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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Graduate Studies in Hydrogeology and Hydrology at the University of Idaho (1968)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 6 (1968), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: The interdisciplinary graduate program in hydrogeology at the University of Idaho is described. The curriculum is structured to permit the design of individual study programs which are in keeping with multiple use concepts. Flexibility sufficient to permit courses to be taken in several fields which support the students' major area of research is provided. This flexibility is maximized by the offering of two degree options. Discussion of a number of the research projects at the University illustrates several of the types of problems now being studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1968.tb01646.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Two-Dimensional MODFLOW Numerical Approximation of Mise-A-La-Masse Electrical Flow Through Porous Media (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 34 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Two-dimensional, finite-difference, saturated, ground-water flow models such as MODFLOW can be useful in simulating “mise-a-la-masse” electrical flow through conductive porous media. A new technique for using an existing numerical code to develop an approximate solution for point source electrical flow is presented. Incorporating a change in variables from ground-water flow to electrical flow within the MODFLOW input file allows the ground-water flow code to model the effects of resistivity contrasts directly. By adjusting the input data as presented herein, spherical electrical flow through contaminated porous media can be approximated in two dimensions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1996.tb02061.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comments on Wafer Transfers and Related Problems in Urban Areas (1968)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 6 (1968), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Heavy development in certain areas of the United States and the growing shortage of additional, readily available water supplies therein have forced planners and hydrologists to resort progressively to more elaborate water-supply systems. Among the most elaborate and most expensive systems proposed to date are the various plans for. transferring water toward the south from northward flowing Arctic rivers. A considerable portion of this water would be utilized for the expansion of already heavily urbanized areas.Meanwhile, many of the densely populated areas experiencing water shortages are subjected to other, perhaps more complex problems which appear to be, at least in part, a product of their increasing size. Therefore, the expenditure of large sums to supply them with water for indefinite growth appears to merit scrutinous study.An alternative approach designed to minimize both water diversion costs and problems associated with over-populated areas is the stimulation of development in carefully selected regions well endowed with water and other natural resources. One such area and several of its attributes are discussed herein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1968.tb01254.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Migration and Leaching of Metals from Old Mine Tailings Deposits (1972)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 10 (1972), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Leaching of heavy metals by ground water passing through mine tailings is caused by the oxidation of sulfides through the action of microorganisms. The pH of the ground water entering the tailings system is reduced by mechanisms within the tailings system itself. Action of sulfide-oxidizing and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria causes the formation of sulfuric acid, thereby increasing the H+ and SO42− concentration within the system. Metal ions go into solution as metal sulfates, and the concentration of H2S increases by the interaction of H+ and S2− Increase in H2S creates an environment suitable for the growth of sulfate-reducing bacteria which converts SO42− to S2− and simultaneously precipitates metal sulfides at a pH near 6.6. Decrease in pH with depth destroys sulfate-reducing bacteria, and dissolution and leaching of the tailings increase.Four lines of evidence demonstrate the presence of microorganisms in the tailings system: (1) Fe-Mn concretions below the water table at Cataldo Mission Flats, (2) fixation of Na and K below the water table, (3) precipitation of sulfate salts on the surface of Cataldo Mission Flats, and (4) experiments on two sets of tailings samples, one from the surface which showed predominant aerobic activity and one from below the water table which showed predominant anaerobic activity. Where oxygen is sufficient, iron oxidizing bacteria oxidize Fe2+ to Fe3+ which forms an insoluble hydroxide. Consequently, very little iron is found in the ground water coming from the system. The combination of these mechanisms produces poor-quality ground water with respect to metals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1972.tb02924.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Design and Operation of an Inexpensive Sensitive Piezometer with Short Timelag (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 7 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: The growing number of ground-water research projects that are based primarily on potential distribution data has stimulated the development of several new types of potential measuring, instruments. The primary requirements for these instruments are longevity, precision, sensitivity, and short timelag. Ease of installation, minimum maintenance, low capital investment, and provision of a continuous record are equally desirable. Generally, available instruments will satisfy two or three, but not all of these requirements.The need for a piezometer possessing all these characteristics was encountered during a flow-system study beneath an irrigated field. A piezometer subsequently was designed which combines the sensitivity of a Kecke electrical water-level sensing device with the continuous record provided by a Stevens Type F, graphic recorder. Replacement of the standard Keck sensing “Bob” with a probe specifically designed for small diameter pipes (5/16-inch I.D.),* provides instrumentation with a short timelag. The absence of a diaphragm and strain gauges enhances longevity. The device is inexpensive, simple and easily installed. Samples of well water for chemical analysis may also be obtained from the piezometers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1969.tb01665.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aquifer Testing, Mathematical Modeling, and Regulatory Risk (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 22 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Mathematical modeling founded on a strong field data base can be a valuable tool for the analysis of ground-water contamination problems. The purposes of this paper are threefold: (1) we demonstrate the dilemma of a knowledgeable ground-water quality regulator whose regulatory decision-making process is confronted with the output of a mathematical model that is based on very limited field test data; (2) we demonstrate a method available to a knowledgeable regulator for assessing approximately a range of possible performances of a contaminated ground-water recovery well field using a range of input data derived from a very limited data base; and (3) we present a strong case for presenting mathematical model outputs as ranges of values rather than as unique solutions. A range is determined by an examination of the level of sophistication of the field data base. Our experience with 12 field sites wherein ground-water contamination has occurred has led us to conclude that field data are seldom, if ever, adequate to defend a unique solution from a mathematical model. Regulatory decisions generally can be reduced to minimization of risks based on the smallest range of model outputs that can be defended on the basis of the field data base. The more limited the field data base, the greater must be the range of defensible model outputs, and consequently, the greater the risk inherent in subsequent regulatory decisions. The knowledgeable regulator can assess the risks in the regulatory decision-making process only if he is able to assess the extent to which the field data base for the mathematical model output reflects state-of-the-art data collection and analysis technologies and methodologies. If an applicant for a permit or license submits a less than adequate data base and concomitantly a broad range of defensible model outputs, he inherently requests that the knowledgeable regulator accept a risk greater than that required if adequate aquifer testing techniques had been employed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1984.tb01401.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monitoring and Mathematical Modeling of Contaminated Ground-Water Plumes in Fluvial Environments (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 22 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Ground-water monitoring to delineate a contaminant plume in fluvial hydrostratigraphic units often is uncertain. Fluvial deposits consist typically of interbedded layers of sands, silts and clays, with buried stream channel deposits of sands or gravels. The channel deposits are often interpreted erroneously to be discontinuous between test holes and in cross section due to their sinuosity. Erroneous conclusions pertaining to the areal continuity of these geometrically complex deposits are inevitable unless the investigator thoroughly understands the depositional environment(s).The hydraulic conductivity of buried stream channel deposits may be several orders of magnitude higher than the matrix materials in which they are enclosed. The higher hydraulic conductivity of buried stream channel deposits has potentially significant ramifications with respect to ground-water monitoring to delineate the geometry of a contaminant plume migrating through these deposits.Ground-water monitoring at uranium mill waste disposal sites located in fluvial environments began on a significant scale in about 1977. A uranium mill tailing disposal site located in such an environment in central Wyoming is among the first sites monitored. Thirty-seven monitor wells were constructed at the site to delineate a seepage plume originating from one of the tailing ponds. This case history illustrates the need for a detailed under—standing of the hydrostratigraphy at a waste disposal site in order to interpret the meaning of ground-water quality data effectively. Water quality data from monitor wells located on a hit or miss basis often are misleading. The hydrostratigraphic horizon from which a water quality sample is collected must be well defined before the sample analyses can be interpreted quantitatively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1984.tb01402.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Early Day Mining Operations on Present Day Water Quality (1972)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 10 (1972), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Mining operations within the Coeur d'Alene District of northern Idaho have been continuous for over 85 years. Data presented herein demonstrate that early day mining and milling wastes are now affecting the ground-water quality in several locations. One of the affected areas is the lower Canyon Creek Basin located in the Coeur d'Alene District near Wallace, Idaho.Ground-water pollution of the Canyon Creek Basin results from leaching of old mine tailings that are intermixed with the upper part of the sand and gravel aquifer. High zinc, lead and cadmium concentrations occur in ground water and soil samples taken from the portion of the sand and gravel aquifer containing old mine tailings.Analysis of water samples from a settling pond located in the upper portion of the study area indicates that the pond water is not the source of the heavy metal concentrations found in the ground water. However, the water from the pond's decanting system provides recharge to ground water and compounds the problem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1972.tb02897.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Potential Inaccuracies in MODFLOW Simulations Involving the SIP and SSOR Methods for Matrix Solution (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 35 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: The ground-water flow model MODFLOW is the most widely used and accepted model of its type in the world today. Several modeling runs were completed with MODFLOW for relatively simple hydrogeologic conditions to evaluate the accuracy of the strongly implicit procedure (SIP), slice successive overrelaxation (SSOR) and preconditioned conjugate-gradient 2 (PCG2) methods for matrix solution. A series of simulations was performed with the SIP, SSOR, and PCG2 methods while adjusting the matrix solution parameters sequentially one at a time. A wide range of converged solutions was generated for identical input data. The simulation results show that MODFLOW will produce accurate results for the specific conditions simulated with PCG2, or with SIP if the proper combination of SIP matrix solution parameters is chosen by the user. Accurate results could not be obtained with SSOR for any of the combinations of matrix solution parameters used in this investigation. The simulation results confirm that model convergence for a small head change convergence criterion is not a good indicator of accurate results unless water balance error also is small.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1997.tb00079.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Statistical Identification of Hydraulic Connections Between the Surface of a Mountain and Internal Mineralized Sources (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 20 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Mount Emmons is located near Crested Butte, Colorado. It is the site of a proposed molybdenum mine that would extract ore from within the core of the 12,000-foot plus peak. AMAX Inc. is proposing to extract the ore body by utilizing a block caving technique that requires a thorough understanding of the hydrology of the mountain.This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that water quality data from various sources can be clustered and grouped into distinct populations that can be correlated with hydrogeologic features mapped on the mountain. Cluster analysis and canonical analysis are applied to mine water quality data, drillhole water quality data, spring-water quality data and surface-water quality data. Identified subpopulations indicate the presence or absence of mineralized sources in recharge areas, along flow paths or in discharge areas for the different water quality groups. The statistical analyses in combination with fault-vein mapping and debris slide mapping facilitate identification of preferential hydraulic connections between the surface of Mount Emmons and internal mineralized zones. The majority of the springs on Mount Emmons were shown to be derived from debris slides. These springs discharge water that meets drinking-water standards. The statistical analyses in combination with the hydrogeologic mapping indicate that these springs should not be affected significantly by mining. The analyses and hydrogeologic mapping also delineate those ground-water discharge areas that can be expected to be affected by mining. The delineation of the latter zones is essential to the mining plan; preventative and corrective measures can be implemented in the identified areas in order to assure that negative impacts of mining are avoided.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1982.tb02767.x
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