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  • 1
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    Spatial distribution of focal mechanisms for interplate and intraplate earthquakes associated with the subducting Pacific plate beneath the northeastern Japan arc: A triple-planed deep seismic zone (2001)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Stuttgart, Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, vol. 106, no. B2, pp. 2177-2192, pp. 2271, (ISSN 0016-8548, ISBN 3-510-50045-8)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Hypocentral depth ; Fault plane solution, focal mechanism ; Subduction zone ; 7200 ; Seismology ; 7230 ; Seismicity ; and ; seismotectonics ; JGR
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 2
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    Pre- and post-seismic slow slip on the plate boundary off Sanriku, NE Japan associated with three interplate earthquakes as estimated from small repeating earthquake data (2004)
    In:  Tectonophys., Taipei, EGS, vol. 385, no. 1-4, pp. 1-15, pp. 8039, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain ; Earthquake ; Geodesy ; Subduction zone
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 3
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    Recurrence intervals of characteristic M4.8±0.1 earthquakes off-Kamaishi, NE Japan-Comparison with creep rate estimated from small repeating earthquake data (2005)
    In:  Earth planet. Sci. Lett., Taipei, EGS, vol. 233, no. 1-2, pp. 155-165, pp. 8039, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Recurrence of earthquakes ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Subduction zone ; Earthquake asperities ; EPSL ; characteristic ; earthquake ; subduction ; zone ; asperity ; creep ; quasi-static ; slip ; northeast ; Japan
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 4
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    Countermeasure against viral RNAi suppressor [Plant Biology] (2012)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-06-20
    Description: RNA silencing (RNAi) induced by virus-derived double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), which is in a sense regarded as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) of viruses, is a general plant defense mechanism. To counteract this defense, plant viruses express RNA silencing suppressors (RSSs), many of which bind to dsRNA and attenuate RNAi. We showed that the tobacco calmodulin-like protein, rgs-CaM, counterattacked viral RSSs by binding to their dsRNA-binding domains and sequestering them from inhibiting RNAi. Autophagy-like protein degradation seemed to operate to degrade RSSs with the sacrifice of rgs-CaM. These RSSs could thus be regarded as secondary viral PAMPs. This study uncovered a unique defense system in which an rgs-CaM–mediated countermeasure against viral RSSs enhanced host antiviral RNAi in tobacco.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 5
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    Imaging crust and upper mantle beneath Mt. Fuji, Japan by receiver functions (2015)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-04
    Description: Mt. Fuji has ejected a huge amount of basaltic products during the last 100,000 years. Even though the region around Mt. Fuji is tectonically active, the seismicity below Mt. Fuji is low, resulting in little knowledge about the seismic structure there. To gain more insight into the magma-plumbing system, we obtain the seismic structure beneath Mt. Fuji by the receiver function (RF) technique. RFs at seismic stations around Mt. Fuji show positive phases at ~3 and ~6 seconds, representing the conversion of P to S waves at a positive velocity boundary in the Philippine Sea (PHS) plate. Cross sections of RF amplitudes reveal two distinct velocity boundaries around Mt. Fuji, at depths of 40–50 km and 20–30 km, which we interpret to be the boundary between the crust-mantle transition layer (CMTL) and the uppermost mantle of the Izu-Bonin arc (IBA) and the velocity discontinuity just below the region where low- frequency earthquakes (LFEs) of Mt. Fuji have occurred, respectively. The velocity boundary at about 50-km depth shows a clear gap just beneath Mt. Fuji. We suggest that this gap represents a weaker velocity contrast zone through which the magma of Mt. Fuji ascends from the Pacific (PAC) plate. A thorough grid search reveals that a low-velocity zone at depths of ~13–26 km explains all the characteristics of RFs around Mt. Fuji, leading us to interpret the high velocity boundary just below the LFE region as the lower boundary of Mt. Fuji's magma chamber.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 6
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    Hypocenter migration and crustal seismic velocity distribution observed for the inland earthquake swarms induced by the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake in NE Japan: implications for crustal fluid distribution and crustal permeability (2014)
    Wiley
    In: Geofluids
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-01
    Description: After the occurrence of the 2011 magnitude 9 Tohoku earthquake, the seismicity in the overriding plate changed. The seismicity appears to form distinct belts. From the spatiotemporal distribution of hypocenters, we can quantify the evolution of seismicity after the 2011 Tohoku earthquake. In some earthquake swarms near Sendai (Nagamachi-Rifu fault), Moriyoshi-zan volcano, Senya fault, and the Yamagata–Fukushima border (Aizu-Kitakata area, west of Azuma volcano), we can observe temporal expansion of the focal area. This temporal expansion is attributed to fluid diffusion. Observed diffusivity would correspond to the permeability of about 10 −15 (m 2 ). We can detect the area from which fluid migrates as a seismic low-velocity area. In the lower crust, we found seismic low-velocity areas, which appear to be elongated along N–S or NE–SW, the strike of the island arc. These seismic low-velocity areas are located not only beneath the volcanic front but also beneath the fore-arc region. Seismic activity in the upper crust tends to be high above these low-velocity areas in the lower crust. Most of the shallow earthquakes after the 2011 Tohoku earthquake are located above the seismic low-velocity areas. We thus suggest fluid pressure changes are responsible for the belts of seismicity. Temporal expansion of the focal area in some earthquake swarms near Sendai (Nagamachi-Rifu fault), Moriyoshi-zan volcano, Senya fault, and the Yamagata-Fukushima border (Aizu-Kitakata area, west of Azuma volcano) induced by the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake was observed. This temporal expansion can be explained by fluid diffusion. We found seismic low-velocity areas, which is the possible areas with fluid, beneath the swarms. From the results, the induced earthquakes are thought to be affected by the possible fluid pressure change.
    Print ISSN: 1468-8115
    Electronic ISSN: 1468-8123
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Wiley
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  • 7
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    Oncogenic mutations of ALK kinase in neuroblastoma (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-10-17
    Description: Neuroblastoma in advanced stages is one of the most intractable paediatric cancers, even with recent therapeutic advances. Neuroblastoma harbours a variety of genetic changes, including a high frequency of MYCN amplification, loss of heterozygosity at 1p36 and 11q, and gain of genetic material from 17q, all of which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of neuroblastoma. However, the scarcity of reliable molecular targets has hampered the development of effective therapeutic agents targeting neuroblastoma. Here we show that the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), originally identified as a fusion kinase in a subtype of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NPM-ALK) and more recently in adenocarcinoma of lung (EML4-ALK), is also a frequent target of genetic alteration in advanced neuroblastoma. According to our genome-wide scans of genetic lesions in 215 primary neuroblastoma samples using high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping microarrays, the ALK locus, centromeric to the MYCN locus, was identified as a recurrent target of copy number gain and gene amplification. Furthermore, DNA sequencing of ALK revealed eight novel missense mutations in 13 out of 215 (6.1%) fresh tumours and 8 out of 24 (33%) neuroblastoma-derived cell lines. All but one mutation in the primary samples (12 out of 13) were found in stages 3-4 of the disease and were harboured in the kinase domain. The mutated kinases were autophosphorylated and displayed increased kinase activity compared with the wild-type kinase. They were able to transform NIH3T3 fibroblasts as shown by their colony formation ability in soft agar and their capacity to form tumours in nude mice. Furthermore, we demonstrate that downregulation of ALK through RNA interference suppresses proliferation of neuroblastoma cells harbouring mutated ALK. We anticipate that our findings will provide new insights into the pathogenesis of advanced neuroblastoma and that ALK-specific kinase inhibitors might improve its clinical outcome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Yuyan -- Takita, Junko -- Choi, Young Lim -- Kato, Motohiro -- Ohira, Miki -- Sanada, Masashi -- Wang, Lili -- Soda, Manabu -- Kikuchi, Akira -- Igarashi, Takashi -- Nakagawara, Akira -- Hayashi, Yasuhide -- Mano, Hiroyuki -- Ogawa, Seishi -- England -- Nature. 2008 Oct 16;455(7215):971-4. doi: 10.1038/nature07399.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18923524" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2/genetics ; Fibroblasts ; Gene Dosage/genetics ; Genome, Human/genetics ; Genotype ; Humans ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation, Missense/*genetics ; NIH 3T3 Cells ; Neuroblastoma/enzymology/*genetics ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Oncogenes/*genetics ; Phosphorylation ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/deficiency/*genetics/metabolism ; RNA Interference ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 8
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    Frequent inactivation of A20 in B-cell lymphomas (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-05
    Description: A20 is a negative regulator of the NF-kappaB pathway and was initially identified as being rapidly induced after tumour-necrosis factor-alpha stimulation. It has a pivotal role in regulation of the immune response and prevents excessive activation of NF-kappaB in response to a variety of external stimuli; recent genetic studies have disclosed putative associations of polymorphic A20 (also called TNFAIP3) alleles with autoimmune disease risk. However, the involvement of A20 in the development of human cancers is unknown. Here we show, using a genome-wide analysis of genetic lesions in 238 B-cell lymphomas, that A20 is a common genetic target in B-lineage lymphomas. A20 is frequently inactivated by somatic mutations and/or deletions in mucosa-associated tissue lymphoma (18 out of 87; 21.8%) and Hodgkin's lymphoma of nodular sclerosis histology (5 out of 15; 33.3%), and, to a lesser extent, in other B-lineage lymphomas. When re-expressed in a lymphoma-derived cell line with no functional A20 alleles, wild-type A20, but not mutant A20, resulted in suppression of cell growth and induction of apoptosis, accompanied by downregulation of NF-kappaB activation. The A20-deficient cells stably generated tumours in immunodeficient mice, whereas the tumorigenicity was effectively suppressed by re-expression of A20. In A20-deficient cells, suppression of both cell growth and NF-kappaB activity due to re-expression of A20 depended, at least partly, on cell-surface-receptor signalling, including the tumour-necrosis factor receptor. Considering the physiological function of A20 in the negative modulation of NF-kappaB activation induced by multiple upstream stimuli, our findings indicate that uncontrolled signalling of NF-kappaB caused by loss of A20 function is involved in the pathogenesis of subsets of B-lineage lymphomas.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kato, Motohiro -- Sanada, Masashi -- Kato, Itaru -- Sato, Yasuharu -- Takita, Junko -- Takeuchi, Kengo -- Niwa, Akira -- Chen, Yuyan -- Nakazaki, Kumi -- Nomoto, Junko -- Asakura, Yoshitaka -- Muto, Satsuki -- Tamura, Azusa -- Iio, Mitsuru -- Akatsuka, Yoshiki -- Hayashi, Yasuhide -- Mori, Hiraku -- Igarashi, Takashi -- Kurokawa, Mineo -- Chiba, Shigeru -- Mori, Shigeo -- Ishikawa, Yuichi -- Okamoto, Koji -- Tobinai, Kensei -- Nakagama, Hitoshi -- Nakahata, Tatsutoshi -- Yoshino, Tadashi -- Kobayashi, Yukio -- Ogawa, Seishi -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jun 4;459(7247):712-6. doi: 10.1038/nature07969. Epub 2009 May 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cancer Genomics Project, Department of Pediatrics, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19412163" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis/physiology ; Cell Line ; Cysteine Endopeptidases/*genetics/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; Gene Expression ; *Gene Silencing ; Genome/genetics ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/*genetics/*metabolism ; Lymphoma, B-Cell/*genetics/*physiopathology ; Mice ; NF-kappa B/genetics/metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins/*genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 9
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    Fundamental Studies on Induction Heating and Stirring of Non-Metallic Molten Fluid (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-10-14
    Description: Induction heating of non-metallic molten fluid has been investigated, mainly performed on melt glass stirring. Because silicate glass has relatively high viscosity and low electric conductivity for induction stirring, their experiments require very high temperature above 1500°C, and are difficult for observation and measurements. In this report, observation and simulation of heat generation and flow in molten salt are presented. And flow states of molten vanadium oxide glass is observed, both of them have low melting points. It is intended to investigate them from both experimental and theoretical directions, as a fundamental research. It is demonstrated that molten NaCl-KCl possessed the low impedance value in frequency range of hundred kHz to 1MHz, preferable for giving rise to induction current generation. Circulating flow of the fluids from the container wall to the center was observed. Temperature measurement in the melt was also conducted at various positions with respect ...
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 10
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    Propagation of slow slip leading up to the 2011 M(w) 9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-01-24
    Description: Many large earthquakes are preceded by one or more foreshocks, but it is unclear how these foreshocks relate to the nucleation process of the mainshock. On the basis of an earthquake catalog created using a waveform correlation technique, we identified two distinct sequences of foreshocks migrating at rates of 2 to 10 kilometers per day along the trench axis toward the epicenter of the 2011 moment magnitude (M(w)) 9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake in Japan. The time history of quasi-static slip along the plate interface, based on small repeating earthquakes that were part of the migrating seismicity, suggests that two sequences involved slow-slip transients propagating toward the initial rupture point. The second sequence, which involved large slip rates, may have caused substantial stress loading, prompting the unstable dynamic rupture of the mainshock.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kato, Aitaro -- Obara, Kazushige -- Igarashi, Toshihiro -- Tsuruoka, Hiroshi -- Nakagawa, Shigeki -- Hirata, Naoshi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Feb 10;335(6069):705-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1215141. Epub 2012 Jan 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Earthquake Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. akato@eri.u-tokyo.ac.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22267578" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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