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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Evaporation from pans and lakes (1955)
    Washington, DC. : US Gov. Print. Off.
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    Call number: MOP Per 350/A(38)
    In: Research paper
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: IV, 21 S.
    Series Statement: Research paper / US Department of Commerce, Weather Bureau 38
    Location: MOP - must be ordered
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 2
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    Heat flux viscosity in collisional magnetized plasmas (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-12
    Description: Momentum transport in collisional magnetized plasmas due to gradients in the heat flux, a “heat flux viscosity,” is demonstrated. Even though no net particle flux is associated with a heat flux, in a plasma there can still be momentum transport owing to the velocity dependence of the Coulomb collision frequency, analogous to the thermal force. This heat-flux viscosity may play an important role in numerous plasma environments, in particular, in strongly driven high-energy-density plasma, where strong heat flux can dominate over ordinary plasma flows. The heat flux viscosity can influence the dynamics of the magnetic field in plasmas through the generalized Ohm's law and may therefore play an important role as a dissipation mechanism allowing magnetic field line reconnection. The heat flux viscosity is calculated directly using the finite-difference method of Epperlein and Haines [Phys. Fluids 29 , 1029 (1986)], which is shown to be more accurate than Braginskii's method [S. I. Braginskii, Rev. Plasma Phys. 1 , 205 (1965)], and confirmed with one-dimensional collisional particle-in-cell simulations. The resulting transport coefficients are tabulated for ease of application.
    Print ISSN: 1070-664X
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7674
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 3
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    The relationship between manuscript title structure and success: editorial decisions and citation performance for an ecological journal (2015)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-17
    Description: A poorly chosen article title may make a paper difficult to discover or discourage readership when discovered, reducing an article's impact. Yet, it is unclear how the structure of a manuscript's title influences readership and impact. We used manuscript tracking data for all manuscripts submitted to the journal Functional Ecology from 2004 to 2013 and citation data for papers published in this journal from 1987 to 2011 to examine how title features changed and whether a manuscript's title structure was predictive of success during the manuscript review process and/or impact (citation) after publication. Titles of manuscripts submitted to Functional Ecology became marginally longer (after controlling for other variables), broader in focus (less frequent inclusion of genus and species names), and included more humor and subtitles over the period of the study. Papers with subtitles were less likely to be rejected by editors both pre- and post-peer review, although both effects were small and the presence of subtitles in published papers was not predictive of citations. Papers with specific names of study organisms in their titles fared poorly during editorial (but not peer) review and, if published, were less well cited than papers whose titles did not include specific names. Papers with intermediate length titles were more successful during editorial review, although the effect was small and title word count was not predictive of citations. No features of titles were predictive of reviewer willingness to review papers or the length of time a paper was in peer review. We conclude that titles have changed in structure over time, but features of title structure have only small or no relationship with success during editorial review and post-publication impact. The title feature that was most predictive of manuscript success: papers whose titles emphasize broader conceptual or comparative issues fare better both pre- and post-publication than do papers with organism-specific titles. Manuscript titles have changed in structure over time. Most features of manuscript titles have only weak relationships with success during editorial review or post-publication impact. The title feature that matters most: papers whose titles emphasize broader conceptual or comparative issues fare better both pre- and post-publication than do papers with organism-specific titles.
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-7758
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley
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  • 4
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    Two-dimensional vibrational-electronic spectroscopy (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-17
    Description: Two-dimensional vibrational-electronic (2D VE) spectroscopy is a femtosecond Fourier transform (FT) third-order nonlinear technique that creates a link between existing 2D FT spectroscopies in the vibrational and electronic regions of the spectrum. 2D VE spectroscopy enables a direct measurement of infrared (IR) and electronic dipole moment cross terms by utilizing mid-IR pump and optical probe fields that are resonant with vibrational and electronic transitions, respectively, in a sample of interest. We detail this newly developed 2D VE spectroscopy experiment and outline the information contained in a 2D VE spectrum. We then use this technique and its single-pump counterpart (1D VE) to probe the vibrational-electronic couplings between high frequency cyanide stretching vibrations ( ν CN ) and either a ligand-to-metal charge transfer transition ([Fe III (CN) 6 ] 3− dissolved in formamide) or a metal-to-metal charge transfer (MMCT) transition ([(CN) 5 Fe II CNRu III (NH 3 ) 5 ] − dissolved in formamide). The 2D VE spectra of both molecules reveal peaks resulting from coupled high- and low-frequency vibrational modes to the charge transfer transition. The time-evolving amplitudes and positions of the peaks in the 2D VE spectra report on coherent and incoherent vibrational energy transfer dynamics among the coupled vibrational modes and the charge transfer transition. The selectivity of 2D VE spectroscopy to vibronic processes is evidenced from the selective coupling of specific ν CN modes to the MMCT transition in the mixed valence complex. The lineshapes in 2D VE spectra report on the correlation of the frequency fluctuations between the coupled vibrational and electronic frequencies in the mixed valence complex which has a time scale of 1 ps. The details and results of this study confirm the versatility of 2D VE spectroscopy and its applicability to probe how vibrations modulate charge and energy transfer in a wide range of complex molecular, material, and biological systems.
    Print ISSN: 0021-9606
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7690
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 5
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    First experiments probing the collision of parallel magnetic fields using laser-produced plasmas (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-09
    Description: Novel experiments to study the strongly-driven collision of parallel magnetic fields in β  ∼ 10, laser-produced plasmas have been conducted using monoenergetic proton radiography. These experiments were designed to probe the process of magnetic flux pileup, which has been identified in prior laser-plasma experiments as a key physical mechanism in the reconnection of anti-parallel magnetic fields when the reconnection inflow is dominated by strong plasma flows. In the present experiments using colliding plasmas carrying parallel magnetic fields, the magnetic flux is found to be conserved and slightly compressed in the collision region. Two-dimensional (2D) particle-in-cell simulations predict a stronger flux compression and amplification of the magnetic field strength, and this discrepancy is attributed to the three-dimensional (3D) collision geometry. Future experiments may drive a stronger collision and further explore flux pileup in the context of the strongly-driven interaction of magnetic fields.
    Print ISSN: 1070-664X
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7674
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 6
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    Slowing of Magnetic Reconnection Concurrent with Weakening Plasma Inflows and Increasing Collisionality in Strongly Driven Laser-Plasma Experiments (2015)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-27
    Description: Author(s): M. J. Rosenberg, C. K. Li, W. Fox, A. B. Zylstra, C. Stoeckl, F. H. Séguin, J. A. Frenje, and R. D. Petrasso An evolution of magnetic reconnection behavior, from fast jets to the slowing of reconnection and the establishment of a stable current sheet, has been observed in strongly driven, β ≲ 20 laser-produced plasma experiments. This process has been inferred to occur alongside a slowing of plasma inflows c... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 205004] Published Wed May 20, 2015
    Keywords: Plasma and Beam Physics
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 7
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    A laboratory study of asymmetric magnetic reconnection in strongly driven plasmas (2015)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-06
    Description: Article Magnetic reconnection occurs close to the surface of the sun, in the Earth’s magnetosphere and in astronomical plasmas. Here, the authors investigate magnetic reconnection in a laboratory-based experiments with an asymmetric configuration similar to those found in real astrophysical situations. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms7190 Authors: M.J. Rosenberg, C.K. Li, W. Fox, I. Igumenshchev, F.H. Séguin, R.P.J. Town, J.A. Frenje, C. Stoeckl, V. Glebov, R.D. Petrasso
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 8
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    Fast Magnetic Reconnection in Laser-Produced Plasma Bubbles (2011)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-05-28
    Description: Author(s): W. Fox, A. Bhattacharjee, and K. Germaschewski Recent experiments have observed magnetic reconnection in high-energy-density, laser-produced plasma bubbles, with reconnection rates observed to be much higher than can be explained by classical theory. Based on fully kinetic particle simulations we find that fast reconnection in these strongly dri... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 215003] Published Fri May 27, 2011
    Keywords: Plasma and Beam Physics
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 9
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    High-Accuracy Measurement of Atomic Polarizability in an Optical Lattice Clock (2012)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-04-14
    Description: Author(s): J. A. Sherman, N. D. Lemke, N. Hinkley, M. Pizzocaro, R. W. Fox, A. D. Ludlow, and C. W. Oates Presently, the Stark effect contributes the largest source of uncertainty in a ytterbium optical atomic clock through blackbody radiation. By employing an ultracold, trapped atomic ensemble and high stability optical clock, we characterize the quadratic Stark effect with unprecedented precision. We ... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 153002] Published Fri Apr 13, 2012
    Keywords: Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 10
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    Individualistic sensitivities and exposure to climate change explain variation in species' distribution and abundance changes (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-31
    Description: The responses of animals and plants to recent climate change vary greatly from species to species, but attempts to understand this variation have met with limited success. This has led to concerns that predictions of responses are inherently uncertain because of the complexity of interacting drivers and biotic interactions. However, we show for an exemplar group of 155 Lepidoptera species that about 60% of the variation among species in their abundance trends over the past four decades can be explained by species-specific exposure and sensitivity to climate change. Distribution changes were less well predicted, but nonetheless, up to 53% of the variation was explained. We found that species vary in their overall sensitivity to climate and respond to different components of the climate despite ostensibly experiencing the same climate changes. Hence, species have undergone different levels of population "forcing" (exposure), driving variation among species in their national-scale abundance and distribution trends. We conclude that variation in species’ responses to recent climate change may be more predictable than previously recognized.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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