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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Langmuir 10 (1994), S. 4530-4533 
    ISSN: 1520-5827
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 103 (1995), S. 1650-1654 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The p(2×3) Ni(110)-N surface structure was produced by the reaction of NO with highly excess H2 (1:150) on a Ni(110) surface at 650 K. The N atoms on Ni(110) surface were inactive for the hydrogenation with H2. They, however, reacted with H atoms in the presence of H2, and the formation of NH species was detected by high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS). In the temperature range between 300 K and 450 K, the amount of N on Ni(110) surface decreased by reacting with H atoms in the zero order kinetics with respect to the amount of N and the decreasing rate did not depend on the temperature. When the temperature is higher than a critical temperature of 500 K, however, the amount of N on the Ni(110) surface does not decrease even if the surface is exposed to H atoms. This critical temperature corresponds to the decomposition temperature of the NH species on Ni(110) surface determined by the HREELS. One one hand, the NH species were produced by the reaction, hydrogenation, of N with H atoms on the Ni(110) suface. On the other hand, it was reported that NH2 species were preferentially formed by the decomposition, dehydrogenation, of NH3 on the Ni(110) surface. Taking these facts into account, it was deduced that there is a rather high activation barrier in an elementary reaction path from NH to NH2 on the Ni(110) surface. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 110 (1999), S. 7031-7036 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The spatial distributions of NO, N2, and N2O desorbing from Pd(211), Pd(S)-[3(111)×(100)], in temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and that of N2 produced in the temperature programmed reaction (TPR) of NO+H2 have been studied. The spatial distribution of N2 desorbing at 510 K in the TPD had a maximum intensity at θ=−25–−30 deg (down the steps) in the [1 1¯ 1¯] direction, which is almost normal to the (100) steps, and is described by 2.4 cos12(θ+26 deg). Taking account of the fact that NO molecules are preferentially adsorbed on the (111) terraces of a Pd(211) surface at low coverage, it is deduced that the NO adsorbed on the (111) terraces undergoes migration to the (100) steps, where N2 is produced. An isotopically labeled angle-resolved TPD experiment showed that N2 was produced by the NO+N reaction. On the other hand, the desorption of NO is normal to the crystal surface. This phenomenon indicates that NO desorbs via a predesorption state, where NO molecules forget their memory of the previous adsorption sites. In contrast, the spatial distribution of N2 given by the catalytic reaction in a flow of NO+H2 at 650 K, was completely different from that of N2 produced by NO+N reaction at around 500 K. It is concluded that the spatial distribution reflects the reaction or desorption mechanisms, especially the reaction coordinate on the surface. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: CH x species ; carbide ; methanation ; hydrogenation ; nickel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The CH x species formed on Ni(100) by hydrogenation of carbidic carbon have been detected using high resolution electron energy-loss spectroscopy (HREELS). Exposures of carbidic carbon to 1×10−7 Torr H2 and D2 at 313 K for 20 min produce CH x and CD x species, respectively. These species are identified by two energy-loss peaks for CH x at 2970 and 1380 cm−1 and only one peak for CD x at 1980 cm−1. Because of the existence of the intense peak at 1380 cm−1, in the range of a scissors mode for CH2 and a symmetric deformation mode for CH3, the CH x species are tentatively ascribed to CH2 and/or CH3. The CD x species undergo decomposition at 330–370 K in UHV as well as in hydrogen below 10−7 Torr. No stable CH x species are observed above 400 K, which is lower than the normal reaction temperature of the methanation reaction (500 K).
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A super active catalyst (T.F. = 0.2 ∼ 0.3) for alkene metathesis reaction was prepared by coordinating CH2 radicals onto sublimed molybdenum oxide films, where the radicals were prepared by the reaction of CH2I2 with Al or Mg metals deposited near the oxide film.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: Pt(110) ; Pt(100) ; Rh/Pt(110) ; Rh/Pt(100) ; activity ; structure sensitivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The catalytic activity of the Pt(110) surface for the reaction of NO + H2 was much less than that of the Pt(100) surface. However, the catalytic activity of the Rh deposited Pt(1l0) surface was almost equal to that of the Rh deposited Pt(100) surface. That is, the catalytic reaction of NO + H2 on Pt(110) and Pt(100) surfaces is highly structure sensitive, but it changes to structure insensitive by the deposition of Rh atoms. These results are rationalized by formation of an active overlayer on the Pt(110) and Pt(100) surfaces, which is very analogous to the Rh-O/Pt-layer formed on Rh/Pt(100), Pt/Rh(100) and Pt-Rh(100) alloy surfaces during catalysis. The formation of the common overlayer of Rh-O/Pt-layer during catalysis is responsible for the structure insensitive catalysis of Rh deposited Pt-based catalysts, which is an important role of Rh in a three way catalyst.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Catalysis surveys from Japan 3 (1999), S. 81-93 
    ISSN: 1572-8803
    Keywords: intermediates ; olefin metathesis ; NO reduction ; activation of catalyst ; active sites ; Pt–Rh catalyst ; alloy single crystal ; bimetallic single crystal ; quasi-compound ; reconstruction ; surface segregation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Why can solid surfaces promote a variety of chemical reactions? We supposed that active sites or active compounds are formed over the catalyst surface during catalysis or in pretreatment. Three topics are discussed from this viewpoint in this review. The first topic is an activation of inactive MoOx film to super-active olefin metathesis catalyst, where Mo=CHR sites are prepared on MoOx. A total mechanism for the productive and the cross metathesis of propene was firstly established on an activated catalyst by using deuterium labeled olefins. In the second topic, a new concept of quasi-compounds is discussed by using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), and it is shown that the reaction of quasi-compounds yields (Cu)6 cluster and (–Cu–O–) strings on Ag(110). In the third topic, a self-activation of Pt–Rh alloy and Pt/Rh bimetallic surfaces during the reaction of NO + H2 is discussed by using single crystal surfaces. STM image showed that a Pt–Rh(100) surface is activated by reacting with oxygen where a specific array of Pt and Rh atoms is established. Formation of similar active sites on the other crystallographic surfaces is responsible for structure insensitive catalysis of Pt/Rh bimetallic surfaces.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Topics in catalysis 1 (1994), S. 95-102 
    ISSN: 1572-9028
    Keywords: Electro-catalysis ; metal deposition ; alloys
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract When Pt-Rh(100) alloy surface was exposed to NO or O2 at temperatures higher than 400 K, a characteristic p(3 × 1) LEED pattern appeared with segregation of Rh atoms on the surface. It was shown that when a Rh-deposited Pt(100) surface is heated in NO or O2 the same 5 × 10−8 Torr of H2 at room temperature, the p(3 × 1) pattern disappears but is readily recovered 5 × 10−8 Torr of H2 at room temperature, the p(3 × 1) pattern disappears but is readily recovered by exposing to O2 of 1 × 10−7 Torr at room temperature. The growth of a Rh-O overlayer on Pt layer is responsible for the formation of the p(3 × 1) structure on either the Pt-Rh(100) alloy or Pt(100) surface, and this peculiar surface may correspond to the active surface of the Pt-Rh catalyst for NO x reduction
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 12 (1992), S. 1-6 
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: Surface carbide ; surface nitride ; intermediates ; NO + H2 reaction ; methanation reaction ; catalysis on single crystal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A key intermediate of the methanation reaction on nickel catalyst is a carbidic carbon. Accumulated carbidic intermediates on Ni(100) gives a p(2×2) p4g structure, whereas that on Ni(111) is too complex to be solved. A single domain carbide layer accidentally on Ni(111) allowed us to solve the structure explicitly. Comparison of the carbide layer on Ni(100) and that on Ni(111) showed that the carbon atoms are arranged by forming the same ordered structure. The carbide layers prepared on Ni(100), Ni(111) and Ni(110) have almost equal decomposition temperatures. Consequently, we can conclude that the same overlayer compound is formed on the three surfaces. Furthermore, the hydrogenation of the p4g carbide on Ni(100) occurs at almost equal rate to the turnover frequency of the catalytic methanation reaction. The structure insensitive methanation reaction on Ni(100), Ni(111) and Ni(110) is responsible for the same intermediate compound on these surfaces. The same strategy was applied to the reaction of NO with H2 on Pd(100), Rh(100) and Pt-Rh(100) surfaces, and ac(2×2)-N overlayer was isolated on each of these. The hydrogenation of the isolatedc(2×2)-N produced predominantly NH species, which indicates slow NH species hydrogenation.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 25 (1994), S. 105-113 
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: Hydrogenation of CO ; direct hydrogenation of CO ; intermediates of CO hydrogenation ; Ni(100)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A trace amount of oxygen in H2 promotes a new type of direct hydrogenation reaction of adsorbed CO on Ni(100) surface. The formation of HxCOy was suggested by high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS) and thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS). HREEL spectra showed the formation of surface hydroxyl (OH) and the C-H bonds of HiCOy species but no carbonyl (C=O) loss peak was detected although thermal desorption yielded large amount of CO. The H x CO y undergoes the decomposition at 400–450 K on the hex-OH Ni(100) surface, which yielded CO, CO2, H2 and H2CO. It was confirmed that no C-H bond formation occurs on c(2 × 2)-O, p(2 × 2)-O Ni(100) and hex-OH Ni(100) as well as on clean Ni(100) surfaces. This fact indicates that the gas phase oxygen may induce the direct hydrogenation of CO to form H x CO y , which is analogous to the hydrogenation of O to form hex-OH onNi(100).
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