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  • 1
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    Carrier dynamics in femtosecond-laser-excited bismuth telluride (2016)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-29
    Description: Author(s): J. L. Wang, L. Guo, C. Ling, Y. M. Song, X. F. Xu, Z. H. Ni, and Y. F. Chen The carrier dynamics of B i 2 T e 3 is studied using the femtosecond pump-probe technique. Three distinct processes, including free carrier absorption, band filling, and electron-hole recombination, are found to contribute to the reflectivity changes. The two-temperature model is used to describe the int… [Phys. Rev. B 93, 155306] Published Thu Apr 28, 2016
    Keywords: Semiconductors II: surfaces, interfaces, microstructures, and related topics
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 2
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    Digital cameras with designs inspired by the arthropod eye (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-03
    Description: In arthropods, evolution has created a remarkably sophisticated class of imaging systems, with a wide-angle field of view, low aberrations, high acuity to motion and an infinite depth of field. A challenge in building digital cameras with the hemispherical, compound apposition layouts of arthropod eyes is that essential design requirements cannot be met with existing planar sensor technologies or conventional optics. Here we present materials, mechanics and integration schemes that afford scalable pathways to working, arthropod-inspired cameras with nearly full hemispherical shapes (about 160 degrees). Their surfaces are densely populated by imaging elements (artificial ommatidia), which are comparable in number (180) to those of the eyes of fire ants (Solenopsis fugax) and bark beetles (Hylastes nigrinus). The devices combine elastomeric compound optical elements with deformable arrays of thin silicon photodetectors into integrated sheets that can be elastically transformed from the planar geometries in which they are fabricated to hemispherical shapes for integration into apposition cameras. Our imaging results and quantitative ray-tracing-based simulations illustrate key features of operation. These general strategies seem to be applicable to other compound eye devices, such as those inspired by moths and lacewings (refracting superposition eyes), lobster and shrimp (reflecting superposition eyes), and houseflies (neural superposition eyes).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Song, Young Min -- Xie, Yizhu -- Malyarchuk, Viktor -- Xiao, Jianliang -- Jung, Inhwa -- Choi, Ki-Joong -- Liu, Zhuangjian -- Park, Hyunsung -- Lu, Chaofeng -- Kim, Rak-Hwan -- Li, Rui -- Crozier, Kenneth B -- Huang, Yonggang -- Rogers, John A -- England -- Nature. 2013 May 2;497(7447):95-9. doi: 10.1038/nature12083.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23636401" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ants/anatomy & histology ; Arthropods/*anatomy & histology ; Beetles/anatomy & histology ; Biomimetic Materials/chemistry ; *Biomimetics ; Compound Eye, Arthropod/*anatomy & histology ; Endoscopes ; Optics and Photonics/*instrumentation ; Photography/*instrumentation ; Silicon
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    A physically transient form of silicon electronics (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-09-29
    Description: A remarkable feature of modern silicon electronics is its ability to remain physically invariant, almost indefinitely for practical purposes. Although this characteristic is a hallmark of applications of integrated circuits that exist today, there might be opportunities for systems that offer the opposite behavior, such as implantable devices that function for medically useful time frames but then completely disappear via resorption by the body. We report a set of materials, manufacturing schemes, device components, and theoretical design tools for a silicon-based complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology that has this type of transient behavior, together with integrated sensors, actuators, power supply systems, and wireless control strategies. An implantable transient device that acts as a programmable nonantibiotic bacteriocide provides a system-level example.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3786576/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3786576/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hwang, Suk-Won -- Tao, Hu -- Kim, Dae-Hyeong -- Cheng, Huanyu -- Song, Jun-Kyul -- Rill, Elliott -- Brenckle, Mark A -- Panilaitis, Bruce -- Won, Sang Min -- Kim, Yun-Soung -- Song, Young Min -- Yu, Ki Jun -- Ameen, Abid -- Li, Rui -- Su, Yewang -- Yang, Miaomiao -- Kaplan, David L -- Zakin, Mitchell R -- Slepian, Marvin J -- Huang, Yonggang -- Omenetto, Fiorenzo G -- Rogers, John A -- EB002520/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- P41 EB002520/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Sep 28;337(6102):1640-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23019646" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Absorbable Implants ; Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Electric Power Supplies ; *Electronics ; Metals ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Oxides ; *Semiconductors ; *Silicon ; Transistors, Electronic ; Wireless Technology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Injectable, cellular-scale optoelectronics with applications for wireless optogenetics (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-13
    Description: Successful integration of advanced semiconductor devices with biological systems will accelerate basic scientific discoveries and their translation into clinical technologies. In neuroscience generally, and in optogenetics in particular, the ability to insert light sources, detectors, sensors, and other components into precise locations of the deep brain yields versatile and important capabilities. Here, we introduce an injectable class of cellular-scale optoelectronics that offers such features, with examples of unmatched operational modes in optogenetics, including completely wireless and programmed complex behavioral control over freely moving animals. The ability of these ultrathin, mechanically compliant, biocompatible devices to afford minimally invasive operation in the soft tissues of the mammalian brain foreshadow applications in other organ systems, with potential for broad utility in biomedical science and engineering.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3769938/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3769938/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kim, Tae-il -- McCall, Jordan G -- Jung, Yei Hwan -- Huang, Xian -- Siuda, Edward R -- Li, Yuhang -- Song, Jizhou -- Song, Young Min -- Pao, Hsuan An -- Kim, Rak-Hwan -- Lu, Chaofeng -- Lee, Sung Dan -- Song, Il-Sun -- Shin, Gunchul -- Al-Hasani, Ream -- Kim, Stanley -- Tan, Meng Peun -- Huang, Yonggang -- Omenetto, Fiorenzo G -- Rogers, John A -- Bruchas, Michael R -- R00 DA025182/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R00DA025182/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS081707/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01NS081707/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 12;340(6129):211-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1232437.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23580530" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; Brain/*physiology ; *Brain Mapping/instrumentation/methods ; Electric Stimulation ; Electrophysiological Phenomena ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Mice ; Microelectrodes ; Miniaturization ; Neurons/*physiology ; *Optogenetics ; Photic Stimulation ; *Semiconductors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Ab initio studies on phonon, dielectric and piezoelectric responses in perovskite-like BiAlO3 (2017)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-27
    Description: Ab initio method was used to explore the phonon, dielectric and piezoelectric responses mechanism of the R 3c phase BiAlO 3 with rhombohedral structure by the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) of density function theory (DFT) and density functional perturbation theory (DFPT) using the plane wave (PAW) method of VASP code. The lattice parameters which calculated from the stability of the structure are consistent with the existing experimental data. The micro-mechanism of dielectric and piezoelectric response was explored. Through the analysis and research, it can be seen that the large values of dielectric element ε 11 and piezoelectric element e 26 are basically due to low frequency infrared (IR) active phonons (ω λ = 1.561 and 1.962 THz) with E irreducible representation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 1546-542X
    Electronic ISSN: 1744-7402
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Wiley
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  • 6
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    Soil Moisture Memory and Its Effect on the Surface Water and Heat Fluxes on Seasonal and Interannual Time Scales (2019)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract The persistence of soil moisture anomalies has an important effect on the weather and climate forecasts. Numerous observational and modeling studies have addressed the memory of soil moisture anomalies and its effects at the seasonal scale, and few studies have focused on the interannual scale. This study investigates the soil moisture memory and its effect on the surface heat and water fluxes under different atmospheric conditions on seasonal and interannual scales using the Community Land Model Version 4.5 driven by the observations at the Tongyu site. The results indicate that the soil moisture anomalies can persist for more than 1 year. It was found that the decay rate of soil moisture anomalies depends mainly on initial soil moisture anomalies, followed by atmospheric condition in this study. Under the same atmospheric condition, the wet anomalies of soil moisture decay faster than dry anomalies of soil moisture. With the same initial soil moisture anomalies, soil moisture memory is usually shorter under the wet atmospheric condition. Moreover, the soil moisture anomalies have an obvious exponential decrease over the years. The anomalies of the surface heat fluxes have significant interannual attenuation trend and seasonal variations, and they are closely related to the anomalies of surface temperature, which are mainly affected by the anomalies of soil specific heat capacity. This study provides a scientific support for understanding the persistence of soil moisture anomalies, and it may be useful for the research on the seasonal and interannual variability of climate.
    Print ISSN: 2169-897X
    Electronic ISSN: 2169-8996
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of isocyanates on the crystallinity and thermal stability of polyurethanes (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 62 (1996), S. 827-834 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polyurethanes were synthesized from polyester and butanediol with three different diisocyanates, i.e., 4,4´-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), m-xylene diisocyanate (XDI), and 2,4-toluene diiscynate (TDI). The effect of chemical structures of diisocyate compounds on the degree of crystallinity and the thermal stability were observed. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) were used to determine the degree of crystallinity of the hard segment. The thermal degradation of polyurethanes was studied by the thermogravimetric method. It has been shown that the polyurethane hard-segment crystallinity decreases in the following order: MDI〉 XDI〉 TDI〉. The experimental results also indicated that polyurethanes with aralkyl diisocyanates, i.e., XDI, had the best thermal stability. The polyurethanes synthesized from aromatic diisocyanates, i.e., MDI and TDI, had worse thermal stability than from XDI. However, owing to the higher degree of hard-segment crystallinity for polyurethanes from MDI, these polyurethanes had a better thermal stability than those based on TDI. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 8
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    Carrier dynamics in femtosecond-laser-excited bismuth telluride (2016)
    American Physical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-28
    Print ISSN: 2469-9950
    Electronic ISSN: 2469-9969
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society
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  • 9
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    Priming of rice antiherbivore defense by silicon [Ecology] (2013)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-18
    Description: Although the function of silicon (Si) in plant physiology has long been debated, its beneficial effects on plant resistance against abiotic and biotic stresses, including insect herbivory, have been well documented. In addition, the jasmonate (JA) signaling pathway plays a crucial role in mediating antiherbivore defense responses in plants. However,...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 10
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    Cascades in a hierarchical network [Applied Physical Sciences] (2013)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-01-16
    Description: When you reach with your straw for the final drops of a milkshake, the liquid forms a train of plugs that flow slowly initially because of the high viscosity. They then suddenly rupture and are replaced with a rapid airflow with the characteristic slurping sound. Trains of liquid plugs also...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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