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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of (B2O3, P2O5) Additives on Microstructural Development and Phase-Transformation Kinetics of Stoichiometric Cordierite Glasses (2000)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 83 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The microstructural development and phase-transformation kinetics of stoichiometric cordierite glasses containing B2O3 and/or P2O5 additives were highly affected by the microstructural characteristics of the μ-cordierite and the type of additives. The addition of B2O3 tended to cause the formation of μ-spherulitic dendrites with thin dendritic arms, which promoted the formation of α-cordierite, either from crystallization of the residual glass or from transformation of μ-cordierite. P2O5 had the opposite effect: Increasing the temperature increased the growth rate of α-cordierite more than that of μ-cordierite.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2000.tb01364.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of textured LaNiO3 electrode on the fatigue improvement of Pb(Zr0.53Ti0.47)O3 thin films (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 1430-1432 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: By changing the electrode combination of Pt and LaNiO3 (LNO), four capacitor types of Pt/PZT/Pt/Si, Pt/LNO/PZT/Pt/Si, Pt/LNO/PZT/LNO/Pt/Si, and Pt/PZT/LNO/Pt/Si, were prepared to investigate the fatigue and hysteresis characteristics of the sol-gel-derived Pb(Zr0.53Ti0.47)O3 (PZT) ferroelectric thin films. Among them, the (100)- and (001)-oriented PZT films were grown on the (100)-textured LNO electrode, but randomly oriented films were obtained on the Pt electrode. It was found that the use of LNO bottom electrode would improve the fatigue property quite significantly, but only the capacitor with LNO as both top and bottom electrodes is shown to be fatigue-free up to 1011 cycles, and the shapes of the hysteresis loop almost unchanged after the fatigue test. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.116103
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of (100)-oriented metallic LaNiO3 thin films on Si substrates by radio frequency magnetron sputtering for the growth of textured Pb(Zr0.53Ti0.47)O3 (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 2643-2645 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Highly (100)-oriented LaNiO3(LNO) thin films were grown on Si, SiO2/Si, Pt/SiSiO2/Si, as well as glass substrates by rf magnetron sputtering deposition at substrate temperatures ranging from 150 to 500 °C. As-deposited LNO films are metallic; those prepared at substrate temperature ∼150–250 °C have a resistivity of 0.4–0.5 mΩ cm and can be used as the bottom electrode for the fabrication of integrated ferroelectric capacitors on Si. A subsequent deposition of sol-gel derived Pb(Zr0.53Ti0.47)O3 (PZT) thin film on the LNO-coated substrate was also found to have a significant (100)- and (001)-oriented texture. The ferroelectric capacitor fabricated from these films displays a good P–E hysteresis characteristic. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.113111
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    BaPbO3 perovskite electrode for lead zirconate titanate ferroelectric thin films (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 79 (2001), S. 3669-3671 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: BaPbO3 (BPO) films were prepared by rf-magnetron sputtering at temperatures as low as 350 °C. These films possessed low electrical resistivity of 1.4×10−3 Ω cm, which is appropriate for electrodes. The BPO electrode has an advantage over a Pt electrode in that it lowers the crystallization temperature of Pb(Zr0.53Ti0.47)O3 (PZT) films from 600 to 550 °C. The coercive fields of the PZT films deposited on a BPO/Pt electrode are significantly lower than those deposited on the Pt electrode, but the remanent polarization remained essentially unchanged. The BPO electrode also improved the fatigue resistance and decreased the leakage current of the PZT films deposited. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1421088
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Composition on Microstructural Development in MgO–Al2O3–SiO2 Glass-Ceramics (2001)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 84 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The transformation kinetics and microstructures of glass-ceramics, which deviate from those of a stoichiometric cordierite compound, are greatly dependent on the compositions of the starting glasses. Compositions richer in (MgO,SiO2) than the stoichiometric cordierite compound suppress the formation of μ-cordierite, yet enhance the crystallization of α-cordierite, resulting in a higher content of α-cordierite. In contrast, compositions richer in Al2O3 than the stoichiometric cordierite compound have no effect on the crystallization of α-cordierite. Thus, most of the glass crystallizes to μ-cordierite in the initial stage, followed by the slow transformation of μ-cordierite into an α-phase, which results in a low content of α-cordierite.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2001.tb00797.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sintering of hydroxylapatite-zirconia composite materials (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 23 (1988), S. 3771-3777 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Sintering of hydroxylapatite-zirconia (doped with 3 mol% Y2O3) composite powder compacts was studied. Hydroxylapatite powder was prepared from Ca(OH)2 and H3PO4, and zirconia powder was prepared from ZrOCl2 · 8H2O and YCl3. The sinterability of hydroxylapatite-zirconia composite powder compacts depends strongly on differential shrinkage between the powder components of the composite. Smaller differential shrinkage results in better sinterability. By increasing the calcination temperature of zirconia powder and/or decreasing that of hydroxylapatite powder improves the sinterability of the composite powder compacts. The phase distribution and total amounts of crystal phases depend on the sintered density of compacts. Hydroxylapatite and cubic zirconia are the major phases of compacts with high sintered densities, whereas α- and β-tricalcium phosphate and CaZrO3 are the major phases of compacts with low sintered densities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00540526
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dielectric properties of (Ba, Nb) doped TiO2 ceramics: Migration mechanism and roles of (Ba, Nb) (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 23 (1988), S. 4157-4164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Ultrahigh relative dielectric constants with stable frequency and temperature dependence as well as relatively low loss tangent are found in barium and niobium doped TiO2 ceramics with a silver electrode. The roles of barium and niobium on the dielectric properties of the ceramics are explained after the migration mechanism and the influence of barium and niobium have been analysed. Both silver electrodes made from silver paste and evaporated aluminium electrodes are employed in the study, their effects are also discussed. The migration mechanism proposed is electron hopping among oxygen vacancies. Dissolving barium into TiO2 ceramics creates an additional oxygen vacancy which results in an increase in conductivity and relaxation frequency of the loss tangent. In contrast, niobium tends to reduce the concentration of oxygen vacancies and causes the opposite effect. The effects of barium and niobium on the concentration of the oxygen vacancy are supported by results of densification and microstructural investigations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01106851
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrical properties and degradation improvement of ZnO varistors doped with PbO-B2O3 based glasses (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 24 (1989), S. 1881-1888 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The effects of PbO-B2O3 based glasses on the nonlinear exponent, leakage current, cooling rate sensitivity and degradation behaviour of ZnO varistors were investigated. Measurements of capacitance-voltage (C-V), current-voltage (I-V), dielectric properties, degradation behaviour as well as microstructural observations, were performed. It was found that leakage current, cooling rate sensitivity and degradation behaviour were generally improved, while the nonlinear exponent was only affected slightly by the glass dopants. The effects of glass dopant were explained by the lower dissolution of manganese and cobalt in ZnO grains, which increased donor density, trap density, and hence barrier height. The improved degradation behaviour caused by addition of glass dopant was interpreted by a decrease of concentration of zinc vacancy which tended to lower barrier height as it moved away from the boundary layer under the electric field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01105718
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sintering behaviour of highly agglomerated ultrafine zirconia powders (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 23 (1988), S. 3290-3299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The sintering behaviour of highly agglomerated ultrafine zirconia powders can be described by a combination of mechanisms such as neck formation and shrinkage, fissure formation and growth, pore growth, grain growth, pore-rearrangement shrinkage, and pore entrapment. There exist two optimum sintering temperatures: one is due to the competition between neck formation and shrinkage, fissure formation and pore growth; the other is due to the competition between pore shrinkage and pore entrapment, both resulting from grain growth. It is also found that an increase of green density, which is caused either by a different consolidation pressure, a different preparation method, or a different calcination temperature, results in a decrease of sintered bulk density. This can be explained by the state of agglomeration and the uniformity of powder packing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00551308
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of CeO2 on reaction-sintered mullite-ZrO2 ceramics (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 26 (1991), S. 4631-4636 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The effect of ceria on mullite formation and the sintering of zircon and alumina powders was investigated. Quantitative X-ray powder analysis was used to determine the formation of mullite and zirconia of both monoclinic and tetragonal forms. Scanning electron microscopy and electron-probe microanalysis were used for microstructural analysis. It was found that the addition of CeO2 enhanced the formation of mullite and increased the fraction of tetragonal zirconia. The addition of CeO2 caused the formation of mullite directly from reaction of zircon with alumina without decomposition of zircon into zirconia and silica. In addition to forming a liquid phase, the ceria essentially formed a solid solution with zirconia. The fracture toughness of the mullite-zirconia composites was about 5.5–6.0 MPa m1/2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00612398
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