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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1984-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0022-2461
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-4803
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1998-05-01
    Print ISSN: 0022-2461
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-4803
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1996-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0969-0239
    Electronic ISSN: 1572-882X
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Springer
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1995-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0969-0239
    Electronic ISSN: 1572-882X
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Springer
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1994-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0969-0239
    Electronic ISSN: 1572-882X
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Springer
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellulose 3 (1996), S. 165-181 
    ISSN: 1572-882X
    Keywords: mercerization ; Direct Blue 1 ; dyeing ; surface area ; accessibility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The accessibility of cotton cellulose was determined after it had been mercerized both in the slack and tension states. Mercerized samples were either dried or retained in the undried state before dyeing to determine their accessibilities by the adsorption of Direct Blue 1. Samples were characterized also by techniques such as moisture adsorption, water retention value (WRV) and X-ray analysis. It appeared that the crystallinity of cotton mercerized under tension was slightly increased during dyeing. Dye adsorption increased in the order nonmercerized 〈tension-mercerized 〈slack-mercerized. Products mercerized and not dried adsorbed more dye than counterparts given the same swelling treatment but dried after mercerization. The presence of dye in a sample mercerized and undried before dyeing did not affect its crystallinity. From both the dye adsorption and WRV data it was concluded that structural collapse of the fibre is greater for the slack-mercerized product than its tension-mercerized counterpart after it is dried. It was also concluded from dye adsorption and water adsorption data that about 34% of the internal surface of cotton and mercerized cotton, available for water adsorption, is inaccessible to Direct Blue 1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellulose 2 (1995), S. 265-272 
    ISSN: 1572-882X
    Keywords: Hydrogen peroxide ; oxycellulose ; bleaching ; oxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Peroxides are important bleaching agents, industrially, for cellulosic products. They are also used in detergents. Peroxides can degrade cellulose as well as decolorize it and remove stains. Both free radicals and perhydroxyl anions have been suggested as the intermediates in the reactions occurring between cellulosic products and hydrogen peroxide. The proposed mechanisms are reviewed with emphasis primarily on cotton cellulose. Further work is required to establish unequivocally the mechanism of degradation and decolorization of cellulose products.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellulose 1 (1994), S. 205-214 
    ISSN: 1572-882X
    Keywords: heat treatment ; UV exposure ; breaking strength ; chemical changes ; color
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The changes in properties of cellulose brought about by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, heat exposure and by a combination of both treatments were determined. The methods of characterizing the changes included breaking strength, color, yellowness index, thermal analysis, dye adsorption as a measure of changes in fine structure of the fibers, and Turnbull's Blue test as an empirical measure of carboxyl content. The exposures increased the color and yellowness of the samples as well as the carboxyl content and decreased dye adsorption and breaking strength. A shift of the decomposition endotherm of cellulose to lower temperatures was also noted. It appears that, under the exposure conditions used in this study, the changes in carboxyl content, color changes, yellowness index and breaking strength induced by heat are accelerated by an initial exposure to UV light but still simulate heat ageing alone. There also appears to be a correlation between breaking strength and dye uptake.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 19 (1984), S. 82-98 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Nylon 6 fibres were irradiated with up to 60 Mrad of cobalt-60 gamma radiation in air or up to 76μC of 4.5 MeV cyclotron-accelerated protons in vacuum. The products of the irradiations were then characterized by the resulting changes in ultimate mechanical properties and in fracture morphology when tested at 21° C under selected conditions of fibre moisture content. In general, the results show a progressive deterioration of tensile properties, an increase in torsional brittleness, and a decreasing flex life, with increasing dose, and display some dependence on fibre moisture content. The effects are most pronounced in the first interval of dose; i.e. 10 Mrads gamma irradiation and 12μC of high energy protons. The rate of deterioration of these mechanical properties generally slows with subsequent dose increases. An annulus/core fracture morphology was found in the gamma-irradiated material which was not in evidence for material irradiated with protons in vacuum. The morphology of the proton-irradiated tensile breaks are characteristic of a brittle material; flex fatigue fracture surfaces were often characterized by step-like formations reminiscent of kink bands. Discussion of the data in terms of radiochemical processes, structure-property relations, and implications for accelerated ageing programs are included.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 19 (1984), S. 82-98 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Nylon 6 fibres were irradiated with up to 60 Mrad of cobalt-60 gamma radiation in air or up to 76μC of 4.5 MeV cyclotron-accelerated protons in vacuum. The products of the irradiations were then characterized by the resulting changes in ultimate mechanical properties and in fracture morphology when tested at 21° C under selected conditions of fibre moisture content. In general, the results show a progressive deterioration of tensile properties, an increase in torsional brittleness, and a decreasing flex life, with increasing dose, and display some dependence on fibre moisture content. The effects are most pronounced in the first interval of dose; i.e. 10 Mrads gamma irradiation and 12μC of high energy protons. The rate of deterioration of these mechanical properties generally slows with subsequent dose increases. An annulus/core fracture morphology was found in the gamma-irradiated material which was not in evidence for material irradiated with protons in vacuum. The morphology of the proton-irradiated tensile breaks are characteristic of a brittle material; flex fatigue fracture surfaces were often characterized by step-like formations reminiscent of kink bands. Discussion of the data in terms of radiochemical processes, structure-property relations, and implications for accelerated ageing programs are included.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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