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Photosynthetic performance, chloroplast pigments and mineral content of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) exposed to SO2 and O3 in an open-air fumigation experiment (1995)

WEDLER, M. ; WEIKERT, R. M. ; LIPPERT, M.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Plant, cell & environment 18 (1995), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-3040

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: Photosynthetic performance, mineral content and chloroplast pigments were investigated in August-September 1988 and 1989 in Norway spruce trees (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) exposed to SO2, and O3 in an open-air fumigation facility at Liphook, England. The data do not suggest a treatment effect on the mineral content of the needles in terms of nutrient leaching from the foliage. In addition, there were no direct SO2 and/or O3 effects on the content and/or composition of the chloroplast pigments. However, the long-term application of SO2 resulted in a depression of net photosynthesis under light saturation and ambient CO2 (A 340) which was probably caused by a treatment-related depression of the carboxylation efficiency (CE). In 1989, the supposed treatment effects were apparently masked by an insufficient N-supply and probably also by low water availability during summer. However, fumigation appeared to accelerate an N-deficiency-related decrease of CE, stomatal closure and the age-dependent development of the chlorophyll content of the needles. In 1989, an observed depression of the photosynthetic capacity (A2500) was in part accompanied by a decrease in light use efficiency (α), suggesting an enhanced photosensitivity resulting from the impact of several possible interacting stresses (drought, N deficiency and fumigation). The results support the general conclusion that long-term low-level SO2 dosage adversely affects the photosynthetic performance of the needle, whether directly or indirectly, and may also interact with other environmental stresses. The findings of our investigations are discussed with regard to the hypothesis of forest decline in the mountain regions of the Fichtelgebirge (north-eastern Bavaria, Germany).

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1995.tb00361.x

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Photosynthetic performance, chloroplast pigments, and mineral content of various needle age classes of spruce (Picea abies) with and without the new flush: an experimental approach for analysing forest decline phenomena (1989)

Weikert, R. M. ; Wedler, M. ; Lippert, M. ; [et al.]

Springer

Trees 3 (1989), S. 161-172

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ISSN: 1432-2285

Keywords: Forest decline ; Picea abies ; Mineral deficiency ; Photosynthetic performance ; Air pollution

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Summary Damage in the older needles of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] in the Fichtelgebirge (NE Bavaria, FRG) appears to result primarily from nutrient imbalances rather than from direct effects of air pollutants on the mesophyll of the needles. Support for this conclusion was obtained by altering the nutrition of older needles through the removal of terminal buds on several branches from a damaged and an undamaged spruce tree in spring. Various photosynthetic parameters, as well as the chloroplast pigment and nutrient concentrations, of 1- to 3-year-old needles on manipulated branches were compared with those of branches on which the new flush was allowed to develop during the course of the growing period. Removal of terminal buds affected only the 1-year-old needles. Elimination of the new flush resulted in a higher Ca and Mn content of the needles of the undamaged tree. This treatment also resulted in an increase of the photosynthetic capacity (under saturating light and CO2 conditions), carboxylation and light use efficiency, as well as net photosynthesis under natural conditions of the 1-year-old needles on the yellow chlorotic tree. This was accompanied by higher chlorophyll concentrations and an increase in Mg, Ca, Mn, and Zn content, and no visible signs of chlorosis developed in the experiment. By contrast, the needles of twigs in which the new flush was allowed to develop exhibited reductions in mineral content in the middle of the year. This was especially true for the elements Mg and Ca, and was accompanied by needle chlorosis and a depression of the capacity of photosynthesis. Thus it appears that there is a close relationship between the development of needle damage and nutrient imbalances in spruce. The retranslocation of elements from the 1-year-old needles to the new flush seems to play a major role in the development of needle bleaching. This approach thus supports the hypothesis described above and confirms a preliminary test with a similar experimental design, which had been conducted earlier.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226652

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