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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A FUNCTION-BASED FRAMEWORK FOR UNDERSTANDING BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS (2004)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Biophysics and Biomolecular Structure 33 (2004), S. 75-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1056-8700
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Systems biology research is currently dominated by integrative, multidisciplinary approaches. Although important, these strategies lack an overarching systems perspective such as those used in engineering. We describe here the Axiomatic Design approach to system analysis and illustrate its utility in the study of biological systems. Axiomatic Design relates functions at all levels to the behavior of biological molecules and uses a Design Matrix to understand these relationships. Such an analysis reveals that robustness in many biological systems is achieved through the maintenance of functional independence of numerous subsystems. When the interlinking (coupling) of systems is required, biological systems impose a functional period in order to maximize successful operation of the system. Ultimately, the application of Axiomatic Design methods to the study of biological systems will aid in handling cross-scale models, identifying control points, and predicting system-wide effects of pharmacological agents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.biophys.33.110502.132654
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Theory of Complexity, Periodicity and the Design Axioms (1999)
    Springer
    Research in engineering design 11 (1999), S. 116-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-6066
    Keywords: Key words:Axiomatic design – Complexity – Design axioms – Periodicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract: One of the topics that has received the attention of mathematicians, scientists and engineers is the notion of complexity. The subject is still being debated, as it lacks a common definition of complexity, concrete theories that can predict complex phenomena, and the mathematical tools that can deal with problems involving complexity. In axiomatic design, complexity is defined only when specific functional requirements or the exact nature of the query are defined. Complexity is defined as a measure of uncertainty in achieving a set of specific functions or functional requirements. Complexity is related to information, which is defined in terms of the probability of success of achieving the Functional Requirements (FRs). There are two classes of complexity: time-dependent complexity and time-independent complexity. There are two orthogonal components of time-independent complexity, i.e., real complexity and imaginary complexity. The vector sum is called absolute complexity. Real complexity of coupled design is larger than that of uncoupled or decoupled designs. Imaginary complexity can be reduced when the design matrix is known. As an example of time-independent imaginary complexity, the design of a printing machine based on xerography is discussed. There are two kinds of time-dependent real complexity: time-dependent combinatorial complexity and time-dependent periodic complexity. Using a robot-scheduling problem as an example, it is shown that a coupled design with a combinatorial complexity can be reduced to a decoupled design with periodic complexity. The introduction of periodicity simplifies the design by making it deterministic, which requires much less information. Whenever a combinatorial complexity is converted to a periodic complexity, complexity and uncertainty is reduced and design simplified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00003883
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An application of axiomatic design (1992)
    Springer
    Research in engineering design 3 (1992), S. 149-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-6066
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract For the field of design to become a discipline, it must have the prerequisites of a discipline: principles and a process of solving problems using these principles. This paper presents a case study for axiomatic design, illustrating the process of using the design axioms (i.e., the Independence Axiom and the Information Axiom) in designing an artificial skin. The axioms are used to guide the analysis of a process design for an artificial skin graft. The analysis indicates that the current design does not meet the requirements specified by the axioms and should be redesigned to overcome the difficulties it has experienced in the field. Alternative solutions are generated following a systematic analysis of the design problem, and the best alternative is identified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01580517
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Axiomatic Design Theory for Systems (1998)
    Springer
    Research in engineering design 10 (1998), S. 189-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-6066
    Keywords: Key words: Architecture; Axioms; Independence; Information; Design; Systems; Theory
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract: A general theory for system design is presented based on axiomatic design. The theory is applicable to many different kinds of systems, including machines, large systems, software systems, organizations, and systems consisting of a combination of hardware and software. Systems are represented by means of a system architecture, which takes the form of the {FR}/{DP}/{PV}hierarchies, a ‘junction-module’ diagram, and the ‘flow diagram’. The ‘flow diagram’ for system architecture concisely represents the system design, the relationship among modules, and the control sequence in operating systems. The flow diagram of the system architecture can be used for many different tasks: design, construction, operation, modification, and maintenance of the system. It should also be useful for distributed design and operation of systems, diagnosis of system failures, and for archival documentation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001639870001
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Axiomatic approach to structural design (1992)
    Springer
    Research in engineering design 4 (1992), S. 171-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-6066
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract As civil engineering enters the 21st century, the demands on the profession will move toward complex, interdisciplinary tasks such as infrastructure rehabilitation, environmental cleanup, and the delivery of high-technology facilities (e.g., hospitals, R&D laboratories, and advanced manufacturing plants). The current structural design paradigm is a top-down process that includes a nonhomogeneous approach to decision-making. There is an apparent lack of basic principles to formalize and evaluate conceptual design decisions while preliminary and detailed design decisions reflect increasing formalization and reliance on computational methods. This nonhomogeneous approach to decision-making limits how well the practicing engineer can meet the impending design challenges; particularly since conceptual design decisions determine a significant portion of a project's total cost. Axiomatic design is presented as a systematic framework for structural design because it aids the designer in satisfying multiple design objectives in a homogeneous manner throughout the design process. It is also an effective framework for formalizing and evaluating conceptual design decisions. The design of a structural frame for an innovative mechanical parking system is presented as an illustrative case study. This paper represents an initial effort to apply the principles of axiomatic design to the domain of civil engineering structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01607945
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A framework for performance-based design (1993)
    Springer
    Research in engineering design 5 (1993), S. 105-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-6066
    Keywords: Axiomatic design ; Building design ; Decision-making ; Systems integration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The international competitiveness of the US construction industry is linked to its strategic ability to design and build quality projects. This means delivering facilities that satisfy all the needs of the client. Correct decision-making during design and construction planning is the best means for assuring a quality project. Performance-based design is a framework that enables the project team to approach the project delivery process systematically and provides basic principles for evaluating and comparing alternative solutions. The principles of axiomatic design (as previously advanced by Suh) and the concept of an interface index are key elements of the framework. Axiomatic design provides an operational structure for the design process as well as a set of basic principles or axioms for guiding each decision-maker. The interface index complements the design axioms by quantifying the effort associated with integrating the contributions of multiple decision-makers into a total system. Elements of the framework are demonstrated through application to an actual facility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032579
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Axiomatic design of a microcellular filament extrusion system (1996)
    Springer
    Research in engineering design 8 (1996), S. 166-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-6066
    Keywords: Axiomatic design ; Extrusion ; Microcellular plastics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents a case study of axiomatic design for a microcellular polymer processing system with particular emphasis on the continuous formation of a polymer/gas solution. The objective is to design a continuous processing system for the manufacture of microcellular polymers, which are characterized by cell densities greater than 109 cells/cm3 and cells smaller than 10 µm. Conventional microcellular polymers are produced in batch processes by first forming a polymer/gas solution followed by rapidly decreasing the solubility of gas in the polymer resulting in the nucleation and growth of bubbles. The main strategy for the design of a new continuous processing system is to integrate these two major steps into an extrusion process such that the overall process is decoupled. The axiomatic design principles are effectively used as a structured framework for the design of the overall system and for the detailed design of each stage as well. The resulting microcellular plastics extrusion system has independently controllable functions at each stage via an appropriate design parameter. The purpose of this paper is to present a systematic design procedure emphasizing the continuous polymer/gas solution system, illustrating the decomposition of the functional requirements and design parameters, the zigzagging required between the design domains for decomposition, and the use of the design axioms during the design of a microcellular polymer manufacturing system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01608351
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A process for making microcellular thermoplastic parts (1990)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 30 (1990), S. 1323-1329 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A novel process to produce microcellular thermoplastic parts is described. This is achieved by integrating the deformation process in the foaming cycle in such a way that the cell nucleation and growth processes are effectively uncoupled from deformation. The nitrogen-polystyrene system is studied and the relationships between the essential process parameters are established. It is experimentally shown that the pressures associated with deformation do not reduce the number of bubbles nucleated. The process synthesized is demonstrated by making a microcellular polystyrene container.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760302010
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stress-wave propagation in truncated cones against a “rigid” wall (1967)
    Springer
    Experimental mechanics 7 (1967), S. 541-544 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-2765
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The reflection of stress waves from the conical end of a rod which is placed against a “rigid” wall is investigated. The reflection takes place at the lateral surface of the cone and at the cone-“rigid” wall boundary at low stress amplitudes. When the sum of the amplitudes of the amplified incident and reflected pulses reach the elastic limit near the cone-“rigid” wall boundary, a part of the pulse is reflected at the resulting elasto-plastic boundary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02326331
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strain-rate sensitive tough fibre-reinforced composites (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 12 (1977), S. 239-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A new type of composite was designed and tested which has greater fracture toughness under impact loading conditions than conventional fibre-reinforced composites. This composite is strain-rate sensitive and can be more than twice as tough as conventional composites having the same matrix and fibre. The key concept used was to coat the reinforcing fibres with a thin layer of viscous fluid in order to maximize the shear stress acting on the fibres during the fibre pull-out. At a given strain-rate the shear stress can be optimized by changing the fluid viscosity and thickness of the coating. The optimum results are obtained when the frictional force is equal to the fibre strength. Composites were made with uniaxial and randomly oriented E-glass fibres in a polyester resin. Samples with uncoated fibres were used as reference. The viscous fluids used included Dow Corning 200 Fluid with viscosities of 105 cP and 106 cP, Zelec U.N., petrolatum and silicone vacuum grease. Notched uniaxial samples with uncoated fibres (fibre volume fraction of 0.06) showed an energy absorption of 16.8 kJ m−2 (3.2 ft lb in.−1) in the lzod test. The uniaxial samples coated with Dow Corning 200 Fluid showed an energy absorption from 6.7 kJ m− (1.28 ft lb in.−1) to 41.4 kJ m−2 (7.87 ft lb in.−1) depending on the thickness of the coating. The samples with random uncoating fibres (fibre volume fraction of 0.20) had an energy absorption of 14.2 kJ m−2 (2.71 ft lb in.−1) while the samples with coated fibres ranged from 13.7 to 31.6 kJ m−2 (2.60 to 6.02 ft lb in.−1).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00566264
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