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  • 1
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    Lensless imaging by entangled photons from quadratic nonlinear photonic crystals (2012)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-06
    Description: Author(s): P. Xu, H. Y. Leng, Z. H. Zhu, Y. F. Bai, H. Jin, Y. X. Gong, X. Q. Yu, Z. D. Xie, S. Y. Mu, and S. N. Zhu Lenses play a key role in quantum imaging but inevitably constrain the spatial resolution and working wavelength. In this work we develop and demonstrate a lensless quantum ghost imaging by engineering quadratic nonlinear photonic crystals. With a transverse parabolic domain modulation introduced in... [Phys. Rev. A 86, 013805] Published Thu Jul 05, 2012
    Keywords: Quantum optics, physics of lasers, nonlinear optics, classical optics
    Print ISSN: 1050-2947
    Electronic ISSN: 1094-1622
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 2
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    White-dwarf + main-sequence binaries identified from the ninth data release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-12
    Description: We have identified 227 new spectroscopic white-dwarf + main-sequence (WDMS) binaries from the ninth data release (DR9) of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). The SDSS spectra of the newly found WDMS binaries with a DA white dwarf and an M-dwarf are analysed based on a spectral decomposition/fitting method. We obtain the effective temperatures, surface gravities and masses of the white dwarf, together with the spectral types and metallicities of the secondary star. Two independent distance estimates are derived from the flux-scaling factors between the WDMS SDSS spectra and the white dwarf and M-dwarf model spectra. We find that about 25 per cent of the newly found WDMS binaries show a significant discrepancy between the two distance estimates. This might be caused by the effects of M-dwarf stellar activity or irradiation of the M-dwarf companions by the white dwarf. The stellar parameter distributions are used to investigate the global properties of the newly found WDMS binaries. We find that the WDMS binaries with a low signal-to-noise ratio (S/N ≤ 4.0) usually have a massive DA white dwarf component with a higher surface gravity, and the metallicity is usually significantly different from solar. This suggests that the observational selection effects and the spectral S/N of the WDMS binaries have a significant influence on the determinations of these physical parameters of WDMS binaries.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    A 14 × 14 μm2 footprint polarization-encoded quantum controlled-NOT gate based on hybrid waveguide (2016)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-06
    Description: Article Photonic circuits often require separate components to manipulate light with orthogonal polarization, but this increases the chip size. Here, the authors create a polarization-dependent beam-splitter that uses dielectric loaded plasmonic waveguides to handle both polarizations in the same component. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms11490 Authors: S. M. Wang, Q. Q. Cheng, Y. X. Gong, P. Xu, C. Sun, L. Li, T. Li, S. N. Zhu
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 4
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    Kaleidoscope of quantum phases in a long-range interacting spin-1 chain (2016)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-12
    Description: Author(s): Z.-X. Gong, M. F. Maghrebi, A. Hu, M. Foss-Feig, P. Richerme, C. Monroe, and A. V. Gorshkov Motivated directly by recent trapped-ion quantum simulation experiments, we carry out a comprehensive study of the phase diagram of a spin-1 chain with XXZ-type interactions that decay as 1 / r α , using a combination of finite and infinite-size DMRG calculations, spin-wave analysis, and field theory. I… [Phys. Rev. B 93, 205115] Published Wed May 11, 2016
    Keywords: Electronic structure and strongly correlated systems
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 5
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    Topological phases with long-range interactions (2016)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2016-01-09
    Description: Author(s): Z.-X. Gong, M. F. Maghrebi, A. Hu, M. L. Wall, M. Foss-Feig, and A. V. Gorshkov Topological phases of matter are primarily studied in systems with short-range interactions. In nature, however, nonrelativistic quantum systems often exhibit long-range interactions. Under what conditions topological phases survive such interactions, and how they are modified when they do, is large… [Phys. Rev. B 93, 041102(R)] Published Fri Jan 08, 2016
    Keywords: Electronic structure and strongly correlated systems
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 6
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    Drosophila Dicer-2 has an RNA interference-independent function that modulates Toll immune signaling (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-18
    Description: Dicer-2 is the central player for small interfering RNA biogenesis in the Drosophila RNA interference (RNAi) pathway. Intriguingly, we found that Dicer-2 has an unconventional RNAi-independent function that positively modulates Toll immune signaling, which defends against Gram-positive bacteria, fungi, and some viruses, in both cells and adult flies. The loss of Dicer-2 expression makes fruit flies more susceptible to fungal infection. We further revealed that Dicer-2 posttranscriptionally modulates Toll signaling because Dicer-2 is required for the proper expression of Toll protein but not for Toll protein stability or Toll mRNA transcription. Moreover, Dicer-2 directly binds to the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of Toll mRNA via its PAZ (Piwi/Argonaute/Zwille) domain and is required for protein translation mediated by Toll 3'UTR. The loss of Toll 3'UTR binding activity makes Dicer-2 incapable of promoting Toll signaling. These data indicate that the interaction between Dicer-2 and Toll mRNA plays a pivotal role in Toll immune signaling. In addition, we found that Dicer-2 is also required for the Toll signaling induced by two different RNA viruses in Drosophila cells. Consequently, our findings uncover a novel RNAi-independent function of Dicer-2 in the posttranscriptional regulation of Toll protein expression and signaling, indicate an unexpected intersection of the RNAi pathway and the Toll pathway, and provide new insights into Toll immune signaling, Drosophila Dicer-2, and probably Dicer and Dicer-related proteins in other organisms.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Fast-ion transport in qmin〉2, high-β steady-state scenarios on DIII-Da) (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-23
    Description: Results from experiments on DIII-D [J. L. Luxon, Fusion Sci. Technol. 48 , 828 (2005)] aimed at developing high β steady-state operating scenarios with high- q min confirm that fast-ion transport is a critical issue for advanced tokamak development using neutral beam injection current drive. In DIII-D, greater than 11 MW of neutral beam heating power is applied with the intent of maximizing β N and the noninductive current drive. However, in scenarios with q min 〉 2 that target the typical range of q 95 = 5–7 used in next-step steady-state reactor models, Alfvén eigenmodes cause greater fast-ion transport than classical models predict. This enhanced transport reduces the absorbed neutral beam heating power and current drive and limits the achievable β N . In contrast, similar plasmas except with q min just above 1 have approximately classical fast-ion transport. Experiments that take q min 〉 3 plasmas to higher β P with q 95 = 11–12 for testing long pulse operation exhibit regimes of better than expected thermal confinement. Compared to the standard high- q min scenario, the high β P cases have shorter slowing-down time and lower ∇ β fast , and this reduces the drive for Alfvénic modes, yielding nearly classical fast-ion transport, high values of normalized confinement, β N , and noninductive current fraction. These results suggest DIII-D might obtain better performance in lower- q 95 , high- q min plasmas using broader neutral beam heating profiles and increased direct electron heating power to lower the drive for Alfvén eigenmodes.
    Print ISSN: 1070-664X
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7674
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 8
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    Modulation of the Extracellular Matrix Patterning of Thrombospondins by Actin Dynamics and Thrombospondin Oligomer State (2015)
    Portland Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-21
    Description: Thrombospondins (TSPs) are evolutionarily-conserved, secreted glycoproteins that interact with cell surfaces and extracellular matrix (ECM) and have complex roles in cell interactions. Unlike the structural components of the ECM that form networks or fibrils, TSPs are deposited into ECM as arrays of nanoscale puncta. The cellular and molecular mechanisms for the patterning of TSPs in ECM are poorly understood. Here we investigated whether the mechanisms of TSP patterning in cell-derived ECM involves actin cytoskeletal pathways or TSP oligomer state. From tests of a suite of pharmacological inhibitors of small GTPases, actomyosin-based contractility, or actin microfilament integrity and dynamics, cytochalasin D and jasplakinolide treatment of cells were identified to result in altered ECM patterning of a model TSP1 trimer. The strong effect of cytochalasin D indicated that mechanisms controlling puncta patterning depend on global F-actin dynamics. Similar spatial changes were obtained with endogenous TSPs after cytochalasin D treatment, implicating physiological relevance. Under matched experimental conditions with ectopically-expressed TSPs, the magnitude of the effect was markedly lower for pentameric TSP5 and Drosophila TSP, than for trimeric TSP1 or dimeric Ciona TSPA. To distinguish between the variables of protein sequence or oligomer state, we generated novel, chimeric pentamers of TSP1. These proteins accumulated within ECM at higher levels than TSP1 trimers, yet the effect of cytochalasin D on the spatial distribution of puncta was reduced. These findings introduce a novel concept that F-actin dynamics modulate the patterning of TSPs in ECM and that TSP oligomer state is a key determinant of this process.
    Print ISSN: 0144-8463
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-4935
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Portland Press
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  • 9
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    Structure, mutagenesis, and function of KSHV SCP [Biophysics and Computational Biology] (2015)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-18
    Description: With just one eighth the size of the major capsid protein (MCP), the smallest capsid protein (SCP) of human tumor herpesviruses—Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)—is vital to capsid assembly, yet its mechanism of action is unknown. Here, by cryoEM of KSHV at 6-Å resolution, we show that...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 10
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    Quantum logic between remote quantum registers (2013)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-07
    Description: Author(s): N. Y. Yao, Z.-X. Gong, C. R. Laumann, S. D. Bennett, L.-M. Duan, M. D. Lukin, L. Jiang, and A. V. Gorshkov We consider two approaches to dark-spin-mediated quantum computing in hybrid solid-state spin architectures. First, we review the notion of eigenmode-mediated unpolarized spin-chain state transfer and extend the analysis to various experimentally relevant imperfections: quenched disorder, dynamical ... [Phys. Rev. A 87, 022306] Published Wed Feb 06, 2013
    Keywords: Quantum information
    Print ISSN: 1050-2947
    Electronic ISSN: 1094-1622
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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