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  • 1
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    A High-Density Seismic Network for Earthquake Early Warning in Taiwan Based on Low Cost Sensors (2013)
    Seismological Society of America (SSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-25
    Print ISSN: 0895-0695
    Electronic ISSN: 1938-2057
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Seismological Society of America (SSA)
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  • 2
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    Structure and magnetism in the bond-frustrated spinel ZnCr_{2} Se_{4} (2017)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Author(s): P. Zajdel, W.-Y. Li, W. van Beek, A. Lappas, A. Ziolkowska, S. Jaskiewicz, C. Stock, and M. A. Green The crystal and magnetic structures of stoichiometric ZnC r 2 S e 4 have been investigated using synchrotron x-ray and neutron powder diffraction, muon spin relaxation ( μ SR ) , and inelastic neutron scattering. Synchrotron x-ray diffraction shows a spin-lattice distortion from the cubic F d 3 ¯ m spinel to a t… [Phys. Rev. B 95, 134401] Published Mon Apr 03, 2017
    Keywords: Magnetism
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 3
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    Iron isotopic systematics of UHP eclogites respond to oxidizing fluid during exhumation (2016)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-10
    Description: The iron stable isotope compositions ( δ 56 Fe) and iron valence states of ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) eclogites from Bixiling in the Dabie orogen belt, China, were measured to trace changes of geochemical conditions during vertical transportation of earth materials, for example, oxygen fugacity. The bulk Fe 3+ /ΣFe ratios of retrograde eclogites, determined by Mössbauer spectroscopy, are consistently higher than those of fresh eclogites, suggesting oxidation during retrograde metamorphism and fluid infiltration. The studied eclogites (five samples) display limited MORB-like (~0.10 ‰) δ 56 Fe values, which are indistinguishable from their protoliths, i.e., gabbro cumulates formed through differentiation of mantle-derived basaltic magma. This suggests that Fe isotope fractionation during continental subduction is limited. Garnet separates display limited δ 56 Fe variation ranging from -0.08 ± 0.07 ‰ to 0.02 ± 0.07‰, whereas coexisting omphacite displays a large variation of δ 56 Fe values from 0.15 ± 0.07 ‰ to 0.47 ± 0.07 ‰. Omphacite also has highly variable Fe 3+ /ΣFe ratios from 0.367 ± 0.025 to 0.598 ± 0.024, indicating modification after peak metamorphism. Omphacite from retrograde eclogites has elevated Fe 3+ /ΣFe ratios (0.54 - 0.60) compared to that from fresh eclogites (~0.37), whereas garnet displays a narrow range of ferric iron content with Fe 3+ /ΣFe ratios from 0.039 ± 0.013 to 0.065 ± 0.022. The homogenous δ 56 Fe values and Fe 3+ /ΣFe ratios of garnet suggest that it survived the retrograde metamorphism and preserved its Fe isotopic features and ferric contents of peak metamorphism. Because of similar diffusion rates of Fe & Mg in garnet and omphacite, and constant Δ 26 Mg omphacite-garnet values (1.14 ± 0.04‰), equilibrium iron isotope fractionation between garnet and omphacite was probably achieved during peak metamorphism. Elevated Fe 3+ /ΣFe ratios of omphacite from retrograde eclogites and variant Δ 56 Fe omphacite-garnet values of the studied eclogites (0.13 ± 0.10 ‰ to 0.48 ± 0.10 ‰) indicate that oxidized geofuild infiltration resulted in elevation of δ 56 Fe values of omphacite during retrograde metamorphism. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0263-4929
    Electronic ISSN: 1525-1314
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Wiley
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  • 4
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    Spatial distribution of Kelvin-Helmholtz instability at low-latitude boundary layer under different solar wind speed conditions (2012)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-08-29
    Description: Using the PPMLR-MHD global simulation model, we examined the Kelvin-Helmholtz (K-H) instability at the low-latitude boundary layer (LLBL) under northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions with various solar wind speeds (400, 600, and 800 km/s). The spatial distribution of the K-H wave power in the equatorial plane shows two distinct power populations, referring to the two modes of K-H surface waves. The spatial evolution of K-H instability at the boundary layer is classified into four phases: quasi-stable, exponential growth, linear growth, and nonlinear phases. The boundary layer is quasi-stable near the subsolar point region. The K-H instability starts at about 30° longitude, and grows exponentially with a spatial growth rate of 0.28∼0.87 RE−1 until ∼45° longitude where the vortices fully develop. At larger longitudes, the instability grows linearly, while the vortices grow in size. From ∼80° longitude to the distant magnetotail, the K-H instability develops nonlinearly and the vortices roll up. The wave frequency, wavelength, and phase speed are given at various spatial points. Model results show that the higher solar wind speed generates K-H waves with higher frequency under the northward IMF, and the wavelengths and the phase speeds increase with the increase of the longitude. Moreover, we made a comparison of the K-H wave periods on Earth's, Mercury's and Saturn's magnetopauses by a proposed prediction method.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 5
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    The magnetosphere under the radial interplanetary magnetic field: a numerical study (2013)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-07
    Description: [1]  We investigate the magnetosphere under radial interplanetary magnetic fields (IMF) by using global magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) simulations. The magnetosphere-ionosphere system falls into an unexpected state under this specific IMF orientation when the solar wind electric field vanishes. The most important features that characterize this state include: (1) magnetic reconnections can still occur, which take place at the equatorward of the cusp in one hemisphere, the tailward of the cusp in the other hemisphere, and also in the plasma sheet; (2)significant north-south asymmetry exists in both magnetosphere and ionosphere; (3) the polar ionosphere mainly presents a weak two-cell convection pattern, with the polar cap potential valued at ~0 kV; (4) the whole magnetosphere-ionosphere system stays in a very quiet state, and the AL index does not exceed -70nT; (5) The Kelvin-Helmholtz (K-H) instability can still be excited at both flanks of the magnetosphere. These results imply the controlling role of the IMF direction between the solar wind and magnetosphere interactions, and improve our understanding of the solar wind-magnetosphere-ionosphere system.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 6
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    Research on the Application of a 3-m Transmitter Loop for TEM Surveys in Mountainous Areas (2014)
    Environmental & Engineering Geophysical Society (EEGS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-15
    Description: Large loop transient electromagnetic (TEM) is a widely used surface exploration method for mapping electrically conductive bodies. However, when working in the mountainous areas of China, it is difficult to lay out large enough transmitter loops for conventional surveys. An option for this type of terrain is a newly designed TEM survey configuration that uses a small 3-m square loop in combination with a high current (1,000 A to 2,000 A) TEM transmitter to excite a powerful EM field for detecting targets at greater depths. The detection depth of the system is analyzed. After comparing the responses as well as the detection depths between this special system and standard large loop configurations, it is shown that: 1) a small loop system can result in a detection depth similar to that of a large loop system; and 2) a small loop system is superior to a large loop during shallow depth target detection as well as in mountainous areas. Sufficient signal intensity can be obtained by a small central loop configuration equipped with a high current transmitter and a large equivalent area receiver coil. A large trial survey was conducted on the surface of mountainous areas in the Shanxi Province of China. This TEM survey showed that the 3-m by 3-m transmitter loop system was an effective method for deep TEM sounding in mountainous areas.
    Print ISSN: 1083-1363
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-2658
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Environmental & Engineering Geophysical Society (EEGS)
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  • 7
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    Crescent‐shaped electron distributions at the non‐reconnecting magnetopause: Magnetospheric Multiscale observations (2019)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract Crescent‐shaped electron distributions perpendicular to the magnetic field are an important indicator of the electron diffusion region in magnetic reconnection. They can be formed by the electron finite gyroradius effect at plasma boundaries or by demagnetized electron motion. In this study, we present Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission observations of electron crescents at the flank magnetopause on 2017 September 20, where reconnection signatures are not observed. These agyrotropic electron distributions are generated by electron gyromotion at the thin electron‐scale magnetic boundaries of a magnetic minimum after magnetic curvature scattering. The variation of their angular range in the perpendicular plane is in good agreement with predictions. Upper hybrid waves are observed to accompany the electron crescents at all four MMS spacecraft as a result of the beam‐plasma instability associated with these agyrotropic electron distributions. This study suggests electron crescents can be more frequently formed at the magnetopause.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 8
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    IDH1(R132H) mutation increases murine haematopoietic progenitors and alters epigenetics (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-06
    Description: Mutations in the IDH1 and IDH2 genes encoding isocitrate dehydrogenases are frequently found in human glioblastomas and cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukaemias (AML). These alterations are gain-of-function mutations in that they drive the synthesis of the 'oncometabolite' R-2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG). It remains unclear how IDH1 and IDH2 mutations modify myeloid cell development and promote leukaemogenesis. Here we report the characterization of conditional knock-in (KI) mice in which the most common IDH1 mutation, IDH1(R132H), is inserted into the endogenous murine Idh1 locus and is expressed in all haematopoietic cells (Vav-KI mice) or specifically in cells of the myeloid lineage (LysM-KI mice). These mutants show increased numbers of early haematopoietic progenitors and develop splenomegaly and anaemia with extramedullary haematopoiesis, suggesting a dysfunctional bone marrow niche. Furthermore, LysM-KI cells have hypermethylated histones and changes to DNA methylation similar to those observed in human IDH1- or IDH2-mutant AML. To our knowledge, our study is the first to describe the generation and characterization of conditional IDH1(R132H)-KI mice, and also the first report to demonstrate the induction of a leukaemic DNA methylation signature in a mouse model. Our report thus sheds light on the mechanistic links between IDH1 mutation and human AML.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4005896/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4005896/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sasaki, Masato -- Knobbe, Christiane B -- Munger, Joshua C -- Lind, Evan F -- Brenner, Dirk -- Brustle, Anne -- Harris, Isaac S -- Holmes, Roxanne -- Wakeham, Andrew -- Haight, Jillian -- You-Ten, Annick -- Li, Wanda Y -- Schalm, Stefanie -- Su, Shinsan M -- Virtanen, Carl -- Reifenberger, Guido -- Ohashi, Pamela S -- Barber, Dwayne L -- Figueroa, Maria E -- Melnick, Ari -- Zuniga-Pflucker, Juan-Carlos -- Mak, Tak W -- R01 AI081773/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- England -- Nature. 2012 Aug 30;488(7413):656-9. doi: 10.1038/nature11323.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C1, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22763442" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Animals ; Bone Marrow/pathology ; Cell Lineage ; CpG Islands/genetics ; DNA Methylation ; Disease Models, Animal ; Epigenesis, Genetic/*genetics ; Female ; Gene Knock-In Techniques ; Glioma/pathology ; Hematopoiesis ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*cytology/metabolism ; Histones/metabolism ; Humans ; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase/*genetics/*metabolism ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics ; Male ; Mice ; Mutant Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Mutation/*genetics ; Myeloid Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Spleen/pathology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 9
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    Observations of kinetic-size magnetic holes in the magnetosheath (2017)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-10
    Description: Magnetic holes (MHs), with a scale much greater than ρ i (proton gyroradius), have been widely reported in various regions of space plasmas. On the other hand, kinetic-size magnetic holes (KSMHs), previously called small size magnetic holes (SSMHs), with a scale of the order of magnitude of or less than ρ i have only been reported in the Earth's magnetospheric plasma sheet. In this study, we report such KSMHs in the magnetosheath whereby we use measurements from the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission, which provides three-dimensional (3D) particle distribution measurements with a resolution much higher than previous missions. The MHs have been observed in a scale of 10 ~ 20 ρ e (electron gyroradii) and lasted 0.1 ~ 0.3 s. Distinctive electron dynamics features are observed, while no substantial deviations in ion data are seen. It is found that at the 90° pitch angle, the flux of electrons with energy 34 ~ 66 eV decreased while for electrons of energy 109 ~ 1024 eV increased inside the MHs. We also find the electron flow vortex perpendicular to the magnetic field, a feature self-consistent with the magnetic depression. Moreover, the calculated current density is mainly contributed by the electron diamagnetic drift, and the electron vortex flow is the diamagnetic drift flow. The electron magnetohydrodynamics (EMHD) soliton is considered as a possible generation mechanism for the KSMHs with the scale size of 10 ~ 20 ρ e .
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 10
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    Satellite-based entanglement distribution over 1200 kilometers (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-16
    Description: Long-distance entanglement distribution is essential for both foundational tests of quantum physics and scalable quantum networks. Owing to channel loss, however, the previously achieved distance was limited to ~100 kilometers. Here we demonstrate satellite-based distribution of entangled photon pairs to two locations separated by 1203 kilometers on Earth, through two satellite-to-ground downlinks with a summed length varying from 1600 to 2400 kilometers. We observed a survival of two-photon entanglement and a violation of Bell inequality by 2.37 ± 0.09 under strict Einstein locality conditions. The obtained effective link efficiency is orders of magnitude higher than that of the direct bidirectional transmission of the two photons through telecommunication fibers.
    Keywords: Physics, Applied, Physics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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