different processes may influence their responses to the multi-factor interactions. Our study highlights the crucial importance of the interactive effects among the multiple factors on Rs and its components, which could inform regional and global models to assess the climate-biosphere feedbacks and improve predictions of the future states of the ecological and climate systems. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Print ISSN: 1354-1013

Electronic ISSN: 1365-2486

Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography

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Investigation of VLF Transmitter Signals in the Ionosphere by ZH‐1 Observations and Full‐Wave Simulation (2019)

Shufan Zhao, Chen Zhou, Xuhui Shen, Zeren Zhima

Wiley

In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

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Publication Date: 2019

Description: Abstract In this study, we investigate the very low frequency (VLF) signals in the ionosphere propagating from ground‐based transmitters by using the data from the newly launched China Seismo‐Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES), which is also called ZH‐1. The simultaneous ionospheric perturbations and electron precipitations induced by the NWC transmitter are also analyzed, and the possible mechanisms are discussed. The ZH‐1 and DEMETER observations of VLF transmitters are compared morphologically, which are generally consistent with the full‐wave simulations. The results show that the electromagnetic waves excited by the VLF transmitters penetrate into the ionosphere and propagate in the magnetosphere to its conjugate hemisphere as a ducted or nonducted whistler. When the VLF transmitter is located at L 〈 1.5, the wave propagates more easily as a nonducted whistler. When the wave propagates as a ducted whistler, the point of maximum observed transmitter‐induced electric field in the conjugate hemisphere will move poleward in the northern hemisphere and equatorward in the southern hemisphere. The results also show that the data stability of electromagnetic field recorded by ZH‐1 satellite is almost the same as DEMETER satellite, and there is a good correlation between the ZH‐1 observation and simulated results. These conclusions demonstrate that the nightside VLF band electromagnetic observation of ZH‐1 satellite is stable and reliable.

Print ISSN: 2169-9380

Electronic ISSN: 2169-9402

Topics: Geosciences , Physics

Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).

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Different responses of soil respiration and its components to nitrogen addition among biomes: A meta-analysis (2013)

Lingyan Zhou, Xuhui Zhou, Baocheng Zhang, Meng Lu, Yiqi Luo, Lingli Liu, Bo Li

Wiley

In: Global Change Biology

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Publication Date: 2013-12-11

Description: Anthropogenic activities have increased nitrogen (N) deposition by three- to five-fold over the last century, which may considerably affect soil respiration ( Rs ). Although numerous individual studies and a few meta-analyses have been conducted, it remains controversial as to how N addition affects Rs and its components (i.e., autotrophic ( Ra ) and heterotrophic respiration ( Rh )). To reconcile the difference, we conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis of 295 published studies to examine the responses of Rs and its components to N addition in terrestrial ecosystems. We also assessed variations in their responses in relation to ecosystem types, environmental conditions, and experimental duration (DUR). Our results show that N addition significantly increased Rs by 2.0% across all biomes, but decreased by 1.44% in forests, and increased by 7.84% and 12.4% in grasslands and croplands, respectively ( P 〈 0.05). The differences may largely result from diverse responses of Ra to N addition among biomes with more stimulation of Ra in croplands and grasslands compared to no significant change in forests. Rh exhibited a similar negative response to N addition among biomes except that in croplands, tropical and boreal forests. Methods of partitioning Rs did not induce significant differences in the responses of Ra or Rh to N addition, except that Ra from root exclusion and component integration methods exhibited the opposite responses in temperate forests. The response ratios ( RR ) of Rs to N addition were positively correlated with mean annual temperature (MAT), with being more significant when MAT was less than 15°C, but negatively with DUR. In addition, the responses of Rs and its components to N addition largely resulted from the changes in root and microbial biomass and soil C content as indicated by correlation analysis. The response patterns of Rs to N addition as revealed in this study can be benchmarks for future modeling and experimental studies. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Print ISSN: 1354-1013

Electronic ISSN: 1365-2486

Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography

Published by Wiley

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