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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multivariable Control of Continuous and Fed-Batch Bioreactors (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 589 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb24267.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Drug bioavailability and pharmacokinetic analysis from pharmacological data (1973)
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 1 (1973), S. 329-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Conclusions The objective of pharmacotherapy is to control drug effects rather than drug levels. Direct chemical assay data are always of secondary interest and are of value only in that plasma levels often correlate with pharmacological or toxic response. The use of methodologies of control theory, signal processing, and optimization, borrowed from engineering practice, allow the relations between drug inputs to be directly related to multiple, simultaneously occurring drug responses. These relations also permit time optimal drug inputs to be computed which optimize a multiple drug response behavior and represent a maximum therapeutic utility for the drug (8,9). In practice, such time optimal drug inputs may be achieved by programmed intravenous or other parenteral administration; such optimal response behavior may less precisely be realized through a predetermined dosage regimen with a drug product possessing the required dynamic drug bioavailability behavior. With the advent of increasingly more sophisticated biomedical recording and signal processing instrumentation and the increasing computerization of hospitals, it is not difficult to envisage that a maximum therapeutic utility of one or several drugs' actions may be automatically and continuously maintained using closed-loop feedback control. The process can be envisaged to involve monitoring of the patient's multiple drug responses and processing of the signals to compute an optimal pharmacotherapeutic control input signal, which in turn actuates servomechanistic drug-adminstering devices which deliver the drug(s) at the rate(s) required to maintain the patient's drug response behavior at optimal levels. In addition to the work now being pursued in the authors' laboratory, progress in approaching such ideals in pharmacotherapy is presently exemplified by the artificial “beta cell” developed by Whitaker Space Sciences which utilizes biofeedback controlled delivery of insulin in response to the patient's blood glucose levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01060040
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dose-effect curves and relative biophasic drug levels: Elucidation of these concepts and the illustration of their use for the determination of bioavailability, rate of absorption, and time course of pharmacological response (1976)
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 4 (1976), S. 67-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: pharmacological response ; dose-effect curves ; biophasic drug levels ; bioavailability-determined from pharmacological response
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The theoretical basis for the development of dose-effect curves, linear dynamic models, and relative biophasic drug levels as derived from pharmacological response intensity is presented. The presentation is kept sufficiently rigorous to demonstrate the theoretical soundness of the concepts, yet each concept is clearly explained and related to physical experimental variables so as to be physically meaningful. The use of these concepts for the determination of bioavailability, rate of absorption, and time course of drug action is demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01271445
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic optimization of nonlinear processes by combining neural net model with UDMC (1994)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 40 (1994), S. 1488-1497 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new dynamic optimization technique presented combines a neural network model with a universal dynamic matrix control (UDMC) algorithm. This technique utilizes a nonlinear-model-predictive control technique for on-line optimization and feedback control by using a dynamic neural net model. This approach offers two important advantages over conventional UDMC. One is that a dynamic neural net model can be developed from process data and used for optimization calculations, thus achieving optimization without a first principle model. This neural-network-based optimization approach also produces good performance even with processmodel mismatch. The other is that our neural-net-model-based UDMC algorithm greatly reduces the computation time required for the nonlinear dynamic matrix used for the successive quadratic programming algorithm. The development of this technique also involved an analysis of the effect of network structure on dynamic optimization. A state-space-based neural network model which utilizes a priori process knowledge is best suited for optimization calculations. Advantages of this technique are illustrated by simulation for two chemical processes.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690400908
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasmid stability and α-amylase production in batch and continuous cultures of Bacillus subtilis TN106[pAT5] (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 33 (1989), S. 1010-1020 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Cell growth and enzyme (α-amylase) production characteristics of Bacillus subtilis TN106 containing the recombinant plasmid pAT5 are investigated in batch and continuous cultures using a defined medium with glucose as the limiting nutrient. The batch culture studies demonstrate that the recombinant plasmid, reported earlier1 to be stably maintained in the host, suffers from segregational and structural instabilities. The structural instability of this strain occurred during culture storage and can be eliminated in bioreactor experiments by using a modified inoculum preparation procedure. Such elimination allows an unbiased investigation of segregational instability via continuous culture studies. Such studies conducted with this fast growing microorganism, in the absence of antibiotic selection pressure, indicate a very efficient glucose utilization (very low residual glucose concentrations) over a wide range of dilution rates (0.16 h-1 - 0.94 h-1). The nearly time-invariant and low residual glucose concentrations at each such dilution rate enable convenient estimation of growth parameters of the host and recombinant cells and frequency of segregational instability from transients in the resulting mixed cultures. The specific α-amylase activity exhibits an inverse relationship to the specific growth rate of recombinant cells. The growth of recombinant cells is not affected by the presence of antibiotic (kanamycin). The growth advantage of host cells over recombinant cells diminishes with increasing dilution rate.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260330810
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of a direct digital-controlled fermentor using a microminicomputer hierarchical system (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 1191-1210 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A computerized fermentation system was developed for use in a research environment. Major goals in the design and construction of the system were flexibility and versatility. Direct digital control is employed for all low-level and high-level control loops. A microminicomputer hierarchical configuration is used to implement this control structure. The microcomputer is also utilized to simplify the interface with the fermentor, both at the hardware and minicomputer software levels. This computerized fermentation system provides accurate data acquisition, excellent control, and flexibility in the fermentation operation.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260240516
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simple structured model for α-amylase synthesis by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 38 (1991), S. 1065-1081 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: mRNA ; transcription ; translation ; excretion ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A predictive, simple, structured model describing the synthesis of α-amylase by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens was formulated. Three key intracellular processes were identified (i.e, translation, and excretion) along with two key intracellular components (i.e., mRNA and the intracellular form of the α-amylase enzyme). Nearly all the model parameters were estimated by means of performing independent experiments, primarily fed-batch experiments. The model was shown to predict transient system behavior in batch and in fed-batch operation with some limitation and minor model parameter revisions. Since a principal objective was to demonstrate that independent experimental parameter determination can be used to construct the predictive model, further fine-tuning of the parameters may be necessary before application for optimization and control purposes.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260380916
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of yeast extract on α-amylase synthesis by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 33 (1989), S. 780-785 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260330616
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell growth and α-amylase production characteristics of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 33 (1989), S. 197-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Growth and α-amylase production characteristics of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain F (ATCC 23350) in batch cultures are examined using glucose or maltose as the carbon source. While the cell growth is rapid when glucose is used as the carbon source, higher cell mass, higher total and specific enzyme activities, and higher enzyme production rates are obtained when maltose is used as the carbon source. The overall specific enzyme activity decreases with an increase in the initial concentration of carbon source. The oxygen requirement and carbon dioxide generation vary linearly with the maximum amount of cell mass produced. For experiments conducted using glucose as the carbon source, the kinetics of cell growth and glucose consumption are described using a special form of the Vavilin equation. For a given amount of initial carbon source, the enzyme synthesis capability is retained by the microorganism, although at a substantially reduced level, under severe oxygen limitation.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260330209
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell growth and α-amylase production characteristics of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 34 (1989), S. 575-575 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260340419
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