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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Demonstration of intense glutamate-like immunoreactivity in the longitudinal nerve cords of the cestodeHymenolepis diminuta (1989)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 75 (1989), S. 545-548 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Glutamate-like immunoreactivity in the cestodeHymenolepis diminuta was studied at the light microscopic level using an antibody specifically directed against a reduced conjugate of glutamate linked to protein by glutaraldehyde. Relatively low levels of glutamate-like immunoreactivity were present in the subtegumental region, which was presumed to reflect an active metabolic pool. Relatively high levels of this reactivity were observed in the longitudinal nerve cords and associated cells, and somewhat lower levels were occasionally noted in ring commissures. The present data, in conjunction with previous studies on glutamate inH. diminuta, support the hypothesis that glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter in the platyhelminths.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00931163
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of histamine in the lumen contents of the small intestine of uninfected andHymenolepis diminuta-infected rats (1989)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 76 (1989), S. 162-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Using a specific radioenzymatic assay, histamine was detected and measured in the lumen contents of six different segments of the small intestine of uninfected rats and rats infected withHymenolepis diminuta as well as in worm tissues. The distribution of histamine in the lumen of the small intestine of uninfected rats was found to range from 1.4±0.1 μM in the first (anterior) segment to 0.59±0.13 mM in the sixth (posterior) segment. There were no significant differences between these concentrations and those found in the lumen contents of intestine from rats infected withH. diminuta. On the other hand, although mostH. diminuta was confined to the second and third segments, the concentration of histamine associated with the worm tissues (5.4±0.4 μM) was significantly lower than that inHymenolepis-containing intestinal segments. The data suggest that established infections ofH. diminuta do not cause a significant increase in histamine levels in host's intestinal lumen, nor do they affect the spatial gradient in the lumen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00930839
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrical field-stimulated release of L-[G-3H]-glutamate from tissue slices of the cestodeHymenolepis diminuta (1995)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 81 (1995), S. 173-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The release of preloaded [3H]-L-glutamate by tissue slices ofHymenolepis diminuta was examined by the technique of electrical field stimulation. For tissues slices in balanced saline, a high-field strength of 1.78 A resulted in a highly elevated increase in the rate of release of radiolabel, which was suppressed in calcium-free saline. This technique may prove useful for screening helminth tissues for potential neurotransmitters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00931627
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An acute dose of monosodiuml-glutamate causes decreased fecundity and enhanced loss of the cestodeHymenolepis diminuta from rats (1995)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 81 (1995), S. 202-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A method for the rapid quantitative analysis of eggs in the feces of rats infested withHymenolepis diminuta is described. In one experiment, eggs in the feces of individual rats were monitored for 8 days. Rats were provided with 1 ml saline vehicle or with 0.1 or 1 g monosodium glutamate (MSG) by stomach tube and egg production was monitored. Egg production decreased in saline vehicle-treated rats, but the decrease was significantly greater in the group treated with 1 g MSG. There was no significant change in fecal mass output from rats with different treatments. The number of worms harbored by rats treated with 1 g MSG was significantly lower than those of saline control-treated rats. In another experiment, neither anesthesia alone nor anesthesia with 1 g sucrose significantly reduced egg output as compared with that observed in untreated rats. Therefore, MSG has a significant negative effect on both the fecundity ofH. diminuta and the numbers of worms harbored by rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00937110
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intralamellar neurohemal complexes in the cerebral commissure of the leech Macrobdella decora (Say, 1824): An electron microscope study (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 163 (1980), S. 157-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Electron microscopy of the cerebral ganglionic commissure of the leech Macrobdella decora (Say, 1824) revealed numerous neurosecretory axons terminating in the neural lamella of both the inner and outer capsules, and in the neural lamella deep within the neuropile. The proximal protions of the terminals, with an investment of glial tissue, contain either numerous large homogeneously electron dense granules, or numerous large granules of varying electron density. The distal portions, often devoid of glia, display numerous infoldings, omega profiles, and electron dense focal sites, and contain numerous neurosecretory granules, small lucent vesicles, and, occasionally, acanthosomes. Statistical analysis of the size distribution and morphology of the neurosecretory granules showed that in many individual terminals the granules are not significantly different from those seen within four groups of neurosecretory cells found in the cerebral ganglion. These terminals, because of their diffuse nature, probably represent a neurohemal complex of a primitive nature. The term “intralamellar complexes” is proposed to describe the form and location of these neurosecretory terminals.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051630204
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The organization and fine structure of the muscles of the scolex of the cysticercoid of Hymenolepis microstoma (1977)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 154 (1977), S. 339-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The organization and fine structure of the muscles of the scolex of the cysticercoid of Hymenolepis microstoma are described. The contractile apparatus consists of thick (175-325 Å diameter × 1.4 μm) and thin (60-80 Å diameter × 1 μm) filaments. The thick filaments are occasionally attached to the thin filaments by cross bridges. The thin filaments are attached to the dense bodies or to a dense zone at the sarcolemma at muscle insertions. In contracted muscle the thick filaments appear as quasi-hexagonal arrays or in lines. Each thick filament is surrounded by an orbit of up to 12 thin filaments, which in turn may be shared by adjacent thick filaments. Thin filaments may be present in quasi-rectangular or hexagonal groupings indicating some low order degree of actin lattice. The fusiform dense bodies (1,500 Å × 900 Å), consisting of up to 25 discrete substructures, are distributed uniformly throughout the myofiber and/or attached to the sarcolemma at attachment plaques. The sarcoplasmic reticulum, consisting of a presumed anastomosing network of tubules is structurally connected to the sarcolemma by periodic deposits of electron opaque material. Sarcoplasmic extensions of the myofiber(s) contain the nucleus, Golgi complexes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, β-glycogen, mitochondria and membrane bound electron dense structures. Upon activation of the metacestode, groups of α-glycogen and enlargement of the rough endoplasmic reticulum were observed. Microtubules which were conspicuously absent from the sarcoplasm of the unactivated worms appeared adjacent to the myofibers in activated worms.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051540303
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