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  • 1
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    Astrocyte scar formation aids central nervous system axon regeneration (2016)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-31
    Description: Transected axons fail to regrow in the mature central nervous system. Astrocytic scars are widely regarded as causal in this failure. Here, using three genetically targeted loss-of-function manipulations in adult mice, we show that preventing astrocyte scar formation, attenuating scar-forming astrocytes, or ablating chronic astrocytic scars all failed to result in spontaneous regrowth of transected corticospinal, sensory or serotonergic axons through severe spinal cord injury (SCI) lesions. By contrast, sustained local delivery via hydrogel depots of required axon-specific growth factors not present in SCI lesions, plus growth-activating priming injuries, stimulated robust, laminin-dependent sensory axon regrowth past scar-forming astrocytes and inhibitory molecules in SCI lesions. Preventing astrocytic scar formation significantly reduced this stimulated axon regrowth. RNA sequencing revealed that astrocytes and non-astrocyte cells in SCI lesions express multiple axon-growth-supporting molecules. Our findings show that contrary to the prevailing dogma, astrocyte scar formation aids rather than prevents central nervous system axon regeneration.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Anderson, Mark A -- Burda, Joshua E -- Ren, Yilong -- Ao, Yan -- O'Shea, Timothy M -- Kawaguchi, Riki -- Coppola, Giovanni -- Khakh, Baljit S -- Deming, Timothy J -- Sofroniew, Michael V -- MH099559A/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH104069/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS057624/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS060677/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS084030/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P30 NS062691/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2016 Apr 14;532(7598):195-200. doi: 10.1038/nature17623. Epub 2016 Mar 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1763, USA. ; Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1761, USA. ; Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1751, USA. ; Departments of Bioengineering, Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1600, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27027288" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Astrocytes/*pathology ; Axons/*physiology ; Central Nervous System/cytology/*pathology/*physiology ; Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans/biosynthesis ; Cicatrix/*pathology/prevention & control ; Female ; Genomics ; Mice ; *Models, Biological ; *Nerve Regeneration ; Reproducibility of Results ; Spinal Cord Injuries/genetics/pathology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    Simulated cold bias being improved by using MODIS time-varying albedo in the Tibetan Plateau in WRF model (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-04-07
    Description: Systematic cold biases exist in the simulation for 2 m air temperature in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) when using regional climate models and global atmospheric general circulation models. We updated the albedo in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model lower boundary condition using the Global LAnd Surface Satellite Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer albedo products and demonstrated evident improvement for cold temperature biases in the TP. It is the large overestimation of albedo in winter and spring in the WRF model that resulted in the large cold temperature biases. The overestimated albedo was caused by the simulated precipitation biases and over-parameterization of snow albedo. Furthermore, light-absorbing aerosols can result in a large reduction of albedo in snow and ice cover. The results suggest the necessity of developing snow albedo parameterization using observations in the TP, where snow cover and melting are very different from other low-elevation r...
    Print ISSN: 1748-9318
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-9326
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 3
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    Latest Paleoproterozoic (ca. 1.8–1.6 Ga) extensional tectonic setting in the Dunhuang terrane, NW China: Evidence from geochronological and geochemical investigations on A-type granite and metamafic rock (2019)
    Geological Society of America (GSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈span〉Latest Paleoproterozoic (ca. 1.8–1.6 Ga) magmatic rocks outcrop in the Dunhuang terrane, represented by A-type granites and mafic (basaltic) rocks that have metamorphosed into amphibolites. The A-type granites, emplaced at ca. 1.79–1.77 Ga, are geochemically characterized by high Na〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O + K〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O, Fe〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉〈sup〉T〈/sup〉, Zr, Nb, and Ce contents, as well as high Fe〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉〈sup〉T〈/sup〉/( Fe〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉〈sup〉T〈/sup〉 + MgO) and Ga/Al ratios. Furthermore, they have Nb/Ta, Y/Nb, Rb/Nb, and Sc/Nb ratios of 12.10–15.56, 1.45–1.79, 3.52–6.51, and 0.11–0.19, respectively, showing affinity to A〈sub〉2〈/sub〉-type granite. The A-type granites have negative ε〈sub〉Nd〈/sub〉(〈span〉t〈/span〉) values (-5.4 to -4.8) with Neoarchean depleted mantle (〈span〉T〈/span〉〈sub〉DM2〈/sub〉) ages (2591–2494 Ma), corresponding to coupling between ε〈sub〉Hf〈/sub〉(〈span〉t〈/span〉) values (-4.85 to -0.92) and (〈span〉T〈/span〉〈sub〉DM2〈/sub〉 ages (2817–2556 Ma) of zircons. Therefore, the A-type granite pluton was mostly generated by partial melting of Neoarchean tonalitic to granodioritic basement rocks of the Dunhuang Complex in a postcollisional tectonic setting following a late Paleoproterozoic continent-continent collisional event. The metamafic rocks have a protolith age of 1605 ± 45 Ma and metamorphic age of 317 ± 20 Ma, indicating a Paleozoic tectonic event. The metamafic rock samples are geochemically characterized by relatively high alkali (Na〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O + K〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O = 4.39–4.81 wt%) contents and low Nb/Y (0.63–0.66) ratios, and they show steep rare earth element (REE) patterns with light REE enrichment and insignificant Eu anomalies and Nb-Ta, Zr-Hf, and Ti anomalies, resembling subalkaline oceanic-island basalt affinity. They have positive ε〈sub〉Nd〈/sub〉(〈span〉t〈/span〉) values (+0.8 to +1.8) close to the chondrite evolutionary line and variable ε〈sub〉Hf〈/sub〉(〈span〉t〈/span〉) values (-1.09 to +9.06) of zircons. Hence, the protolith of the metamafic rocks may have been produced by magma mixing processes between a depleted mantle source and a metasomatized lithospheric mantle source during the initial rifting stage in an extensional setting, completing the formation of the Precambrian Dunhuang Complex. Considering the ca. 1.85–1.80 Ga regional metamorphism in the Dunhuang terrane, the latest Paleoproterozoic (ca. 1.8–1.6 Ga) A〈sub〉2〈/sub〉-type granitic magmatism and mafic magmatism documented the postorogenic to initial rifting processes following the global-scale late Paleoproterozoic collisional event, which is comparable with ca. 1.80–1.67 Ga postcollisional and ca. 1.60–1.53 Ga anorogenic magmatism in the North China craton, but different from that of the Tarim craton.〈/span〉
    Print ISSN: 1941-8264
    Electronic ISSN: 1947-4253
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of America (GSA)
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  • 4
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    Latest Paleoproterozoic (ca. 1.8–1.6 Ga) extensional tectonic setting in the Dunhuang terrane, NW China: Evidence from geochronological and geochemical investigations on A-type granite and metamafic rock (2019)
    Geological Society of America (GSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈span〉〈div〉Abstract〈/div〉Latest Paleoproterozoic (ca. 1.8–1.6 Ga) magmatic rocks outcrop in the Dunhuang terrane, represented by A-type granites and mafic (basaltic) rocks that have metamorphosed into amphibolites. The A-type granites, emplaced at ca. 1.79–1.77 Ga, are geochemically characterized by high Na〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O + K〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O, Fe〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉〈sup〉T〈/sup〉, Zr, Nb, and Ce contents, as well as high Fe〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉〈sup〉T〈/sup〉/(Fe〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉〈sup〉T〈/sup〉 + MgO) and Ga/Al ratios. Furthermore, they have Nb/Ta, Y/Nb, Rb/Nb, and Sc/Nb ratios of 12.10–15.56, 1.45–1.79, 3.52–6.51, and 0.11–0.19, respectively, showing affinity to A〈sub〉2〈/sub〉-type granite. The A-type granites have negative ε〈sub〉Nd〈/sub〉(〈span〉t〈/span〉) values (−5.4 to −4.8) with Neoarchean depleted mantle (〈span〉T〈/span〉〈sub〉DM2〈/sub〉) ages (2591–2494 Ma), corresponding to coupling between ε〈sub〉Hf〈/sub〉(〈span〉t〈/span〉) values (−4.85 to -0.92) and 〈span〉T〈/span〉〈sub〉DM2〈/sub〉 ages (2817–2556 Ma) of zircons. Therefore, the A-type granite pluton was mostly generated by partial melting of Neoarchean tonalitic to granodioritic basement rocks of the Dunhuang Complex in a postcollisional tectonic setting following a late Paleoproterozoic continent-continent collisional event. The metamafic rocks have a protolith age of 1605 ± 45 Ma and metamorphic age of 317 ± 20 Ma, indicating a Paleozoic tectonic event. The metamafic rock samples are geochemically characterized by relatively high alkali (Na〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O + K〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O = 4.39–4.81 wt%) contents and low Nb/Y (0.63–0.66) ratios, and they show steep rare earth element (REE) patterns with light REE enrichment and insignificant Eu anomalies and Nb-Ta, Zr-Hf, and Ti anomalies, resembling subalkaline oceanic-island basalt affinity. They have positive ε〈sub〉Nd〈/sub〉(〈span〉t〈/span〉) values (+0.8 to +1.8) close to the chondrite evolutionary line and variable ε〈sub〉Hf〈/sub〉(〈span〉t〈/span〉) values (-1.09 to +9.06) of zircons. Hence, the protolith of the metamafic rocks may have been produced by magma mixing processes between a depleted mantle source and a metasomatized lithospheric mantle source during the initial rifting stage in an extensional setting, completing the formation of the Precambrian Dunhuang Complex. Considering the ca. 1.85–1.80 Ga regional metamorphism in the Dunhuang terrane, the latest Paleoproterozoic (ca. 1.8–1.6 Ga) A〈sub〉2〈/sub〉-type granitic magmatism and mafic magmatism documented the postorogenic to initial rifting processes following the global-scale late Paleoproterozoic collisional event, which is comparable with ca. 1.80–1.67 Ga postcollisional and ca. 1.60–1.53 Ga anorogenic magmatism in the North China craton, but different from that of the Tarim craton.〈/span〉
    Print ISSN: 1941-8264
    Electronic ISSN: 1947-4253
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of America (GSA)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formation and structure of [Co{Ph"2PN(^iBu)PPh"2-P,P'}"2(CO)][Co)(CO)"4] - a cage molecule-pair or an ion-pair complex?
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 470 (1994), S. 223-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-328X
    Keywords: Cage compound ; Carbonyl ; Cobalt ; Phosphazane
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0022-328X(94)80170-3
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  • 6
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    PTEN dosage is essential for neurofibroma development and malignant transformation (2009)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-10-21
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 7
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    Neuroprotection mediated through estrogen receptor-  in astrocytes (2011)
    National Academy of Sciences
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    Publication Date: 2011-05-09
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 8
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    Lamin A buffers CK2 kinase activity to modulate aging in a progeria mouse model. (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Defective nuclear lamina protein lamin A is associated with premature aging. Casein kinase 2 (CK2) binds the nuclear lamina, and inhibiting CK2 activity induces cellular senescence in cancer cells. Thus, it is feasible that lamin A and CK2 may cooperate in the aging process. Nuclear CK2 localization relies on lamin A and the lamin A carboxyl terminus physically interacts with the CK2α catalytic core and inhibits its kinase activity. Loss of lamin A in 〈i〉Lmna〈/i〉-knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) confers increased CK2 activity. Conversely, prelamin A that accumulates in 〈i〉Zmpste24〈/i〉-deficent MEFs exhibits a high CK2α binding affinity and concomitantly reduces CK2 kinase activity. Permidine treatment activates CK2 by releasing the interaction between lamin A and CK2, promoting DNA damage repair and ameliorating progeroid features. These data reveal a previously unidentified function for nuclear lamin A and highlight an essential role for CK2 in regulating senescence and aging. 〈/p〉
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Neuroprotection mediated through estrogen receptor-{alpha} in astrocytes [Neuroscience] (2011)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-05-25
    Description: Estrogen has well-documented neuroprotective effects in a variety of clinical and experimental disorders of the CNS, including autoimmune inflammation, traumatic injury, stroke, and neurodegenerative diseases. The beneficial effects of estrogens in CNS disorders include mitigation of clinical symptoms, as well as attenuation of histopathological signs of neurodegeneration and inflammation. The cellular mechanisms that underlie these CNS effects of estrogens are uncertain, because a number of different cell types express estrogen receptors in the peripheral immune system and the CNS. Here, we investigated the potential roles of two endogenous CNS cell types in estrogen-mediated neuroprotection. We selectively deleted estrogen receptor-α (ERα) from either neurons or astrocytes using well-characterized Cre-loxP systems for conditional gene knockout in mice, and studied the effects of these conditional gene deletions on ERα ligand-mediated neuroprotective effects in a well-characterized model of adoptive experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We found that the pronounced and significant neuroprotective effects of systemic treatment with ERα ligand on clinical function, CNS inflammation, and axonal loss during EAE were completely prevented by conditional deletion of ERα from astrocytes, whereas conditional deletion of ERα from neurons had no significant effect. These findings show that signaling through ERα in astrocytes, but not through ERα in neurons, is essential for the beneficial effects of ERα ligand in EAE. Our findings reveal a unique cellular mechanism for estrogen-mediated CNS neuroprotective effects by signaling through astrocytes, and have implications for understanding the pathophysiology of sex hormone effects in diverse CNS disorders.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 10
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    Intra-articular delivery of anti-Hif-2α siRNA by chondrocyte-homing nanoparticles to prevent cartilage degeneration in arthritic mice (2015)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-16
    Print ISSN: 0969-7128
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-5462
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer Nature
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