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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of temperature, humidity and photoperiod on mortality of Mononychellus tanajoa (Acari: Tetranychidae) infected by Neozygites cf. floridana (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales) (1995)
    Springer
    Experimental and applied acarology 19 (1995), S. 571-579 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9702
    Keywords: Neozygites cf. floridana ; Mononychellus tanajoa ; mortality ; hyphal body ; capilliconidia ; temperature ; humidity ; saturation deficit ; photoperiod
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of temperature, humidity and photoperiod on the development of Neozygites cf. floridana (Weiser and Muma) in the cassava green mite, Mononychellus tanajoa (Bondar) was studied in the laboratory. Dead infected mites began to appear 2.5 days after inoculation. At 33 and 28°C peak mortalities were higher and occurred earlier (after 2.5 days), than at 23 and 18°C. Mean LT50 (time for half the infected mites to die) decreased with increasing temperature as follows: 3.9, 3.0, 2.9 and 2.5 days at 18, 23, 28 and 33°C, respectively. When placed under conditions of high relative humidity for a period of 24 h, the percentage of dead infected mites from which the fungus sporulated was highest at 28°C (51.4%) and lowest at 33°C (6.5%). The development of the fungus inside the mite was not significantly affected by ambient humidity or photoperiod. No significant interactions between tested factors were found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00048812
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of some food sources associated with cassava in Africa on the development, fecundity and longevity of Euseius fustis (Pritchard and Baker) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) (1996)
    Springer
    Experimental and applied acarology 20 (1996), S. 73-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9702
    Keywords: Cassava ; phytoseiid ; Euseius fustis ; Mononychellus tanajoa ; Oligonychus gossypii
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Various foods associated with cassava were tested for their effect on the development, fecundity and longevity of Euseius fustis, the most common phytoseiid species found on cassava in Africa. Euseius fustis developed successfully to adulthood on the spider mite prey species Mononychellus tanajoa (Bondar) and Oligonychus gossypii (Zacher) and on pollen from maize, castor bean and cassava. Euseius fustis also completed development on water-diluted phloem exudate from cassava, diluted honeydew from the cassava mealybug and on various pollen and prey combinations. When reared on Tetranychus urticae Koch prey or free water only, E. fustis did not develop past the deutonymphal stage. All larvae held on clean leaf discs on water-soaked cotton died without moulting, suggesting that E. fustis must feed in order to moult to the nymphal stages. Diets of maize plus castor bean pollen and maize pollen plus M. tanajoa resulted in the highest rate of development, the highest fecundity and the greatest longevity. Castor bean pollen alone and maize pollen alone produced a higher fecundity and greater longevity than M. tanajoa tested alone. A colony of E. fustis reared continuously for seven generations on castor bean pollen produced nine times more adult females than a colony of E. fustis reared continuously on M. tanajoa. No negative effects on the development and fecundity of E. fustis were observed after seven generations were reared on pollen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00051154
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of cassava exudate and prey densities on the survival and reproduction of Typhlodromalus limonicus (Garman & McGregor) s.l. (Acari: Phytoseiidae), a predator of the cassava green mite, Mononychellus tanajoa (Bondar) (Acari: Tetranychidae) (1994)
    Springer
    Experimental and applied acarology 18 (1994), S. 221-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9702
    Keywords: Cassava ; cassava green mite ; predators ; exudate ; Typhlodromalus limonicus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effects of cassava exudate and prey densities on reproduction and survival of the predatory mite, Typhlodromalus limonicus (Garman & McGregor) (Acari: Phytoseiidae), were investigated in the laboratory. Females were provided either cassava exudate ad lib. daily, low or high numbers of the cassava green mite prey, Mononychellus tanajoa (Bondar) (Acari: Tetranychidae) daily, or exudate for 5 or 10 days before switching to a low or high prey diet. Females fed only exudate laid no eggs. Females fed exudate before prey experienced a significant decrease (30%) in the number of eggs laid compared to females fed high numbers of prey daily. The reduction in fecundity was the result of prolonged preoviposition periods (2.0 days on prey daily vs 4.0 days on exudate before prey) and reduced number of eggs laid per female per day (1.7 eggs per female per day on prey daily vs 0.4 eggs per female per day on exudate before prey). Females fed only exudate had a greater survival rate and longevity than females fed prey daily or females fed exudate before a diet of prey. These results suggest that T. limonicus can survice for a limited period on cassava exudate during periods of low prey availability, but requires prey to complete oögenesis and propagate the population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00114169
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoperiod and temperature studies to determine whether diapause is found in successive generations of the African phytoseiid, Euseius fustis (Pritchard and Baker) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) (1995)
    Springer
    Experimental and applied acarology 19 (1995), S. 465-472 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9702
    Keywords: Cassava green mite ; Phytoseiidae ; Euseius fustis ; aestival diapause
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Photoperiod and temperature conditions known to induce diapause in tropical arthropods were tested on two generations (G0 and G1) of the phytoseiid, Euseius fustis. Failure to lay eggs or a pre-oviposition period longer than 15 days were the criteria used to determine whether females were in diapause. Females reared from egg to adult and held throughout adult life under cyclic temperatures of 29/20°C in combination with long photophases of 16L: 8D and 14L: 10D showed no indication of aestival diapause. Similarly, hibernal diapause was not induced in females reared under a constant temperature of 18°C and a photophase of 8L: 16D. Under the various test conditions, females initiated oviposition within an average of 4 days. Overall, pre-oviposition patterns for G0 and G1 females were similar under the same test conditions. Reproductive patterns based on the mean number of eggs per female per day varied only slightly between generations for the same treatments. No behavioural or morphological attributes associated with diapause were observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00048265
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Survival of Neozygites cf. floridana (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales) in mummified cassava green mites and the viability of its primary conidia (1995)
    Springer
    Experimental and applied acarology 19 (1995), S. 479-488 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9702
    Keywords: Neozygites cf. floridana ; Mononychellus tanajoa ; mummy ; survival ; primary conidia ; germination ; viability ; temperature ; humidity ; saturation deficit ; light condition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The survival of Neozygites cf. floridana (Weiser and Muma) as dry hyphal bodies in mummified cassava green mites, Mononychellus tanajoa (Bondar), at 5.0% RH in the dark was affected by storage temperature. Survival of the fungus in mummies kept at 24±1.0°C could be demonstrated for 6–7 months. When stored at 4°C, the fungus sporulated from 90% of the mummies liberating an average of 186.9 primary conidia per mummy even after a storage period of 16 months, when the experiment was terminated. The temperature, humidity and light condition significantly affected the viability of primary conidia. The percent viability across all factors dropped from 98.4% after 0 h (beginning of the experiment) to 23.4% after a 1 h exposure to the conditions tested. Lower temperatures maintained higher viabilities with 86.3% of the conidia surviving after 18 h at 18°C, whereas almost all conidia died after 12 h at 33°C. Conidia survived less than 1 h when exposed to SDs (saturation deficit) of 2.0 mm Hg or higher at any tested temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00052916
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