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  • 1
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    Isolation of planctomycetes from Aplysina sponges (2003)
    Inter-Research
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0948-3055
    Electronic ISSN: 1616-1564
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Inter-Research
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
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    Sponges as ancient niches for marine bacteria (2004)
    Wissenschaftliche Verlags-Gesellschaft
    In:  In: Parasitism, commensalism, symbiosis : common themes, different outcome ; Leopoldina-Symposium, Würzburg, July 24 to 26, 2002. Nova acta Leopoldina : NAL ; Abhandlungen der Deutschen Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina, NF 333 = Bd. 88 . Wissenschaftliche Verlags-Gesellschaft, Stuttgart, Germany, pp. 101-106. ISBN 3-8047-2095-1
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-16
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 3
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    The HMA-LMA dichotomy revisited: an electronmicroscopical survey of 56 sponge species (2014)
    University of Chicago Press
    In:  Biological Bulletin, 227 (1). pp. 78-88.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-19
    Description: The dichotomy between high microbial abundance (HMA) and low microbial abundance (LMA) sponges has been long recognized. In the present study, 56 sponge species from three geographic regions (greater Caribbean, Mediterranean, Red Sea) were investigated by transmission electron microscopy for the presence of microorganisms in the mesohyl matrix. Additionally, bacterial enumeration by DAPI-counting was performed on a subset of samples. Of the 56 species investigated, 28 were identified as belonging to the HMA and 28 to the LMA category. The sponge orders Agelasida and Verongida consisted exclusively of HMA species, and the Poecilosclerida were composed only of LMA sponges. Other taxa contained both types of microbial associations (e.g., marine Haplosclerida, Homoscleromorpha, Dictyoceratida), and a clear phylogenetic pattern could not be identified. For a few sponge species, an intermediate microbial load was determined, and the microscopy data did not suffice to reliably determine HMA or LMA status. To experimentally determine the HMA or LMA status of a sponge species, we therefore recommend a combination of transmission electron microscopy and 16S rRNA gene sequence data. This study significantly expands previous reports on microbial abundances in sponge tissues and contributes to a better understanding of the HMA-LMA dichotomy in sponge-microbe symbioses.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 4
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    Microbial Diversity of Marine Sponges (2003)
    Springer
    In:  In: Sponges (Porifera). , ed. by Müller, W. E. G. Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology, 37 . Springer, Berlin, Germany, pp. 59-88. ISBN 978-3-642-62471-1
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-12-17
    Description: The recent application of molecular microbial ecology tools to sponge-microbe associations has revealed a glimpse into the biodiversity of these microbial communities, that is considered just ‘the tip of the iceberg’. This chapter provides an overview over these new findings with regard to identity, diversity and distribution patterns of sponge-associated microbial consortia. The sponges Aplysina aerophoba (Verongida), Rhopaloeides odorabile (Dicytoceratida) and Theonella swinhoei (Lithistida) were chosen as model systems for this review because they have been subject to both, cultivation-dependent and cultivation-independent approaches. A discussion of the microbial assemblages of Halichondria panicea is presented in the accompanying chapter by Imhoff and Stöhr. Considering that a large fraction of sponge-associated microbes is not yet amenable to cultivation, an emphasis has been placed on the techniques centering around the 16S rRNA gene. A section has been included that covers the potential of sponge microbial communities for drug discovery. Finally, a ‘sponge-microbe interaction model’ is presented that summarizes our current understanding of the processes that might have shaped the community structure of the microbial assemblages within sponges.
    Type: Book chapter , PeerReviewed
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  • 5
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    Isolation of planctomycetes from Aplysina sponges (2003)
    Inter Research
    In:  Aquatic Microbial Ecology, 33 . pp. 239-245.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-27
    Description: There is mounting molecular evidence that bacteria belonging to the phylum Planctomycetes are abundant in marine sponges including members of the genus Aplysina. In an attempt to culture planctomycete bacteria from Aplysina sponges, 116 bacterial strains were isolated on selective oligotrophic media. Screening of the strain collection by fluorescence in situ hybridization with the planctomycete-specific probe Pla46 yielded 3 positive candidates. Nearly complete sequencing of the respective 16S rRNA genes revealed that the isolates were affiliated with 2 distinct clusters of the genus Pirellula: 1 isolate was obtained from a Mediterranean sponge, 1 from a Caribbean sponge and a third from Caribbean seawater. To our knowledge this is the first report of cultured Planctomycetes from marine sponges. The isolates grew slowly on oligotrophic media and failed to grow on nutrient-rich media. Pirellula sp. Strain 797 was pink-pigmented while the other 2 isolates, 16 and 81, were non-pigmented. Transmission electron microscopy revealed a pear- or droplet-shaped cell morphology that is characteristic of the genus Pirellula. The application of strain-specific oligonucleotide probes to sponge tissue cryosections showed that the isolates contribute only a minor fraction to the total microbial community that is associated with Aplysina spp. sponges
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 6
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    Marine sponges as models for commensal microbe-host interactions (2007)
    Springer
    In:  Symbiosis, 44 . pp. 43-50.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-10
    Description: In nature, multiple-species rather than single-species microbial associations with plant or animal (including human) hosts are the rule more than the exception. Prominent examples are the microbial consortia of vertebrate intestines and cattle rumen. As many demosponges are associated with enormous amounts of microorganisms, contributing up to 40-60% of the sponge biomass, they are excellent models for marine multi-species, microbe-host associations. Representatives of at least eight different phyla, many of which contain few or no cultivated representatives, have been identified as specific members of the sponge-associated microbiota. Recent studies show that vertical transmission of symbionts through the larval stages rather than horizontal acquisition from seawater appears to be an important mechanism by which the complex and possibly ancient microbial consortia of sponges are formed.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 7
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    Morphological and molecular analyses of microorganisms in Caribbean reef adult sponges and in corresponding reproductive material (2008)
    Museu Nacional
    In:  In: Porifera Research Biodiversity, Innovation and Sustainability. , ed. by Custodio, M. R., Lobo-Hajdu, G., Haidu, E. and Muricy, G. Serie Livros / Museu Nacional, 28 . Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, pp. 561-568.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-06
    Description: Caribbean reef sponges were surveyed for the presence of microorganisms in the mesohyl tissue of adult sponges and the respective reproductive material (embryos, larvae). A clear correlation was found in that high microbial abundance (HMA) sponges always contained microorganisms in their reproductive stages. In contrast, low microbial abundance (LMA) sponges did not contain microorganisms in their reproductive stages. Based on these data, Ircinia felix Duchassaing and Michelotti, 1864 was chosen as a model organism for the molecular analysis of microorganisms within the adult sponge and its larvae and juveniles. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of eubacterial 16S rDNA sequences revealed similar banding patterns for the adult individual and its reproductive stages. However, resolution of the DGGE gel was found to be limited. Selected DGGE bands (n=21) were excised and sequenced. The majority of sequences were most similar to sequences obtained from other HMA sponges indicating the presence of members of the previously identified, sponge-specific community in the adult sponge and its reproductive stages.
    Type: Book chapter , PeerReviewed
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