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1

Digitale Medien

Cultivation, nitrogen fertilization, and set-aside effects on methane uptake in a drained marsh soil in Northeast China (2004)

Ding, Weixin ; Cai, Zucong ; Tsuruta, Haruo

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd

Global change biology 10 (2004), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-2486

Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Thema: Biologie , Energietechnik , Geographie

Notizen: To evaluate the effect of cultivation, nitrogen fertilizer, and set aside on CH4 uptake after drained marshland was converted into agricultural fields, CH4 fluxes and CH4 concentrations in soil gas were in situ measured in a drained marsh soil, a set-aside cultivated soil, and cultivated soils in Sanjiang Plain of Northeast China in August 2001. Over the measuring period, the highest CH4 uptake rate was 120.7±6.2 μg CH4 m−2 h−1 in the drained marsh soil and the lowest was 29.5±4.9 μg CH4 m−2 h−1 in the set-aside cultivated soil, showing that there was no significant recovery of CH4 uptake ability 5 years after cultivation activity was stopped. CH4 uptake rates were significantly less in the cultivated soils than in the drained marsh soil by 30.1–74.6%, which resulted mainly from cultivation and partly from nitrogen addition. A significantly negative correlation between CH4 flux and bulk density in the cultivated soils tilled by machine suggests that cultivation reduced CH4 uptake through compaction, because of the enhanced diffusion resistance for CH4 and O2. Nitrogen fertilization slowly reduced but persistently affected CH4 uptake even after long-term application of nitrogen.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00843.x

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Digitale Medien

Options for mitigating methane emission from a permanently flooded rice field (2003)

Cai, Zucong ; Tsuruta, Haruo ; Gao, Ming ; [weitere]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd

Global change biology 9 (2003), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-2486

Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Thema: Biologie , Energietechnik , Geographie

Notizen: Permanently flooded rice fields, widely distributed in south and south-west China, emit more CH4 than those drained in the winter crop season. For understanding CH4 emissions from permanently flooded rice fields and developing mitigation options, CH4 emission was measured year-round for 6 years from 1995 to 2000, in a permanently flooded rice field in Chongqing, China, where two cultivations with four treatments were prepared as follows: plain-cultivation, summer rice crop and winter fallow with floodwater layer annually (convention, Ch-FF), and winter upland crop under drained conditions (Ch-Wheat); ridge-cultivation without tillage, summer rice and winter fallow with floodwater layer annually (Ch-FFR), and winter upland crop under drained conditions (Ch-RW), respectively. On a 6-year average, compared to the treatments with floodwater in the winter crop season, the CH4 flux during rice-growing period from the treatments draining floodwater and planting winter crop was reduced by 42% in plain-cultivation and by 13% in ridge-cultivation (P 〈 0.05), respectively. The reduction of annual CH4 emission reached 68 and 48%, respectively. Compared to plain-cultivation (Ch-FF), ridge-cultivation (Ch-FFR) reduced annual CH4 emission by 33%, and which was mainly occurred in the winter crop season. These results indicate that draining floodwater layer for winter upland crop growth was not only able to prevent CH4 emission from permanently flooded paddy soils directly in the winter crop season, but also to reduce CH4 emission substantially during the following rice-growing period. As an alternative to the completely drainage of floodwater layer in the winter crop season, ridge-cultivation could also significantly mitigate CH4 emissions from permanently flooded rice fields.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00562.x

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Digitale Medien

Possible options for mitigating methane emission from rice cultivation (1997)

Yagi, Kazuyuki ; Tsuruta, Haruo ; Minami, Katsuyuki

Springer

Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 49 (1997), S. 213-220

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ISSN: 1573-0867

Schlagwort(e): cultivar selection ; global warming ; organic matter management ; soil amendments ; water management

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft

Notizen: Abstract Studies focused on mitigating CH4 emission from rice paddy fields are summarized and the possibilities and limits that the options might be applied to world's rice cultivation are discussed. The mitigation options are water management, soil amendments, organic matter management, different tillage, rotation, and cultivar selection. Altering water management, in particular promoting midseason aeration by short-term drainage, is one of the most promising strategies, although these practices may be limited to the rice paddy fields where the irrigation system is well prepared. Improving organic matter management by promoting aerobic degradation through composting or incorporating into soil during off-season drained period is another most promising candidate. There are several formidable obstacles to adopt the mitigation options into local rice farming, including limited applicability to different types of rice fields, increasing cost and labor, negative effects on rice yield and soil fertility, and time requirement for practical application. Further studies to verify the mitigation options should focus on the feasibility for local farmers.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009743909716

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Digitale Medien

Diffusion analysis of N2O cycling in a fertilized soil (1997)

Yoh, Muneoki ; Toda, Hideshige ; Kanda, Ken-ichi ; [weitere]

Springer

Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 49 (1997), S. 29-33

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ISSN: 1573-0867

Schlagwort(e): N2O emission ; fertilized soil ; diffusion ; soil N2O production and turnover ; groundwater

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft

Notizen: Abstract The behavior of nitrous oxide (N2O) in fertilized soil was studied in terms of soil fluxes, the production rates at various depths and the turnover in soil. The diffusive losses of N2O to the atmosphere calculated from soil N2O profile compared favorably with the flux directly determined with a closed chamber technique. The estimate of N2O production rates at several depths demonstrated that the sites of N2O production was only near the soil surface. The calculated residence time of N2O in the entire soil column studied was only 1.4 hour during active emission period and less than 1 day even in the later period having trace N2O emission. The prolonged N2O emission observed after the active phase was due likely to a lasting N2O production rather than a supply from the soil N2O reservoir. The results suggested that most N2O in soil was emitted quite promptly to the atmosphere after its production. A minor role of soil as an N2O reservoir is emphasized from the viewpoint of the origin of groundwater N2O.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009757829417

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5

Digitale Medien

Nitrous oxide emissions from three rice paddy fields in China (1997)

Hua, Xu ; Guangxi, Xing ; Cai, Zu-Cong ; [weitere]

Springer

Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 49 (1997), S. 23-28

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ISSN: 1573-0867

Schlagwort(e): rice paddy field ; nitrous oxide ; emission flux

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft

Notizen: Abstract Nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes from rice paddy fields were measured in Nanjing, Yingtan and Fengqiu, using closed chamber method in 1994. The results showed that N2O fluxes varied temporally, spatially and geographic regionally, with the total amounts of N2O emissions during the period of rice growth ranged from 13.66 to 98.11mg/m2 in Nanjing, 1.73 to 3.65mg/m2 in Yingtan and 178.04 to 472.26mg/m2 in Fengqiu, respectively. Soil water regime and soil texture had significant effects on N2O production and emission from rice paddy fields. The mean N2O fluxes from sandy, loamy and clayey rice paddy fields were 182.2,82.8 and 68.7 µg N2O-N/m2/h, respectively. High N2O fluxes occurred when rice paddy fields were imposed by alternation of irrigation and drainage and almost no N2O emitted when the fields were submerged continuously. The rice paddy field applied with ammonium sulphate emitted more N2O than with urea and N2O-N losses of applied ammonium sulphate and urea ranged from 0.038 to 0.28% and 0.033 to 0.16%, respectively.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009779514395

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6

Digitale Medien

Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from rice paddy fields as affected by nitrogen fertilisers and water management (1997)

Cai, Zucong ; Xing, Guangxi ; Yan, Xiaoyuan ; [weitere]

Springer

Plant and soil 196 (1997), S. 7-14

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Schlagwort(e): global warming ; methane ; nitrous oxide ; rice field ; water management

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft

Notizen: Abstract Methane and N2O emissions affected by nitrogen fertilisers were measured simultaneously in rice paddy fields under intermittent irrigation in 1994. Ammonium sulphate and urea were applied at rates of 0 (control), 100 and 300 kg N ha-1. The results showed that CH4 emission, on the average, decreased by 42 and 60% in the ammonium sulphate treatments and 7 and 14% in the urea treatments at rates of 100 and 300 kg N ha-1, respectively, compared to the control. N2O emission increased significantly with the increase in the nitrogen application rate. N2O emission was higher from ammonium sulphate treatments than from the urea treatments at the same application rate. A trade-off effect between CH4 and N2O emission was clearly observed. The N2O flux was very small when the rice paddy plots were flooded, but peaked at the beginning of the disappearance of floodwater. In contrast, the CH4 flux peaked during flooding and was significantly depressed by mid-season aeration (MSA). The results suggest that it is important to evaluate the integrative effects of water management and fertiliser application for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions in order to attenuate the greenhouse effect contributed by rice paddy fields.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004263405020

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7

Digitale Medien

Effects of the depth of NO and N2O productions in soil on their emission rates to the atmosphere: analysis by a simulation model (2000)

Hosen, Yasukazu ; Tsuruta, Haruo ; Minami, Katsuyuki

Springer

Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 57 (2000), S. 83-98

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ISSN: 1573-0867

Schlagwort(e): nitric oxide ; nitrous oxide ; mathematical simulation model ; mitigation of nitric oxide emission ; deep application of fertilizer ; material cycling ; presence/absent of sinks ; Andosols

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft

Notizen: Abstract Many factors are concerned in the changing forms of nitrogen compounds in soil, so it is not easy to make precise models to simulate the concentration profiles of soil nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous oxide (N2O) and their emission rates under various soil conditions. We prepared a simple mathematical simulation model based on soil concentration profiles of NO and N2O. The profiles were measured at lysimeters filled with Andosol soil and fertilized with ammonium sulfate at rate of 200 kgNha-1, incorporating to plow layer (Hirose & Tsuruta, 1996). In this model, diffusion of gases in soil followed Fick's law and the diffusion coefficient was adopted from Sallam et al. (1984). The gas production rate was set up at constant value in the site of gas production, and the gaseous consumption followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics. By changing only the depth of NO and N2O production in soil in this model, we obtained the following results. (1) When the depth of gas production was set at near the soil surface (NO: 0–10 cm, N2O: 0-8 cm), the emission rates of both gases corresponded with the results of the lysimeter-measurement. (2) When the depth of gas production was shifted down 10 cm deeper (NO: 10–20 cm, N2O: 10-18 cm), the gas emission rate of NO decreased to 1.3% of (1), while that of N2O was almost the same as (1). (3) In the case that the total intensity of produced gases was not changed from (1) or (2), but that the extent of gas productions expanded 3 times wider (NO: 0–30 cm, N2O: 0–24 cm) than (1) or (2), the emission rates of NO and N2O became 26% and 95% of (1), respectively. The above results suggest the possibility of mitigating NO emission by setting the site of gaseous production in deeper soil, e.g. by means of deep application of fertilizer.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009760220265

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