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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical aspects of combustion toxicology of fires (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 3 (1979), S. 110-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This report describes work currently being carried out at the Fire Research Station, Borehamwood to Study the role of the fire atmosphere in causing incapacitation, injury and death of building occupants in fires. The work includes a detailed study of polymer degradation mechanisms (particularly synthetic) and product formation under carefully controlled laboratory conditions and fires, together with pathological and bioassay (in vivo) work being carried out elsewhere under contract. Analytical studies are reported using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry to identify the complex products formed during the controlled pyrolysis and thermal oxidative decomposition of butadiene-styrene latex rubber foam, polyacrylonitrile and polypropylene under low (30-400°C), medium (400-650°C) and high (700-900°C) temperature conditions. Studies are reported of the products formed during smouldering and flaming fires in an experimental 0.4 m3 fire chamber in an attempt to reproduce conditions relevant to the early stages of fires. In this way, chromatographic fingerprinting of the smouldering products from BS latex rubber foam, and the flaming products of wood wool and polypropylene are given and where possible the major components identified. The relevance of this analytical work in predicting the types of products likely to be encountered during various stages of burning is discussed. General information on the pathological studies and bioassay work being carried out at the Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Glasgow and at the Huntingdon Research Centre respectively are given in order to integrate the overall research programmes and methods of approach being adopted to give an insight into the very difficult area of toxicity assessment.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810030210
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conversion of fuels containing nitrogen to oxides of nitrogen in hydrogen and methane flames (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 2 (1978), S. 122-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Nitrogen-containing compounds such as hydrogen cyanide, acetonitrile, acrylonitrile, pyridine, benzonitrile, ammonia and methylamine, which are typical of the products likely to be encountered during the decomposition of nitrogen-containing polymers in fires, have been introduced into hydrogen and methane flames burning in oxygen-argon atmospheres. There is a complete conversion of fuel nitrogen in all cases to oxides of nitrogen and molecular nitrogen. The relative conversion to oxides of nitrogen (as NOx/N2) increases as the injection rate of nitrogen-containing fuels is decreased. The relative yields of oxides of nitrogen tend to be similar with methane and hydrogen premixed flames and markedly greater than observed with hydrogen diffusion flame. In all cases the yield of oxides of nitrogen-containing products such as hydrogen cyanide can also present a toxic risk during the burning of nitrogen-containing polymers, particularly when high temperature are involved. The combustion of these products in flame zones cannot be assumed to alleviate the additional toxic risk because of their conversion to oxides of nitrogen.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810020306
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fire behaviour of beds and bedding materials (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 1 (1976), S. 63-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Full-scale fire tests on domestic beds fully equipped with bedding materials have been carried out in an experimental compartment-corridor facility at the Fire Research Station, Borehamwood, U. K. Mattresses made of hair, spring interior, foam rubber and polyurethane of various types, together with mattress covers of cotton, flame-retarded cotton or proofed nylon were studied. The effectiveness of protective hair or glass fibre interlining was examined. The study has shown that a rapid development of fire in bed and bedding materials can take place with certain combinations of mattresses and their covers. The types of covers extremely important in overall fire development, particularly with polyurethane mattresses. A substantial improvement in the fire behaviour of many of the principal types of beds tested can be achieved by a careful selection of bedding materials, such as the type of mattress cover, and in certain cases by the use of protective interlinings.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810010206
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