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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonlinear optical properties of novel thiophene derivatives: Experimental and ab initio time-dependent coupled perturbed Hartree–Fock studies (1993)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 99 (1993), S. 9984-9993 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We report in this paper experimental and theoretical studies of the nonlinear optical properties of a new class of compounds which differ from traditional second-order molecules in the sense that a commonly used electron donor chromophore is replaced by a thiophene ring. The molecular second-order nonlinear optical coefficients, β, as determined by the electric field-induced second-harmonic generation technique, for 2-nitro-1-(2-thienyl)ethene and 4-nitro-1-(2-thienyl)-1,3-butadiene are, respectively, 1 and 3 times that of para-nitroaniline. Ab initio time-dependent coupled perturbed Hartree–Fock results are in agreement with the experimental findings. A Mulliken population analysis indicates that the sulfur atom in the thiophene ring acts as an electron donor. Both the experimental and the theoretical results confirm that a thiophene ring acts as an efficient donor, giving rise to highly efficient second-order nonlinear optical properties. We also show that with this type of chromophore one can use a thiophene oligomer, in place of a thiophene monomer, to amplify the nonlinearity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.465398
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photorefractive composites with high-band-gap second-order nonlinear optical chromophores (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 6903-6907 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A series of photorefractive composite materials has been developed in which an inert polymer has been doped with second-order nonlinear optical chromophores, charge transporting agents, and photocharge generation sensitizers. The composites show high photoconductivity, large photorefractive responses, and optical transparency at many wavelengths. Photorefractivity has been demonstrated at wavelengths of 633, 514.5, and 488 nm, with net two-beam coupling gains. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.360456
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photorefractive composite materials with bi-functional charge transporting second-order nonlinear optical chromophores (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 8920-8929 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Two bi-functional chromophores have been developed which possess second-order nonlinear optical and charge transporting properties. The second-order nonlinearity arises from conjugated structures terminated by donor and acceptor groups and the charge transporting property results from a triphenylamine moiety. The bi-functionality of the chromophores is confirmed by the large electro-optic coefficients and high photoconductivities of composites containing these chromophores. These chromophores have been incorporated into an inert polymer to form photorefractive composite materials when doped with a photocharge generation sensitizer. The electro-optic coefficients and photoconductivity of these composites have been measured as a function of the applied electric field as well as of the chromophore concentration. The dependence of the four-wave mixing diffraction efficiency, holographic grating writing rate, and two-beam coupling gain on the applied electric field and on the chromophore concentration have been evaluated. A quantitative relationship between the chromophore concentration and a number of photorefractive parameters including electro-optic coefficient, photoconductivity, four-wave mixing diffraction efficiency, and grating writing rate has been established. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362582
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photorefractive properties of a thiapyrylium-dye-sensitized polymer composite (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 671-679 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The detailed photorefractive properties of a thiapyrylium-dye-sensitized photorefractive polymeric composite are presented. The composite contains an ionic thiapyrylium dye, 4-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-2,6-diphenylthiapyrylium perchlorate, as a photocharge generation sensitizer, 4-(N,N-diethylamino)-(β)-nitrostyrene as a second-order nonlinear optical chromophore, and poly(9-vinylcarbazole) as a host polymer as well as a charge transporting agent. The electrooptic and photoconductive properties of the composite have been studied and an apparent sublinear dependence of the photoconductivity on the illumination power density has been observed. Both degenerate and nondegenerate four-wave-mixing experiments have been carried out and a holographic diffraction efficiency of 1.1% has been achieved in a 160-μm-thick film at an external field of 62.5 V/μm. A nonlocal character of the photorefractivity has been established through the asymmetric energy transfer with a gain of 7 cm−1 in a two-beam coupling experiment. The dynamics of the formation and erasure of the holographic gratings has been studied. The rise time and erasure time for the space-charge field have been measured as a function of the writing and erasure beam intensities, respectively. The sublinear character of these dependencies can be explained by the apparent sublinear photoconductivity of the composite. The dependence of the grating rise time on the applied electric field is attributed to the field dependence of both the photocharge generation quantum efficiency and the charge mobility in the polymer matrix. The application of this material to information storage and image processing has been explored with demonstrations of holographic image recording and retrieval.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.357810
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thiapyrylium dye sensitization of photorefractivity in a polymer composite (1994)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 64 (1994), S. 1908-1910 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An ionic thiapyrylium dye has been used as a photocharge sensitizer for the first time in a photorefractive polymer composite containing poly(9-vinylcarbazole) and 4-(N,N-diethylamino)- (β)-nitrostyrene. Photorefractive gratings are written at a wavelength of 703 nm and four-wave mixing diffraction efficiencies as high as 2% have been achieved in films less than 200 μm thick. Asymmetric energy transfer has been observed and a two-beam coupling gain of 7 cm−1 has been obtained. Holographic image recording and retrieving have also been demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.111739
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bifunctional chromophore for photorefractive applications (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 256-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A bifunctional chromophore has been developed which serves as a charge transporting agent as well as a second-order nonlinear optical compound. The chromophore has been incorporated into an inert polymer to form a photorefractive material when doped with a photocharge generation sensitizer. The dependence of the four-wave mixing diffraction efficiency, holographic grating writing rate, and two-beam coupling gain on the chromophore concentration has been studied. The results confirm the photorefractive character of the composite. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.114194
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photorefractive effect in a new organic system of doped nonlinear polymer (1992)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 61 (1992), S. 2132-2134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report an experimental observation of the photorefractive effect in a new polymeric system in which a nonlinear organic polymer was doped with a photosensitizer, borondiketonate (BDK), and a hole transport agent, tri-p-tolylamine (TTA). The photoconductivity and the electro-optic effect have been studied. The process of grating formation with the applied field is presented. A strong electric field dependence of the diffraction coefficient has been observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.108326
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intense sonoimplantation of atoms from gases into metals (2002)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 80 (2002), S. 2416-2418 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: It was found that various gaseous atoms can be easily implanted into metal powders under ultrasonic cavitation inside a vessel with water (H2O,D2O or a mixture thereof). Inert gases (3He, 4He, Ne, and Ar) and others (N2, air, H2, and D2) were strongly sonoimplanted into metals such as Ti, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zr, Pd, Ag, Ta, Pt, and Au, which were originally set in the vessel as foils, and were broken into ultrafine metal powders during intense ultrasonic processing. A large amount of implanted atoms was verified to exist in these powders from mass spectroscopic analyses. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1465110
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sono implantation of hydrogen and deuterium from water into metallic fine powders (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 76 (2000), S. 2472-2474 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We observed the production of hydrogenated/deuterated metallic fine powders when various metals (Pd, Ag, Ta, Pt, and Au) were irradiated in normal and heavy water by ultrasonic waves. Mass analyses of remnant metal powders revealed substantial amounts of sono-implanted hydrogen and deuterium. The deuterium implantation (D implantation) in D2O was found to be much stronger than the hydrogen implantation (H implantation) in H2O. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.126380
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Second-order nonlinear optical properties of N-(4-nitrophenyl)-(s)-prolinol-doped sol-gel-processed materials (1992)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Chemistry of materials 4 (1992), S. 851-855 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5002
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm00022a021
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