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  • 1
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    Fossil evidence for the origin of aquatic locomotion in archaeocete whales (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-01-14
    Description: Recent members of the order Cetacea (whales, dolphins, and porpoises) move in the water by vertical tail beats and cannot locomote on land. Their hindlimbs are not visible externally and the bones are reduced to one or a few splints that commonly lack joints. However, cetaceans originated from four-legged land mammals that used their limbs for locomotion and were probably apt runners. Because there are no relatively complete limbs for archaic archaeocete cetaceans, it is not known how the transition in locomotory organs from land to water occurred. Recovery of a skeleton of an early fossil cetacean from the Kuldana Formation, Pakistan, documents transitional modes of locomotion, and allows hypotheses concerning swimming in early cetaceans to be tested. The fossil indicates that archaic whales swam by undulating their vertebral column, thus forcing their feet up and down in a way similar to modern otters. Their movements on land probably resembled those of sea lions to some degree, and involved protraction and retraction of the abducted limbs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thewissen, J G -- Hussain, S T -- Arif, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Jan 14;263(5144):210-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17839179" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Molecular architecture of a eukaryotic translational initiation complex (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-11-10
    Description: The last step in eukaryotic translational initiation involves the joining of the large and small subunits of the ribosome, with initiator transfer RNA (Met-tRNA(i)(Met)) positioned over the start codon of messenger RNA in the P site. This step is catalyzed by initiation factor eIF5B. We used recent advances in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to determine a structure of the eIF5B initiation complex to 6.6 angstrom resolution from 〈3% of the population, comprising just 5143 particles. The structure reveals conformational changes in eIF5B, initiator tRNA, and the ribosome that provide insights into the role of eIF5B in translational initiation. The relatively high resolution obtained from such a small fraction of a heterogeneous sample suggests a general approach for characterizing the structure of other dynamic or transient biological complexes.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3836175/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3836175/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fernandez, Israel S -- Bai, Xiao-Chen -- Hussain, Tanweer -- Kelley, Ann C -- Lorsch, Jon R -- Ramakrishnan, V -- Scheres, Sjors H W -- 096570/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- MC_U105184332/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_UP_A025_1013/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- WT096570/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Nov 15;342(6160):1240585. doi: 10.1126/science.1240585. Epub 2013 Nov 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24200810" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Analytic Sample Preparation Methods ; Cryoelectron Microscopy/methods ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factors/*chemistry ; Humans ; *Peptide Chain Initiation, Translational ; Protein Conformation ; RNA, Transfer, Met/chemistry ; Ribosomes/*chemistry ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Structure of the yeast mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-29
    Description: Mitochondria have specialized ribosomes that have diverged from their bacterial and cytoplasmic counterparts. We have solved the structure of the yeast mitoribosomal large subunit using single-particle cryo-electron microscopy. The resolution of 3.2 angstroms enabled a nearly complete atomic model to be built de novo and refined, including 39 proteins, 13 of which are unique to mitochondria, as well as expansion segments of mitoribosomal RNA. The structure reveals a new exit tunnel path and architecture, unique elements of the E site, and a putative membrane docking site.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4046073/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4046073/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Amunts, Alexey -- Brown, Alan -- Bai, Xiao-chen -- Llacer, Jose L -- Hussain, Tanweer -- Emsley, Paul -- Long, Fei -- Murshudov, Garib -- Scheres, Sjors H W -- Ramakrishnan, V -- 096570/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- MC_U105184332/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_UP_A025_1012/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_UP_A025_1013/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- WT096570/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 28;343(6178):1485-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1249410.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24675956" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Mitochondria/*ultrastructure ; Mitochondrial Proteins/chemistry ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; RNA, Ribosomal/chemistry ; RNA, Transfer/chemistry ; Ribosome Subunits, Large, Eukaryotic/chemistry/*ultrastructure ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*ultrastructure
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Single and double shock initiation modelling for high explosive materials in last three decades (2016)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-07
    Description: The explosives materials are normally in an energetically metastable state. These can undergo rapid chemical decomposition only if sufficient energy has first been added to get the process started. Such energy can be provided by shocks. To predict the response of these materials under impacts of shocks of different strengths and durations and at various conditions, mathematical models are used. During the last three decades, a lot of research has been carried out and several shock initiation models have been presented. The models can be divided into continuum based and physics based models. In this study the single and double shock initiation models presented in last three decades have been reviewed and the ranges of their application has been discussed.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 5
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    Locally solving fractional Laplacian viscoacoustic wave equation using Hermite distributed approximating functional method (2017)
    Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-07
    Description: Accurate seismic modeling in realistic media serves as the basis of seismic full-waveform inversion and imaging. Recently, viscoacoustic seismic modeling incorporating attenuation effects has been performed by solving a fractional Laplacian viscoacoustic wave equation. In this equation, attenuation, being spatially heterogeneous, is represented partially by the spatially varying power of the fractional Laplacian operator previously approximated by the global Fourier method. We have developed a local-spectral approach, based on the Hermite distributed approximating functional (HDAF) method, to implement the fractional Laplacian in the viscoacoustic wave equation. Our approach combines local methods’ simplicity and global methods’ accuracy. Several numerical examples are developed to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of using the HDAF method for the frequency-independent Q fractional Laplacian wave equation.
    Print ISSN: 0016-8033
    Electronic ISSN: 1942-2156
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG)
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  • 6
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    Determination of plasma temperature and electron density of iron in iron slag samples using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (2016)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-07
    Description: Plasma temperature and electron density of iron in iron slag samples taken from a local plant is studied. Optimal experimental conditions were evaluated using Nd: YAG laser at 1064 nm. Some toxic elements were identified and quantitative measurements were also made. Plasma temperature and electron density were estimated using standard equations and well resolved iron spectral lines in the 229.06-358.11 nm region at 10, 20, 30 and 40 mJ laser pulse energy with 4.5 μs delay time. These parameters were found to increase with increase in laser pulse energy. The Boltzmann distribution and experimentally measured line intensities support the assumption that the laser-induced plasma was in local thermal equilibrium. It is worth mentioning that iron and steel sector generates tons of solid waste and residues annually containing variety of contaminants which can be harmful to the environment and therefore knowledge, proper analysis and investigation of such iron slag is important.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 7
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    Multiple shock compressions in tri-amino-tri-nitro-benzene based energetic materials (2016)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-07
    Description: Various hazard and vulnerability scenarios for energetic materials involve multiple shock compression. Triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB) based explosives are comparatively insensitive to shocks of low impacts and therefore considered suitable materials for the devices vulnerable to low shock impacts. Multiple shock compression may further desensitize these materials. Although the desensitization criterion for HMX based plastic bonded explosive PBX9404 has long been determined, no such criterion for TATB based explosives has yet been determined. In the present paper the desensitization criterion for TATB based explosive is proposed, based on recently performed experiments. By using a model which employs the proposed criterion to account for the desensitization effects in TATB based explosives, numerical simulations of the multiple shock experiments have been performed. The calculated results agree closely with the experimental results.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 8
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    Development of antibacterial fibers and study on effect of guar-gum addition on properties of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)/alginate fibers (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-09-14
    Description: The effect of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) addition on the tensile and absorption properties of alginate fibers had been reported in the previous research. Great increase in absorbency was observed due to addition of CMC to calcium alginate fibers but was not balanced with mechanical strength. By addition of CMC dry and wet strength of composite fibers was reduced, therefore, a balance was needed between the absorbency of the fibers and mechanical strength. The effect to introduce another component i.e. Guar-gum on overall mechanical and absorbency characteristics is reported here. In comparison to CMC/alginate co-spun fibers, it was shown that inclusion of guar-gum improves the tensile strength as well as absorbency of composite fibers. CMC/guar-gum/alginate fibers were extruded through two different coagulation baths. In first step the dope solution was extruded through CaCl 2 coagulation bath. The dope of optimized composite fiber formulation with adjusted mechanica...
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    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 9
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    Development of nanofibers based neuropathic patch loaded with Lidocaine to deal with nerve pain in burn patients (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-09-14
    Description: Burns wounds are difficult and different to treat when compared with other wounds. The management of burn wounds is divided into three main categories; pain management, infection management and healing. Various commercial products are available to treat and prevent infection in burn patients but, for the management of pain, intravenous (IV) route is preferred which is associated with different side-effects. The local release of analgesic agent for nerve pain can reduce the IV related side effects and can provide quick and effective nerve pain management in burn patients. In this study, electrospun nanofibers of sodium alginate/PEO were loaded with lidocaine to reduce nerve pain and the effect of parameters were studied to get optimized bead free nanofibers. The drug release was tunable (from minutes to hours) and other properties like liquid absorption were studied against distilled, saline and solution A. The combination of moist environment and strong nerve pain inhibitor coul...
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 10
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    Preparation of stable dispersion of ZnO nanorods and its application on cotton fabric for functional properties (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-11-09
    Description: In this systematic study, we describe the influence of various surfactants and polymers on aggregation stability of ZnO nanorods. Triton X-100, PVP and PVA were used to disperse nanorods. The surfactant/polymer stabilizing effect was monitored using the sedimentation study and photographic methods based on the decrease in the height of the interface as a function of time. The dispersion of nanorods when applied to cotton fabric, it exhibited functional properties like antibacterial activity and UV protection. The morphologies of nanorods and functionalized cotton were characterized by using SEM.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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