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  • 1
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    It’s all about water: cryosphere changes and socioeconomic adaptation strategies in the Upper Indus Basin (2023)
    In:  XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-11
    Description: The cryosphere of the Upper Indus Basin (UIB) is shrinking at an accelerating rate, which causes adverse consequences for meltwater supply and increasing risks due to recurring and potentially more frequent glacio-fluvial hazards. The subsequent effects on meltwater-dependent irrigation systems for crop cultivation and hazards including Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs) require integrated analyses of water management and adaptation strategies of exposed mountain communities. Rapid and largely unplanned urbanisation processes, infrastructure development and related environmental degradation exacerbate risks for vulnerable mountain people already affected by climate change impacts. To meet these interrelated challenges, an improved understanding of socio-hydrological pathways is necessary. This needs to capture regional and local particularities, including glacio-fluvial runoff dynamics, socioeconomic processes, indigenous environmental knowledge, and external development interventions. Based on long-term and multi-sited field-based research, supported by multi-temporal analyses of remote sensing data, this contribution aims to inform stakeholders and decision-makers for shaping future sustainable development in the fragile Himalayan riskscapes of the UIB. To achieve this, the role of water harvesting infrastructures, including the implementation of ice reservoirs and socioeconomic drivers ranging from village institutions to non-governmental organizations and state-sponsored development programs.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of piscivore-mediated habitat use on growth, diet and zooplankton consumption of roach: an individual-based modelling approach (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Freshwater biology 47 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SUMMARY 1. We used an individual based modelling approach for roach to (i) simulate observed diel habitat shifts between the pelagic and littoral zone of a mesotrophic lake; (ii) analyse the relevance of these habitat shifts for the diet, activity costs and growth of roach; and (iii) quantify the effects of a hypothetical piscivore-mediated (presence of pikeperch) confinement of roach to the littoral zone on roach diet, activity costs and growth.2. The model suggests that in the presence of pikeperch, roach shifts from zooplankton as the primary diet to increased consumption of less nutritious food items such as macrophytes, filamentous algae and detritus.3. The growth of roach between May and October was predicted to be significantly higher in the absence of pikeperch, although the net activity costs were about 60% higher compared with the scenario where pikeperch were present.4. These modelling results provide quantitative information for interpreting diel horizontal migrations of roach as a result from a trade-off between food availability and predation risk in different habitats of a lake.5. Altering the habitat selection mode of planktivorous roach by piscivore stocking has the potential to reduce zooplankton consumption by fish substantially, and could therefore be used as a biomanipulation technique complementing the reduction of zooplanktivorous fish.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2002.01002.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The k-systems glitch: granulation of predictor variables (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Kybernetes 33 (2004), S. 962-972 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-492X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Ecosystem behavior is complex and may be controlled by many factors that change in space and time. Consequently, when exploring system functions such as ecosystem "health", scientists often measure dozens of variables and attempt to model the behavior of interest using combinations of variables and their potential interactions. This methodology, using parametric or nonparametric models, is often flawed because ecosystems are controlled by events, not variables, and events are comprised of (often tiny) pieces of variable combinations (states and substates). Most events are controlled by relatively few variables (=4) that may be modulated by several others, thereby creating event distributions rather than point estimates. These event distributions may be thought of as comprising a set of fuzzy rules that could be used to drive simulation models. The problem with traditional approaches to modeling is that predictor variables are dealt with in total, except for interactions, which themselves must be static. In reality, the "low" piece of one variable may influence a particular event differently than another, depending on how pieces of other variables are shaping the event, as demonstrated by the k-systems state model of algal productivity. A swamp restoration example is used to demonstrate the changing faces of predictor variables with respect to influence on the system function, depending on particular states. The k-systems analysis can be useful in finding potent events, even when region size is very small. However, small region sizes are the result of using many variables and/or many states and substates, which creates a high probability of extracting falsely-potent events by chance alone. Furthermore, current methods of granulating predictor variables are inappropriate because the information in the predictor variables rather than that of the system function is used to form clusters. What is needed is an iterative algorithm that granulates the predictor variables based on the information in the system function. In most ecological scenarios, few predictor variables could be granulated to two or three categories with little loss of predictive potential.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03684920410534001
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoperiodic induction of synchronous flowering near the Equator (2005)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 433 (2005), S. 627-629 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In tropical rainforests, 30–65% of tree species grow at densities of less than one individual per hectare. At these low population densities, successful cross-pollination relies on synchronous flowering. In rainforests with low climatic seasonality, photoperiodic control is the only ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature03259
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Botany A new self-pollination mechanism (2004)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 431 (2004), S. 39-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Pollen grains from most flowering plants are transported by wind or animals and deposited on the receptive surface of the stigma of a different individual, but self-pollination is also common. We have discovered a new process for self-pollination in the laterally orientated flowers of a Chinese ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/431039b
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolutionary biology Structure in mutualistic networks (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 448 (2007), S. 877-879 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The mutually beneficial relationships between plants and animals take several forms. One example is pollination. Another is the process by which a fruit-eating creature, a frugivore, gets a meal and subsequently disperses a plant's seeds in its droppings. In the context of a local ecological ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/448877a
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for a double-helical structure for modular polyketide synthases (1996)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural biology 3 (1996), S. 188-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1072-8368
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Modular polyketide synthases are multienzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of a large number of clinically important natural products. They contain multiple sets, or modules, of enzymatic activities, distributed between a few giant multienzymes and there is one module for every successive cycle ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsb0296-188
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Floral biological observations onHeliamphora tatei (Sarraceniaceae) and other plants from Cerro de la Neblina in Venezuela (1989)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 163 (1989), S. 21-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Sarraceniaceae ; Melastomataceae ; Rapateaceae ; Gentianaceae ; Loranthaceae ; Malpighiaceae ; Ericaceae ; Orchidaceae ; Campylopterus duidae ; Diglossa duidae ; Anoura geoffroyi ; africanized honey bee ; Pollination by bees ; buzz pollination ; Flora of Neblina
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract During 20 days in 1985, floral biological observations were made at 1 850–2 100m elevation on Cerro de la Neblina in Venezuela.Heliamphora tatei var.neblinae (Sarraceniaceae) is nectarless and has poricidal anthers.Heliamphora tatei, Graffenrieda fruticosa, G. polymera, G. reticulata, Tocca pachystachya, T. tepuiensis (Melastomataceae),Saxofridericia compressa, andStegolepsis neblinensis (Rapateaceae), are buzz-pollinated by ten species ofBombus, Eulaema, Melipona, Centris, Xylocopa, Dialictus, andNeocorynura. Additional observations of floral visits on tepui species ofGentianaceae, Loranthaceae, Malpighiaceae, Ericaceae, Orchidaceae, andAsteraceae are reported. Visitors include the hummingbirdCampylopterus duidae, the flower-piercerDiglossa duidae, the nectarivorous batAnoura geoffroyi, and various species ofCentris andBombus bees. Scent baits for euglossine bees attracted very few bees.Apis mellifera adansonii-scutellata, the africanized honey bee, was caught at 1 850m elevation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00936149
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  • 9
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    Partner abundance controls mutualism stability and the pace of morphological change over geologic time (2017)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-24
    Description: Mutualisms that involve symbioses among specialized partners may be more stable than mutualisms among generalists, and theoretical models predict that in many mutualisms, partners exert reciprocal stabilizing selection on traits directly involved in the interaction. A corollary is that mutualism breakdown should increase morphological rates of evolution. We here use the largest ant-plant clade (Hydnophytinae), with different levels of specialization for mutualistic ant symbionts, to study the ecological context of mutualism breakdown and the response of a key symbiosis-related trait, domatium entrance hole size, which filters symbionts by size. Our analyses support three predictions from mutualism theory. First, all 12 losses apparently only occur from a generalist symbiotic state. Second, mutualism losses occurred where symbionts are scarce, in our system at high altitudes. Third, domatium entrance hole size barely changes in specialized symbiotic species, but evolves rapidly once symbiosis with ants has broken down, with a “morphorate map” revealing that hotspots of entrance hole evolution are clustered in high-altitude areas. Our study reveals that mutualistic strategy profoundly affects the pace of morphological change in traits involved in the interaction and suggests that shifts in partners’ relative abundances may frequently drive reversions of generalist mutualisms to autonomy.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 10
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    Late-spring frost risk between 1959 and 2017 decreased in North America but increased in Europe and Asia (2020)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-05-11
    Description: Late-spring frosts (LSFs) affect the performance of plants and animals across the world’s temperate and boreal zones, but despite their ecological and economic impact on agriculture and forestry, the geographic distribution and evolutionary impact of these frost events are poorly understood. Here, we analyze LSFs between 1959 and 2017 and the resistance strategies of Northern Hemisphere woody species to infer trees’ adaptations for minimizing frost damage to their leaves and to forecast forest vulnerability under the ongoing changes in frost frequencies. Trait values on leaf-out and leaf-freezing resistance come from up to 1,500 temperate and boreal woody species cultivated in common gardens. We find that areas in which LSFs are common, such as eastern North America, harbor tree species with cautious (late-leafing) leaf-out strategies. Areas in which LSFs used to be unlikely, such as broad-leaved forests and shrublands in Europe and Asia, instead harbor opportunistic tree species (quickly reacting to warming air temperatures). LSFs in the latter regions are currently increasing, and given species’ innate resistance strategies, we estimate that ∼35% of the European and ∼26% of the Asian temperate forest area, but only ∼10% of the North American, will experience increasing late-frost damage in the future. Our findings reveal region-specific changes in the spring-frost risk that can inform decision-making in land management, forestry, agriculture, and insurance policy.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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