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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 7 (1995), S. 2516-2518 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A three-dimensional direct numerical simulation of the wake of a flat plate held normal to a free stream has been conducted for a Reynolds number of 1000, using a high-order finite-difference scheme. The calculated flow structures and the coefficient of drag are shown to be markedly different from those obtained from an equally resolved two-dimensional simulation. The three-dimensional simulation is able to account for the intrinsic three-dimensionality that develops beyond a certain critical Reynolds number (∼200). The time-averaged drag predicted by the three-dimensional simulation is in good agreement with the experimental data, and also captures a low-frequency time variation that is seen in the experiments. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 3 (1991), S. 1749-1759 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A two-dimensional time-dependent numerical study of separating and reattaching flow over a blunt plate is described. Four Reynolds numbers, Re=150, 250, 300, and 1000, are studied. The first three are in the steady flow regime and calculated values of reattachment lengths compare well with experimental data. For Re=1000, the separated shear layer becomes unsteady with the formation of spanwise vortices. These vortices coalesce and are shed periodically from the reattachment region. Although the resulting flow field is known to be three dimensional, the current two-dimensional calculation is able to predict important flow properties. Calculated time-dependent properties such as vortex shedding frequency and convection velocities compare well with experimental data. The present study is a precursor to a three-dimensional simulation.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 3 (1991), S. 2887-2909 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Three-dimensional numerical simulation of the unsteady flow over a blunt plate held normal to a uniform stream has been carried out to study the physics of unsteady separation and reattachment. A finite-difference procedure is used with 32 spanwise grid cells. In comparison with previous two-dimensional results, it is observed that the inclusion of spanwise variations significantly improves the calculations and provides superior comparisons with experimental data. Mean turbulent quantities are calculated and found to be in good agreement with experiments. Instantaneous as well as statistical quantities describing the characteristic length and time scales of the large-scale structures are also presented. The calculations have also been able to capture the experimentally observed low-frequency unsteadiness of the separation bubble. In addition, a selective high-frequency shedding from the separated shear layer was found to occur with a period equal to that of the low-frequency unsteadiness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 3 (1991), S. 385-392 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Numerical solutions of the Navier–Stokes equations governing shear flow in a trapezoidal enclosure have been obtained at fine grid resolutions using an efficient multigrid calculation procedure. The effects of flow Reynolds number and wall boundary conditions are studied in detail. Interesting flow patterns are observed to develop, especially at high Reynolds numbers. To the author's knowledge, such a flow development has not been reported previously.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 3 (1991), S. 642-656 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effects of spanwise rotation on the large-scale structures in a turbulent channel flow are numerically simulated by integrating the filtered Navier–Stokes equations. A finite-difference technique is used to retain the generality for complex geometries and developing flows to be considered in the future. The computed results are consistent with previous flow visualization data and measurements. It is seen that for the presently considered low Reynolds number, the flow significantly laminarizes on the stable side even for low rotation rates. Cellular spanwise structures are observed to develop as a result of the unstable interaction between mean shear and Coriolis forces. The statistics of these roll cells and the underlying turbulence are analyzed and presented in this paper. It is observed that the roll cells make a significant contribution to total turbulent quantities and also aid in the transport of underlying turbulence.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 3 (1991), S. 2734-2745 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The fully developed turbulent flow in a straight duct of square cross section has been simulated using the large eddy simulation (LES) technique. A mixed spectral-finite difference method has been used in conjunction with the Smagorinsky eddy-viscosity model for the subgrid scales. The simulation was performed for a Reynolds number of 360 based on friction velocity (5810 based on bulk velocity) and duct width. The simulation correctly predicted the existence of secondary flows and their effects on the mean flow and turbulence statistics. The results are in good qualitative agreement with the experimental data available at much higher Reynolds numbers. It is observed that both the Reynolds normal and shear stresses equally contribute to the production of mean streamwise vorticity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and computational fluid dynamics 5 (1993), S. 291-308 
    ISSN: 1432-2250
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The flow over a normal plate with a long, downstream splitter plate is numerically studied with fine spatial and temporal resolutions. The time-dependent two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations are integrated in time using a high-order, upwind-biased finite-difference scheme. Calculations are performed at several Reynolds numbers to study the evolution of the unsteady nature of the flow. Steady separated flow has been observed for Reynolds numbers up to 150, after which unsteady vortical structures are seen to develop from the shear layer. The time-mean flow characteristics in the steady and unsteady regimes are described. The calculations are seen to agree fairly well with experimental data at high Reynolds numbers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 6 (1986), S. 459-477 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Multigrids ; Laminar Flow ; Sudden ; Expansions ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The performance of a recently developed calculation procedure for steady incompressible flows is assessed in a variety of three-dimensional sudden expansion type flows representative of those encountered in several types of industrial equipment. The calculation procedure, called here BLIMM (for block-implicit multigrid method), is based on a coupled solution of the three-dimensional momentum and continuity equations in primitive variables, using the multigrid technique. Different Reynolds numbers and finite difference grids are considered for each flow situation. The rates of convergence and the computational times are reported for each case.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 7 (1987), S. 635-648 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper discusses aspects of vectorizing a recently developed calculation procedure for multidimensional recirculating fluid flows. The solution algorithm uses a coupled Gauss-Seidel relaxation operator in conjunction with the multigrid technique. The vectorization is performed on a CRAY X-MP/48 using a single processor. In this paper, the vectorization techniques used and the observed speed-ups are presented for a model problem of laminar flow in a two-dimensional square cavity. Large scale calculations with up to one quarter of a million finite difference cells (512 x 512) have been made in 45s of CPU time.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 21 (1995), S. 525-547 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: time-splitting method ; high-order finite difference scheme ; wake instability ; flat plate ; vortex interactions ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Well-resolved two-dimensional numerical simulations of the unsteady separated flow past a normal flat plate at low Reynolds numbers have been performed using a fractional step procedure with high-order spatial discretization. A fifth-order upwind-biased scheme is used for the convective terms and the diffusive terms are represented by a fourth-order central difference scheme. The pressure Poisson equation is solved using a direct method based on eigenvalue decomposition of the coefficient matrix. A systematic study of the flow has been conducted with high temporal and spatial resolutions for a series of Reynolds numbers. The interactions of the vortices shed form the shear layers in the near-and far-wake regions are studied. For Reynolds numbers less than 250 the vortices are observed to convect parallel to the freestream. However, at higher Reynolds numbers (500 and 1000), complex interactions including vortex pairing, tearing and deformations are seen to occur in the far-wake region. Values of the drag coefficient and the wake closure length are presented and compared with previous experimental and numerical studies.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
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