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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lead cycling in an acidic Adirondack lake (1985)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Environmental science & technology 19 (1985), S. 1182-1187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5851
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00142a007
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zinc cycling in an acidic Adirondack lake (1987)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Environmental science & technology 21 (1987), S. 211-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5851
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00156a014
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Climate change effects on carbon and nitrogen mineralization in peatlands through changes in soil quality (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Global change biology 10 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: Climate change will directly affect carbon and nitrogen mineralization through changes in temperature and soil moisture, but it may also indirectly affect mineralization rates through changes in soil quality. We used an experimental mesocosm system to examine the effects of 6-year manipulations of infrared loading (warming) and water-table level on the potential anaerobic nitrogen and carbon (as carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) production) mineralization potentials of bog and fen peat over 11 weeks under uniform anaerobic conditions. To investigate the response of the dominant methanogenic pathways, we also analyzed the stable isotope composition of CH4 produced in the samples. Bog peat from the highest water-table treatment produced more CO2 than bog peat from drier mesocosms. Fen peat from the highest water-table treatment produced the most CH4. Cumulative nitrogen mineralization was lowest in bog peat from the warmest treatment and lowest in the fen peat from the highest water-table treatment. As all samples were incubated under constant conditions, observed differences in mineralization patterns reflect changes in soil quality in response to climate treatments. The largest treatment effects on carbon mineralization as CO2 occurred early in the incubations and were ameliorated over time, suggesting that the climate treatments changed the size and/or quality of a small labile carbon pool. CH4 from the fen peat appeared to be predominately from the acetoclastic pathway, while in the bog peat a strong CH4 oxidation signal was present despite the anaerobic conditions of our incubations. There was no evidence that changes in soil quality have lead to differences in the dominant methanogenic pathways in these systems. Overall, our results suggest that even relatively short-term changes in climate can alter the quality of peat in bogs and fens, which could alter the response of peatland carbon and nitrogen mineralization to future climate change.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2003.00785.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequentially extracted metals in Adirondack lake sediment cores (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of paleolimnology 3 (1990), S. 243-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Keywords: trace metals ; aluminum ; sequential extraction ; acidic lakes ; paleolimnology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Metal deposition patterns have been examined in sediment cores from three lakes in the Adirondack region of New York (USA). Sequential chemical extraction of Al, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn has yielded information on their chemical nature and potential mechanisms involved in their deposition. Results indicate historical changes in watershed chemistry may have influenced metal chemistry in these lakes. Detailed descriptions of the chemical forms of metals in sediments is not possible due to the fact that extraction methods are only operational. However, in two systems known to have been acidified in recent time by acidic deposition (Big Moose L. & Deep L.), concentrations of labile Al (in C1−C4 fraction) increase after 1940–1950, corresponding with lake acidification as inferred from diatom assemblages. Temporal trends in the inputs of Pb in the C1−C4 fraction are also consistent with known historical changes in atmospheric Pb inputs to the region. Chemical stratigraphies of Fe and Mn are most likely dominated by internal biogeochemical cycling within sediments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219460
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Paleoecological investigation of recent lake acidification in the Adirondack Mountains, N.Y. (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of paleolimnology 3 (1990), S. 195-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Keywords: acid deposition ; Adirondacks ; diatoms ; lake acidification ; paleoecology ; sediment chemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Paleoecological analysis of the sediment record of 12 Adirondack lakes reveals that the 8 clearwater lakes with current pH 〈 5.5 and alkalinity 〈 10 μeq l-1 have acidified recently. The onset of this acidification occurred between 1920 and 1970. Loss of alkalinity, based on quanitative analysis of diatom assemblages, ranged from 2 to 35 μeq l-1. The acidification trends are substantiated by several lines of evidence including stratigraphies of diatom, chrysophyte, chironomid, and cladoceran remains, Ca:Ti and Mn:Ti ratios, sequentially extracted forms of Al, and historical fish data. Acidification trends appear to be continuing in some lakes, despite reductions in atmospheric sulfur loading that began in the early 1970s. The primary cause of the acidification trend is clearly increased atmospheric deposition of strong acids derived from the combustion of fossil fuels. Natural processes and watershed disturbances cannot account for the changes in water chemistry that have occurred, but they may play a role. Sediment core profiles of Pb, Cu, V, Zn, S, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, magnetic particles, and coal and oil soot provide a clear record of increased atmospheric input of materials associated with the combustion of fossil fuels beginning in the late 1800s and early 1900s. The primary evidence for acidification occurs after that period, and the pattern of water chemistry response to increased acid inputs is consistent with current understanding of lake-watershed acidification processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219459
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A three-year study of controls on methane emissions from two Michigan peatlands (1994)
    Springer
    Biogeochemistry 27 (1994), S. 35-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: bogs ; methane ; peatlands ; wetlands
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract We investigate temporal changes in methane emissions over a three-year period from two peatlands in Michigan. Mean daily fluxes ranged from 0.6–68.4 mg CH4 m−2d−1 in plant communities dominated by Chamaedaphne calyculata, an eficaceous shrub, to 11.5–209 mg CH4 m−2d−1 in areas dominated by plants with aerenchymatous tissues, such as Carex oligosperma and Scheuchzeria palustris. Correlations between methane flux and water table position were significant at all sites for one annual cycle when water table fluctuations ranged from 15 cm above to 50 cm below the peat surface. Correlations were not significant during the second and third annual periods with smaller water table fluctuations. Methane flux was strongly correlated with peat temperatures at −5 to −40 cm (r s = 0.82 to 0.98) for all three years at sites with flora acting as conduits for methane transport. At shrub sites, the correlations between methane flux and peat temperature were weak to not significant during the first two years, but were strong in the third year. Low rates of methane consumption (−0.2 to −1.5 mg CH4 m−2 d−1 ) were observed at shrub sites when the water table was below −20 cm, while sites with plants capable of methane transport always had positive net fluxes of methane. The methane oxidizing potential at both types of sites was confirmed by peat core experiments. The results of this study indicate that methane emissions occur at rates that cannot be explained by diffusion alone; plant communities play a significant role in altering methane flux from peatland ecosystems by directly transporting methane from anaerobic peat to the atmosphere.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00002570
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Manganese cycling in an acidic Adirondack lake (1987)
    Springer
    Biogeochemistry 3 (1987), S. 87-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: Acidification ; Adirondacks ; manganese ; reduction ; trace metal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract There is considerable interest in the chemistry of Mn in acidic waters because of its role in the generation of acid neutralizing capacity during reduction processes, as an adsorbent in element cycling, and as a potential toxicant to aquatic organisms. Temporal and spatial variations in the concentration of Mn were evident in acidic Dart's Lake (1.0–2.3 μmol l−1), located in the Adirondack Region of New York. Seasonal changes in pH and dissolved oxygen concentration had subtle effects on the chemistry and transport of Mn. Despite oversaturation with respect to the solubility of manganite during periods of stratification, vertical deposition of Mn was minimal. The conservative nature of Mn appears to be due to the acidic conditions in Dart's Lake.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02185186
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The selectivity of a sequential extraction procedure for the determination of iron oxyhydroxides andiron sulfides in lake sediments (1991)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 14 (1991), S. 193-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: iron oxyhydroxide ; pyrite ; sediment ; sequential extraction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A popular sequential extraction procedure (Tessier et al. 1979) designed t o extract metals partitioned in various sediment phases, was evaluated for its selectivity. Amorphous FeOOH, FeS, and FeS2 were added separately to natural lake sediments and sequentially extracted. The selectivity of the sequential procedure for the added solid phases was evaluated by determining the difference in the mass of Fe extracted from treated and control sediments. In the experiments where sulfide minerals were added, total S was measured in the residual solids in order to confirm selectivity of the method. Concentrations of total carbon remaining in the solid phase after each extraction step were also measured to determine the selectivity of the sequential procedure for carbon. The procedure was moderately selective for Fe added as FeOOH; a mean of 77 ± 12% (p 〈 0.05) of the Fe added was extracted in the step designed to reduce Fe-Mn oxyhydroxides. In experiments where FeS was added, a mean of 69 ± 11% (p 〈 0.05) of the Fe added as FeS was extracted in the fraction designed to oxidize sulfides and organic matter. Approximately 25% of the Fe added as FeS may have been extracted prematurely. Although less precise, total S analyses confirmed that much of the FeS was extracted in the oxidation step, yielding 104 ± 87% (p 〈 0.05) of the S added as FeS. The procedure was highly selective for FeS2; 92 ± 14% (p 〈 0.05) of the Fe added as pyrite was extracted in the sulfide extraction step. Extraction of 80 ± 54% (p 〈 0.05) of S added as pyrite confirmed that FeS2 were selectively extracted in the sulfide extraction step. Carbon in the sediments was also selectively extracted in the oxidation step (77 ± 2.4% of total C; p 〈 0.05). The applications and limitations of sequential extraction procedures as limnological research tools are discussed in light of our results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00000807
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The PIRLA project (paleoecological investigation of recent lake acidification): Preliminary results for the Adirondacks, New England, N. Great Lakes states, and N. Florida (1986)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 30 (1986), S. 355-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The PIRLA project is an interdisciplinary paleoecological study designed to provide reconstructions of the recent acidification histories of a representative set of lakes in four acid-sensitive regions in North America. We are trying to determine if lakes in the study regions have acidified, and if so, to what extent, over what time period and why. Sediment cores from 5 to 15 lakes in each region are being analyzed for several characteristics. Diatoms and chrysophytes are being used to reconstruct lakewater pH. Results for three Adirondack lakes with current pH of 4.8 to 5.0 indicate a decrease in pH beginning in the 1930's–1950's. Increased atmospheric deposition of strong acids appears to be the primary factor responsible for the pH decline. Two lakes (pH 4.4 and 4.7) in New England show clear evidence of acidification probably due to acidic deposition. Preliminary reconstructions for two lakes in Michigan (pH 4.4 and 5.6), one in Wisconsin (pH 5.3), and one in Minnesota (pH 6.8) suggest no recent pH decrease. For, the one Florida lake (pH 4.4) analyzed, inferred pH decreases by about 0.5 unit, beginning in the 1950s; the cause has not been determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305206
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  • 10
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    Microbial mechanisms and ecosystem flux estimation for aerobic NOyemissions from deciduous forest soils (2019)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-18
    Description: Reactive nitrogen oxides (NOy; NOy= NO + NO2+ HONO) decrease air quality and impact radiative forcing, yet the factors responsible for their emission from nonpoint sources (i.e., soils) remain poorly understood. We investigated the factors that control the production of aerobic NOyin forest soils using molecular techniques, process-based assays, and inhibitor experiments. We subsequently used these data to identify hotspots for gas emissions across forests of the eastern United States. Here, we show that nitrogen oxide soil emissions are mediated by microbial community structure (e.g., ammonium oxidizer abundances), soil chemical characteristics (pH and C:N), and nitrogen (N) transformation rates (net nitrification). We find that, while nitrification rates are controlled primarily by chemoautotrophic ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), the production of NOyis mediated in large part by chemoautotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). Variation in nitrification rates and nitrogen oxide emissions tracked variation in forest communities, as stands dominated by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) trees had greater N transformation rates and NOyfluxes than stands dominated by ectomycorrhizal (ECM) trees. Given mapped distributions of AM and ECM trees from 78,000 forest inventory plots, we estimate that broadleaf forests of the Midwest and the eastern United States as well as the Mississippi River corridor may be considered hotspots of biogenic NOyemissions. Together, our results greatly improve our understanding of NOyfluxes from forests, which should lead to improved predictions about the atmospheric consequences of tree species shifts owing to land management and climate change.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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