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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of mechanical properties for dense and porous polymer films having a low dielectric constant (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 88 (2000), S. 5744-5750 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We measured the mechanical properties of dense and porous polymeric films, the modified polyarylethers, which have a low dielectric constant varying from 2.7 to 1.8, by combining three different methods; membrane bulge test, nanoindentation, and single-substrate bending beam method. The elastic modulus and initial stress measured from these three methods are in good agreement. The substrate effect was observed in the measurements by nanoindentation. Data obtained by nanoindentation show a significant dependence on the film thickness and the displacement depth of the indenter. However, the hardness of the low dielectric constant thin film does not depend on thickness and only slightly depends on the indentation depth. A tentative analysis is proposed to explain the results. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1287756
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New low temperature multiphase ferroelectric films (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 6341-6348 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This article describes the low-temperature synthesis of new multiphase ferroelectrics containing an inorganic ferroelectric phase entrapped in amorphous silica or in an organically modified silicate (ormosil). Sol gel derived LiNbO3 and BaTiO3 crystals were grown in SiO2 and in RSiO1.5 glass where R contains a chromophore (TDP) insensitive to hydrolysis and condensation reactions. The LiNbO3–SiO2 and BaTiO3–SiO2 compositions as well as the TDP–LiNbO3–SiO2 and TDP–BaTiO3–SiO2 ormosils exhibit ferroelectric-like properties. This unusual characteristic is due to the presence of small, partially ordered crystallites of the ferroelectric, dispersed in the amorphous matrix. In addition to their ferroelectric properties, the ormosils also exhibit interesting optical characteristics: the TDP–BaTiO3–SiO2 materials are red, whereas the TDP–LiNbO3–SiO2 are yellow. The materials described in this article are representative of two new classes of weak ferroelectrics. In the first class, a ferroelectric is dispersed in an amorphous matrix. The second class may be called "organically-modified crystals": small ferroelectric crystals embedded in an organically modified matrix. The fabrication of such materials is possible for inorganic crystalline phases forming at temperatures below the decomposition temperature of the organic (about 250 °C). This article also contains some theoretical considerations explaining why these materials, although amorphous by x-ray diffraction, exhibit ferroelectric-like properties. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1364647
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ferroelectric and pyroelectric properties of strontium barium niobate films prepared by the sol-gel method (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 1763-1765 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Thin films of Sr0.6Ba0.4Nb2O6 on silicon and fused silica substrates have been prepared by the sol-gel method. The dense, transparent, and crack-free films were fabricated by the dipping and then firing at a temperature of 700 °C. Ferroelectric properties were confirmed by P-E hysteresis loops. The refractive index and optical transmission were measured. The temperature variation of the dielectric constant was obtained. The pyroelectric coefficient at room temperature was found to be 2×10−8 C/cm2 K.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.347226
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The self-biased heterojunction effect of ferroelectric thin film on silicon substrate (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 67 (1990), S. 2985-2991 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Several ferroelectric thin films with n-type or p-type conductivity, including undoped and doped lead zirconate titanate, barium titanate, strontium barium niobate, and potassium niobate, as well as lead barium niobate, were made on silicon single-crystal substrates by the sol-gel process. Self-biased heterojunction effects were observed in both p-ferroelectric thin film on n-silicon and n-ferroelectric thin film on p-silicon by the measurement of current-voltage characteristics. It has been observed that either p-n junction or n-p junction in the ferroelectric-semiconductor systems behave like a rectifying diode. However, the junction effect is weak in the p-ferroelectric thin film on p-silicon system. A physical model based on the consideration of energy-band theory has been constructed in explaining this effect. Possible applications of this effect are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.345420
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermodynamic studies of the orthorhombic–tetragonal transition in Ba2YCu3O7−δ (1988)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 53 (1988), S. 2710-2712 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The superconducting oxide Ba2YCu3O7−δ is known to exist in two crystallographic structures, being orthorhombic or, at higher temperature, tetragonal. Thermogravimetric experiments have been performed to study their transition at different oxygen partial pressures. Weight loss curves, recorded by heating samples at various constant rates, each exhibit two inflection points. In our interpretation, such points delimit the regime within which the two structural phases coexist. Limiting values of temperature at these points, calculated by extrapolation to zero heating rates, and the corresponding magnitudes of oxygen nonstoichiometry are presented. Such data have basic significance as well as relevance to the thermal processing of materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.100553
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dielectric property and microstructure of a porous polymer material with ultralow dielectric constant (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 75 (1999), S. 853-855 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This letter reports the synthesis and dielectric properties of a porous poly(arylethers) material with an ultralow dielectric constant for interlayer dielectric applications in microelectronics. The porous polymer films were fabricated by a method of organic phase separation and evaporation. A dielectric constant of 1.8 was achieved for a porous film with an estimated porosity of 40%. The characterization of microstucture for the porous film showed numerous nanopores with an average size of 3 nm distributed uniformly throughout the film. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.124535
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of Gaseous Molecules by Capacitance Variation in Organically Modified Silicate (Ormosil) Films (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of sol gel science and technology 11 (1998), S. 67-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4846
    Keywords: gas sensor ; capacitor system ; Ormosil film ; Karhunen-Loeve expansion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The sorption properties of organically modified silicates (Ormosil) and Ormosil/TEOS films were investigated using a capacitor system. The accuracy of the capacitance measurement was less than 0.05 pF. The capacitance variation obtained was converted to a form of the partition coefficient which is related to the sorption property of the detector materials. The sorption properties can be explained by the reactivity of hydrogen-bonds of the chemical groups in Ormosils. The Karhunen-Loeve expansion, which is a pattern recognition technique, was used to obtain information on the hydrogen-bonding interaction between Ormosils, Ormosil/TEOS and four different gases. The character of the sorption properties of Ormosils varied widely from basic (amino and cyano groups) to acidic (silanol group). The patterns of 4 Ormosils and TEOS from the viewpoint of the acidity and basicity are similar to those shown by other organic detection-coatings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008688917552
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and Characterization of PbS Quantum Dots Doped Ormocers (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of sol gel science and technology 17 (2000), S. 37-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4846
    Keywords: sol-gel ; ormocers ; films ; quantum dots ; PbS
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A new method for the preparation of semiconductor PbS quantum dot-doped Ormocer (Organically Modified Ceramic) has been developed. The Ormocer matrix was prepared through the hydrolysis and condensation of alkoxysilane precursors (sol-gel process). Formation of PbS particles took place in the porous Ormocer through H2S gas reaction with a lead precursor incorporated at the solution stage. Control of the PbS dot size was achieved through the use of organically substituted trifunctional silanes. Particle formation and growth was studied under different experimental conditions (e.g. temperature and lead precursor concentrations) where nucleation and aggregation processes occurred. Determination of the average particle size was done by XRD. Transmission electron microscopy was also used to determine particle diameter as well as particle size distribution. Optical absorption spectra were measured at the UV-VIS wavelength range. Absorption edge blue shifts showed the quantum confinement effect in these materials. The non-hydrolyzed groups bonded to the silane prevented uncontrolled nucleation and aggregation during the particle formation and growth, i.e. at the solution stage by the homogeneous distribution of the Pb salts or at the xerogel state by the capping of the growing particles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008704920403
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ferroelectric Materials by the Sol-Gel Method (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of sol gel science and technology 8 (1997), S. 673-679 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4846
    Keywords: ferroelectric materials ; polycrystalline films ; single crystal films
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The sol-gel method is ideally suitable for the preparation of ferroelectric thin films such as LiNbO3, BaTiO3, KNbO3 and PZT. The preparation and properties of polycrystalline, amorphous and single crystal films of these ferroelectric oxides are summarized. The origin of “amorphous ferroelectricity” is discussed. Single crystal KNbO3 films have been successfully fabricated into planar waveguides and their ability to convert infrared laser into green light demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018336713418
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ferroelectric materials by the sol-gel method (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of sol gel science and technology 8 (1997), S. 673-679 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4846
    Keywords: ferroelectric materials ; polycrystalline films ; single crystal films
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The sol-gel method is ideally suitable for the preparation of ferroelectric thin films such as LiNbO3, BaTiO3, KNbO3 and PZT. The preparation and properties of polycrystalline, amorphous and single crystal films of these ferroelectric oxides are summarized. The origin of “amorphous ferroelectricity” is discussed. Single crystal KNbO3 films have been successfully fabricated into planar waveguides and their ability to convert infrared laser into green light demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02436921
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