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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distinction of emigration by telotroch formation and death by predation in peritrich ciliates: SEM observations on the remaining stalk ends (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 62 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations of remaining stalk ends were made to distinguish emigration by telotroch formation and death by predation in sessile peritrich ciliates (protozoa). Carchesium polypinum had nail head-like stalk ends after the formation of telotrochs and Epistylis sp. had cone-shaped stalk ends. When the peritrichs were preyed upon by Chaetogaster diastrophus (Oligochaeta) or Eosphora anthadis (Rotifera) the stalks remaining showed jagged ends. From these results emigration could be detected by the nail head-shaped stalk ends for C. polypinum and the cone shapes for Epistylis sp. Predation could be detected by the remaining jagged stalk ends.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1989.tb03652.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of food density on respiration rate of two crustacean plankters, Daphnia galeata and Bosmina longirostris (1990)
    Springer
    Oecologia 82 (1990), S. 362-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Respiration rate ; Daphnia ; Bosmina ; Food concentration ; Specific dynamic action
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The influence of food density on respiration rate was measured for two cladoceran plankton species, Daphnia galeata and Bosmina longirostris, over the range 0 to 2.5 mg C 1-1, using the modified Winkler technique in order to examine how this affects the respiration rate and whether the functional response is the same in the two species. The respiration rate for animals of equivalent body size did not differ significantly between the two species in the absence of food, but was significantly lower in Bosmina longirostris than Daphnia galeata at high food density. Within a species, the response of respiration rate to changing food density did not differ among individuals of different body size. The respiration rate of D. galeata increased with increasing food density and reached a plateau at a high food density. A similar response curve was also found with the respiration rate of B. longirostris, although the response was less conspicuous. This response curve cannot be explained by the energy cost of known feeding behavior in cladocerans. Since the respiration rate related linearly with the assimilation rate, increase in food density seemed to increase the respiration rate by increasing the energetic cost required to process food biochemically, known as specific dynamic action.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00317484
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Large but variable particulate flux in the Antarctic Ocean and its significance for the chemistry of Antarctic water (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of oceanography 42 (1986), S. 83-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-868X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Settling particles were collected at 1,460 m and 3,760 m depth in the Antarctic Ocean with sediment traps of time series type. The total deployment period of 40 days was divided into four terms of 10 days each. Seawater samples were collected both at deployment and retrieval of the traps at each site. During the 42 days the concentration of silicate in the surface water decreased by 32%, whereas those of nitrate and phosphate decreased by only 4–5%. The total particulate flux in the Antarctic Ocean is the largest among those hitherto observed in the world ocean. The time variation of the particulate flux at 1,460 m depth almost coincided with that at 3,760 m. The settling particles were comprised roughly of 80% biogenic silica, 15% organic matter and 5% other substances including sea salt. The clay fraction was only 0.05% at 1,460 m depth. The settling flux of biogenic silica agrees fairly well with the calculated rate of change in the concentration of silicate in the surface 100 m. Thus it is concluded that preferential propagation of diatoms reduces the concentration of silicate prior to other nutrients in the Antarctic Ocean.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02109094
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of silicate in seawater by inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of oceanography 48 (1992), S. 283-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-868X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP) was adopted for direct analysis of silicate in seawater, eliminating necessity for pre-treatment. Via this method, the determination of silicate is rapid and easy compared with conventional methods of colorimetry. In seawater analysis, a decrease of sensitivity of about 24% was observed due to interference by coexisting elements, mainly Na. Examination of the analytical conditions revealed a detection limit of 0.3 μM Si, and precisions of approximately 3.2, 2.0 and 1.3% for Si levels of 4, 15 and 94 μM, respectively. Using this method, silicate determination in the East China Sea was attempted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02233988
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of dissolved silicate in the occurrence of a phytoplankton bloom (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of oceanography 39 (1983), S. 231-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-868X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The spring bloom of phytoplankton was studied in March in Funka Bay, Japan, to test the Tsunogai (1979)'s hypothesis regarding the role of silicate in the bloom. The hypothesis comprises two parts. 1) Diatoms are predominant when all the physical and chemical conditions are adequate for plankton growth. 2) Since the Si:P ratio of the diatom body is usually much larger than that of sea water, flagellates (non-siliceous phytoplankton) replace diatoms after dissolved silicate in the sea water has been almost completely consumed by diatoms. At the end of the bloom in late March phosphate still remained in the water but silicate was exhausted and the main species of phytoplankton changed from diatoms to flagellates. Grazing pressure by zooplankton at this time was not so great. A model using the data on assimilation rates of silicate showed a dramatic change of silicate uptake in late March. Poison in scallops caused byProtogonyaulux sp. (dinoflagellates) rapidly increased from mid-April at all stations along the coast of Funka Bay. All of these findings support Tsunogai's hypothesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02070393
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal change of protozoa and micrometazoa in a small pond with leaf litter supply (1981)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 85 (1981), S. 161-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: microfauna ; leaf litter decomposition ; aquatic food web ; ciliate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Protozoa and micrometazoa were observed in a small pond with leaf litter over a 2 year period. The total number of taxa observed in this pond was 83 protozoans and 30 micrometazoans, and the correspondence of each taxon and the habitats of surface water, leaf litter on the pond bottom and sedimented mud was noted. The microfauna in the litter on the pond bottom had a higher diversity than in the water or the sedimented mud. Patterns of seasonal change in the density of organisms — with one or two peaks in a year — were recognized in some taxa of protozoa and micrometazoa. Most peaks of bacterivorous protozoa in the leaf litter appeared in late autumn and spring. This phenomenon is considered to be closely related to the litter decomposition, because reduction of dissolved oxygen and/ or high bacterial density were observed in these two seasons. Nineteen species of protozoa from this pond were cultured in vitro with fallen leaves. From the results of the cultures and the observation of food vacuoles of protozoa in situ, part of the food web of the microfauna in the pond was estimated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00006626
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of bottom sediments in sustaining plankton production in a Lake ecosystem — Experimental demonstration using enclosed water bodies in a shallow eutrophic Lake (1989)
    Springer
    Ecological research 4 (1989), S. 1-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1703
    Keywords: Bottom sediments ; Ecosystem ; Enclosure experiment ; Nutrient ; Plankton
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Using large enclosures set in Lake Suwa, experimental studies were conducted to examine the effects of bottom sediments on plankton production in a natural lake ecosystem. Successive changes in biotic and abiotic components in two types of enclosure with and without bottom sediments were surveyed throughout a one-month period in the early fall of 1985. Remarkable differences were found between the two types of enclosure with regard to the time courses of abundance of chlorophyll, PON, PP, TN, TP and zooplankton as well as those of POC/PON and POC/Chl ratios and primary production rate in terms of mg N m−2 day−1. Quantitative examination of the major causes of these differences revealed that the release of nitrogen and phosphorus from the bottom sediments was significantly effective for sustaining the active production of phytoplankton cells with a high nitrogen and phosphorus content, subsequently resulting in active zooplankton growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02346940
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of long wave ultraviolet radiation (UV-A) on the photosynthetic activity of natural population of freshwater phytoplankton (1993)
    Springer
    Ecological research 8 (1993), S. 225-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1703
    Keywords: lakes ; photo-inhibition ; photosynthesis-irradiance curve ; phytoplankton photosynthesis ; ultraviolet radiation (UV-A)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of ultraviolet radiation on diel changes and depth profiles of phytoplankton photosynthesis was studied in four temperate freshwater lakes. Photosynthetic oxygen production was determined by incubating lake water in light and dark bottles under various weather conditions. Half the light bottles were wrapped with sheets of vinyl chloride film to exclude light with wavelengths shorter than 400 nm. The inhibition of photosynthesis due to UV-A (320–400 nm) was observed during most of the daytime and was very strong around noon on both sunny and cloudy days. On sunny days, when the surface waters of the highly eutrophic Lake Suwa and Senzoku Pond were dominated by denseMicrocystis populations, cumulative daily production at the surface, estimated from the incubation of bottles from which UV-A was excluded by the vinyl film, were about double the rates obtained from glass bottles in which UV-A was present. The UV-A inhibition was detected from the surface toca 20 cm depth in hypereutrophic lakes and at depths greater than 50 cm in mesotrophic lakes. Analysis of the photosynthesis-irradiance (P-I) relationship obtained in the present study shows β, a parameter that describes photo-inhibition, is higher in the presence of UV-A than in its absence. This indicates that UV-A is the major cause of photo-inhibition of phytoplankton photosynthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02348535
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of food conditions on the bacterial feeding of Daphnia galeata (1991)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 225 (1991), S. 121-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Daphnia galeata ; bacteria ; Chlamydomonas ; clearance rate ; ingestion efficiency ; feeding mechanism ; zooplankton ; adaptation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Feeding selectivities of Daphnia galeata were measured using various density combinations of 14C-labeled Chlamydomonas and 3H-labeled natural bacteria. In all food combinations, D. galeata preferred algae. Selectivity coefficient (bacterial clearance rate: algal clearance rate) was 0.35 at the level of incipient food limitation (1.5 × 106 µm3 ml−1).However, it increased up to 0.9 with increasing total food concentration. A simple mechanical sieving model alone cannot explain such a change in the selectivity coefficient. A mechanism of ‘clogging’ suggestively explain the increase of bacterial ingestion efficiency by D. galeata, especially at high food concentrations. The change of selectivity coefficient related to food condition suggests that bacterial feeding by the Daphnia is incidental event associated with the algal feeding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00028391
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  • 10
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    A Study of the Excretion and Extracellular Products of Natural Phytoplankton in Lake Nakanuma, Japan (1980)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-01-01
    Print ISSN: 1434-2944
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-2632
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley
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