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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetization and magnetic susceptibility of the diluted magnetic semiconductor Cd1−xMnxGa2Se4 : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 5736-5738 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Cd1−xMnxGa2Se4 crystals were grown by the vapor-phase transport technique. Magnetization measurements have been done at 1.5 K and magnetic fields up to 7 T by using extraction method on the samples with 0.05≤x≤1. A modified Brillouin function fits the data and the fitting parameters T0 (≥0) and Seff are obtained. These results reflect that there exists a weak antiferromagnetic interaction among Mn++ ions. The magnetic susceptibility was measured in the temperature range 1.5 K≤T≤300 K by using a vibrating sample magnetometer. The susceptibility displays a high-temperature Curie–Weiss behavior. From quantative analysis the exchange integral constant (J1+2J2+J3)/kB was obtained to be ∼−1.5 K.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353608
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The precipitation of kinks on stepped Si(111) surfaces (1991)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 94 (1991), S. 8384-8389 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: High resolution low-energy electron diffraction, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have been used to study the temperature dependence of a vicinal (stepped) Si(111) surface with a polar angle of 6° from (111) along an azimuth rotated about 10° away from the high symmetry [1¯1¯2] direction. At the (1×1) to (7×7) reconstructive transition, the kinks at the step edges precipitate into a phase with high step density and increased rotation from the [1¯1¯2] direction, leaving behind a [1¯1¯2] oriented phase with triple-layer height steps and (7×7) reconstruction. The inclination and azimuth of the orientation of the kinked phase change continuously with temperature. When the surface is cooled to room temperature, STM images confirm a coexistence between the [1¯1¯2] oriented step-tripling phase and the kinked phase. In the step-tripling phase, the steps are very straight (kinks are rare) and oriented in the [1¯1¯2] direction. There is a small fraction of single-layer height steps between the predominant triple-layer height steps. All the terraces in this phase are (7×7) reconstructed. In the kinked phase, steps with a high density of kinks are bunched together and rotated to a direction about 45° away from [1¯1¯2]. TEM images of the surface topography also confirm the phase coexistence on a macroscopic scale. This phase separation (azimuthal faceting) is reversible, and can be understood thermodynamically by analogy with phase separation in a two-component fluid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.460070
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photodetachment photoelectron spectroscopy of multiply charged anions using electrospray ionization (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 1957-1966 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A magnetic-bottle time-of-flight (TOF) photoelectron spectrometer, coupled with an electrospray ionization source, has been developed for the investigation of multiply charged anions in the gas phase. Anions formed in the electrospray source are guided by a radio-frequency quadrupole ion guide into a quadrupole ion trap, where the ions are accumulated. A unique feature of this apparatus involves the coupling of a TOF mass spectrometer to the ion trap with perpendicular ion extraction. The ion trap significantly improves the duty cycle of the experiments and allows photodetachment experiments to be performed with low repetition-rate lasers (10–20 Hz). This novel combination makes the photodetachment photoelectron spectroscopy studies of multiply charged anions possible for the first time. Furthermore, the perpendicular extraction of ions, pulsed out of the ion trap, to the TOF mass spectrometer allows the ion energies to be conveniently referenced to ground, simplifying the configuration of the TOF mass spectrometer and the subsequent magnetic-bottle TOF photoelectron spectrometer. The mass resolution (M/ΔM) achieved is about 800 for smaller ions. The magnetic-bottle photoelectron spectrometer resolution is about 11 meV full width at half maximum for 0.5 eV photoelectrons with an overall resolution of ΔE/E∼2%. The detailed design, construction, and operation of the new apparatus are presented. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149694
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time-resolved fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy using a picosecond pulsed tunable dye laser system (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 3722-3731 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The design and implementation of a time-resolved fluorescence lifetime imaging microscope (TRFLIM) for the biomedical sciences are described. The measurement of fluorescence lifetimes offers many benefits, among which is that they are independent of local signal intensity and concentration of the fluorophore and they provide visualization of the molecular environment in a single living cell. Unlike single photon counting, which employs a photomultiplier as the detector, TRFLIM uses a nanosecond-gated multichannel plate image intensifier providing a two-dimensional map of the spatial distribution of fluorescent lifetime in the sample under observation. Picosecond laser pulses from a tunable dye laser are delivered to the fluorophore inside living cells on the stage of a fluorescent microscope. Images of the fluorescence emission at various times during the decay of the fluorescence are collected using a high-speed gated image intensifier and the lifetimes are calculated on a pixel-by-pixel basis. Lifetimes measured by TRFLIM are compared with those measured by conventional methods. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147139
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural model of sulfur on GaAs(100) (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 2715-2717 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Based both on previous experimental results and new low-energy electron diffraction measurements, we propose a structural model for the sulfur passivating layer on GaAs(100). The model consists of S-Ga dimers that form a (2×1) superstructure on top of a complete Ga layer. This structure possesses stable electrostatic and electronic properties which lead to excellent surface passivation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.356203
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetization and specific heat studies of Gd2In : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 5403-5405 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have measured the temperature and magnetic field dependence of the magnetization for Gd2In. The results show that Gd2In exhibits a helical ferromagnetic transition at 190 K and an antiferromagnetic transition at 100 K in zero and low applied fields. Both the helical ferromagnetic state at temperatures between 100 and 190 K and the antiferromagnetic state at low temperatures are transformed to a simple ferromagnetic state by high applied fields. The antiferromagnetic transition temperature decreases with increasing applied field and approaches zero at H=25 kOe. We have also measured the temperature dependence of the specific heat for Gd2In. The data show two distinct specific heat anomalies which are associated with the two magnetic transitions. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362319
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and photoluminescence of AlP/GaP short-period superlattices grown by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 524-532 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Short-period superlattices of (AlP)m/(GaP)n (m, n=4–11.5) are grown by atmospheric pressure organometallic vapor phase epitaxy using tertiarybutylphosphine as a phosphorus source. Structural and optical properties of the grown superlattices are characterized by double-crystal x-ray diffraction and photoluminescence (PL) measurements, respectively. By comparing the measured and the calculated full width at half-maximum of satellite peaks, we find that very high quality superlattices with atomically abrupt heterointerfaces are achieved. Strong emission of bound exciton is observed at low temperature. The exciton emission, however, disappears quickly as the temperature is increased, and only PL lines due to impurity recombination remain at high temperature ((approximately-greater-than)30 K). No evident phonon replica is observed in the PL spectra. From these results, a direct band-gap structure seems to be realized as expected from the zone-folding effect. However, the absence of band-to-band direct transition at high temperature suggests that the direct transition probability between the zone-folded conduction band and the valence band is not so large.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.357105
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Large excited state Stokes shift in crescent-shaped AlGaAs/GaAs quantum wires (1997)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 71 (1997), S. 2130-2132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The Stokes shifts of the ground and the excited states in a crescent-shaped AlGaAs/GaAs quantum wire (QWR) are investigated using photoluminescence (PL) and PL excitation spectroscopy. The first excited electron to heavy-hole transition showed a Stokes shift (∼17 meV) considerably larger than that of ground state-related transitions (∼4 meV). This is a quite different phenomenon than that observed in two dimensional quantum well structures, and can be explained by the spatial separation of wave functions with different confinement energies in crescent-shaped QWRs. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.119358
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of shapes and orientations of scatterers and lattice symmetries on the photonic band gap in two-dimensional photonic crystals (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 90 (2001), S. 4307-4313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The photonic band structures of two-dimensional photonic crystals consisting of lattices with different symmetries and scatterers of various shapes, orientations, and sizes are studied numerically. Specifically, four types of lattices (triangular, hexagonal, square, and rectangular) and five different shapes of scatterers (hexagon, circle, square, rectangle, and ellipse) are considered. The scatterers are either dielectric rods in air, or air rods in dielectric media. The lattice symmetry and all these properties of the scatterers can affect the band gap size. Given a lattice symmetry, the largest absolute photonic band gap is achieved by selecting a scatterer of the same symmetry; e.g., hexagonal rods in triangular or honeycomb lattices, square rods in square lattices, and rectangular rods in rectangular lattices. The band gap can be further maximized by adjusting the orientation and size of the scatterers; but no simple, systematic rules can be drawn. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1406965
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strong photoluminescence from AlP/GaP disordered superlattice grown by atmospheric pressure organometallic vapor phase epitaxy using tertiarybutylphosphine (1993)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 62 (1993), S. 888-890 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: AlP/GaP disordered superlattices (d-SLs) are grown for the first time by atmospheric pressure organometallic vapor phase epitaxy using tertiarybutylphosphine as the phosphorous source. Strong photoluminescence (PL) is observed from the d-SL, comparing with the ordered superlattice (o-SL) and the bulk alloy (b-AL). The PL intensity of the d-SL is 158 times stronger than that of the o-SL and 114 times than that of the b-AL. The strong PL from the d-SL is attributed to the localized states created by the artificial disordering.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.108556
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