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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Earth and Planetary Science Letters 99 (1990), S. 336-350 
    ISSN: 0012-821X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mineralogy and petrology 61 (1997), S. 27-45 
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine eingehende mineralogische Untersuchung eines Lagerganges von Pian di Celle, der als Melilitolit klassifiziert and mit Venanzit and karbonatitischen Pyroklasten assoziiert ist, ergab neue and seltene Mineral-Paragenesen, die als charakteristisch für die Kamafugit-Karbonatit-Assoziation gelten. Diese bestehen aus verschiedenen akzessorischen Mineralien, darunter Perovskit, Cuspidin, Götzenit, Khibinskit, Delhayelit, Macdonaldit, Bardonit and (Fe, Ni, Co) Monoarsenit; diese werden in Flüssigkeitseinschlüssen mit optischen and chemischen Methoden identifiziert. Die chemische Zusammensetzung dieser Minerale and ihre wahrscheinliche Kristallisationsabfolge, aus texturellen Beziehungen abgeleitet, zeigt extensive Substitutionen, vor allem für Ca, Ti, Mg and Alkelien, die im wesentlichen hohe Gehalte an SEE, Sr, Ba, Mb and Zr andeuten, die während der Kristallisation beträchtlichen Schwankungen unterlagen. Molekularer Alkali überschuß über Al in (H2O, F, CO2)-reichen Si-untersättigten Fluiden werden als wichtigste Faktoren für die Stabilität von Mineralen des DisilikatTyps gesehen. Trennung des Karbonatites vom Silikat, die durch texturelle und Flüssigkeitseinschluß-Daten genau fixiert werden konnte, war wichtig für die Verschiebung des Residuums auf einen deutlich peralkalinen Trend, welcher die Sulfide unter veränderten Redox-Bedingungen stabilisieren konnte.
    Notes: Summary A detailed mineralogical investigation of a Pian di Celle sill rock (San Venanzo, Italy), classified asmelilitolite and associated withvenanzite and carbonatitic pyroclasts, revealed new and rare mineral parageneses, considered as characteristic of thekamafugite-carbonatite association. These are formed by several accessory minerals, including minerals of the cuspidine family, götzenite, khibinskite, minerals of the rhodesite- delhayelite- macdonaldite family, pyrrhotite, bartonite and (Fe, Ni, Co) monoarsenide, mostly optically and chemically identified also in fluid inclusions. The chemical composition of these minerals and their probable crystallisation succession, deduced from textural relationships, demonstrates extensive atomic substitutions, notably for Ca, Ti, Mg and alkali, essentially reflecting high concentrations of REE, Sr, Ba, Nb and Zr, which significantly varied during crystallisation. Molecular alkali excess over Al and high Ca content in (H2O, F, CO2)-rich, Siundersaturated liquid(s) are considered the dominant factors in controlling the stability of disilicate-type minerals. Separation of the carbonatite liquid from the silicate magma, constrained by textural and fluid inclusion data, was fundamental in moving the residuum onto a strongly peralkaline trend which stabilised the sulphides under changed redox conditions.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mineralogy and petrology 59 (1997), S. 43-67 
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Diese Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über bereits veröffentlichte Ergebnisse und bringt neue Daten zu den vier Karbonatitvorkommen, die in Italien seit 1990 nachgewiesen wurden. Alle sind rezenten Alters. Drei davon sind extrusiv und umfassen Tuffe und Brekzien, während das vierte subvulkanisch ist und aus Tuffisiten besteht. Sie bilden Diatreme mit Tuff-Ringen, wobei drei von ihneneng mit melilithischen Tuffen und Laven assoziiert sind. Zwei der Vorkommen umfassen Karbonatite sensu strictu, i.e. Calcit 〉 50% Vol.%, während die anderen zwei “karbonatitisch” sind und nur 20–40% primären magmatischeu Calcit enthalten; dünne Aschenlagen bestehen aber aus echten Karbonatiten. Die Tuffe und Brekzien stellen Mischungen von karbonatitischen und melilithischen Lapilli und Bomben in einer Calcit-reichen Asche dar. Alle Vorkommen führen Reste von Mantelgesteinen in der Form kleiner Xenolithe, Xeno-Kristalle und als Kerne von kozentrischen Lapilli; hier liegt Olivin, Pyroxen und Phlogopit mit hohem Mg#, Ni, und Cr vor. In einem Vorkommen werden konzentrische Lapilli aus scharf begrenzten Lagen von Melilitit, Karbonat-führendem Melilitit und Calcit-phyrischem Karbonatit um Wehrlit-Kerne aufgebaut. Neue Gesamtgesteinsanalysen von allen vier Lokalitäten, sowie Mikrosondenanalysen von Calciten, lassen die Anwesenheit von beachtlichen Gehalten an Sr, Ba, und REE erkennen, was typisch für karbonatitische Calcite ist. Die Melilithite und Karbonatite sind gleichen Ursprungs und haben sich während raschen Transportes an die Oberfläche durch Magmenentmischung gebildet. Die frühere Verfestigung des Mililithites führte dann zur Bildung von karbonatitischen Schmelzen. Die Anwesenheit von Karbonatiten und Melilithiten in Zentralitalien wird als Hinweis darauf gesehen, daß diese magmatische Provinz nicht Subduktions-bezogen ist, die räumliche Verteilung dieser Gesteine in einer Zone östlich der römischen magmatischen Provinz wird vielmehr als Hinweis auf eine mächtigere Lithosphäre gesehen.
    Notes: Summary The paper reviews the published work, and presents new data, on the four occurrences of carbonatite that have been recognised in Italy since 1990. All are Recent in age. Three are extrusive and comprise tuffs and breccias while the fourth is high level and consists of tuffisites. They form diatremes with tuff rings, three of them being intimately associated with melilititic tuffs and lavas. Two of the occurrences include carbonatitessensu stricto i.e. calcite is 〉 50% by volume, while the other two are `‘carbonatitic'’, primary igneous calcite generally being 20-40%, but thin ash layers are true carbonatites. The tuffs and breccias are mixtures of carbonatitic and melilitic lapilli and bombs set in calcite-rich ash. All occurrences contain mantle debris in the form of small xenoliths, xenocrysts and cores to concentric lapilli, of olivine, pyroxene and phlogopite characterised by high Mg#, Ni and Cr. In one occurrence concentric lapilli are built of sharply bounded layers of melilitite, carbonate-bearing melilitite and calcite-phyric carbonatite around wehrlitic cores. New whole rock analyses for all four localities are given and electron microprobe analyses of calcite indicate the presence of significant Sr, Ba and REE, which is typical of carbonatitic calcite. The melilitites and carbonatites are taken to be consanguineous and to have separated immiscibly during rapid transport to the surface, earlier solidification of the melilitite producing final carbonatitic liquids. The presence of the carbonatites and melilitites in central Italy is taken as evidence that this igneous province is unlikely to be subduction related; instead the spatial distribution of these rocks in a zone east of the Roman Igneous Province is considered to reflect thicker underlying lithosphere.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mineralogy and petrology 49 (1993), S. 213-231 
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zwei kleine, um 0.25 Millionen Jahre alte Diatreme durchschlugen liassische Kalkgesteine, ungefdhr 1 km NNE des Dorfes Polino (Long. 12°50'54″E-Lat. 42°35'34″N; Mittelitalien). Das Material, aus dem das größere Diatrem besteht, ist überwiegend Tuffisit mit häufigen Lapilli, die eine konzentrische Struktur zeigen. Sowohl nichtalterierte Nebengesteine, wie auch massive, hypabyssale Karbonatite treten im Tuffisit als eckige Klasten und Blöcke auf, mit einem Durchmesser von wenigen mm bis 1 m. Das Polino-Gestein tritt in einem sehr Kalium-reichen Vulkan-Distrikt (der Umbria-Latium Ultraalkaline Distrikt) auf, der aus phonolitischen Pyroklastika und untergeordnet aus kamafugitischen Laven aufgebaut ist. Massive Karbonatite bestehen im Durchschnitt aus 53% Sr-Ba-reichem Calcit, 23% Fe-Monticellit, 9% Th-Perovskit und Ti-Magnetit, 6% Cr-Phlogopit, 6% Fo-reichem Olivin, ungefdhr 2% Zr-Schorlomit und ca. 1 % Si-CO-OH-Apatit. Perovskit, Schorlo mit und Apatit bilden eine Mineralassoziation, während Olivin und Phlogopit, die häufig durch Monticellit verdrdngt sind, als Nodulen und Einzelkbrner auftreten. Letztere zeigen Zusammensetzungen und Deformationen wie sie für Mantel-Xenokristalle in Alkali-Basalten und ultramafischen Gesteinen typisch sind. Der hohe Modalgehalt an Ca-Karbonat, hohe Sr, Ba und LREE-Gehalte im Calcit, das Vorhandensein von besonders für Karbonatite außergewöhnlichen Mineralen und häufiger Monticellit sprechen für eine Klassifizierung des Polino-Gesteins als Monticellit-Calciokarbonatit. Das Polino-Gestein repräsentiert eine karbonatitische Schmelze, die von Mantelkristallen kontaminiert ist. Die außergewöhnliche Geochemie dieser Gesteine ist durch Spurenelemente, die eine engere Verwandtschaft zu den regional assoziierten Kamafugiten als zu üblichen Karbonatiten erkennen lassen, geprägt.
    Notes: Summary Two small diatremes, about 0.25 my old, cut through Liassic limestones about 1 km NNE of the village of Polino (Long. 12°50'54″E-Lat. 42°35'34″N; Central Italy). The material filling the larger diatreme is mainly composed of a tuffisite with abundant lapilli showing concentric structure. Both unaltered country-rocks and massive hypabyssal carbonatite occur in the tuffisite as angular clasts and blocks, from a few mm up to more than 1 m in diameter. The Polino rock occurs in a strongly-potassic igneous district (Umbria Latium Ultra-alkaline District) which comprises phonolitic pyroclastic rocks and very rare kamafugitic lavas. Massive carbonatite blocks have an average mode of 53% Sr-Ba-rich calcite, 23% Fe-monticellite, 9% Th-perovskite plus Ti-magnetite, 6% Cr-phlogopite, 6% forsteritic olivine, about 2% Zr-schorlomite and ca. 1% Si-CO-OH apatite. Perovskite, schorlom ite, and apatite form cognate phases, whereas olivine and phlogopite, often replaced by monticellite, occur as nodules and as discrete grains with compositions and deformation features typical of mantle xenocrysts found in alkali basalts and ultramafic rocks. High modal content of Ca-carbonate, high Sr, Ba and LREE contents of calcite, the presence of rare minerals peculiar to carbonatitic rocks and an essential amount of monticellite indicate classification of the Polino rock as a monticellite calciocarbonatite. The Polino rock represents a carbonatitic melt strongly contaminated by mantle-crystal debris. It displays unusual geochemical features having trace elements closer to those of the regional-associated kamafugitic rocks rather than to those of common carbonatites.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 57 (1996), S. 563-577 
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Keywords: Explosive volcanism ; Maar Diatreme ; Carbonatite ; Concentric lapilli ; Italy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The late Pleistocene San Venanzo maar and nearby Pian di Celle tuff ring in the San Venanzo area of Umbria, central Italy, appear to represent different aspects of an eruptive cycle accompanied by diatreme formation. Approximately 6x106 m3 of mostly lapillisized, juvenile ejecta with lesser amounts of lithics and 1x106 m3 of lava were erupted. The stratigraphy indicates intense explosive activity followed by lava flows and subvolcanic intrusions. The pyroclastic material includes lithic breccia derived from vent and diatreme wall erosion, roughly stratified lapilli tuff deposited by concentrated pyroclastic surge, chaotic scoriaceous pyroclastic flow and inverse graded grain-flow deposits. The key feature of the pyroclastics is the presence of concentric-shelled lapilli generated by accretion around the lithics during magma ascent in the diatreme conduits. The rock types range from kalsilite leucite olivine melilitite lavas and subvolcanic intrusions to carbonatite, phonolite and calcitic melilitite pyroclasts. Juvenile ejecta contain essential calcite whose composition and texture indicate a magmatic origin. Pyroclastic carbonatite activity is also indicated by the presence of carbonatite ash beds. The San Venanzo maar-forming event is believed to have been trigered by fluid-rich carbonatite-phonolite magma. The eruptive centre the moved to the Pian di Celle tuff ring, where the eruption of degassed olivine melilititic magma and late intrusions ended magmatic activity in the area. In both volcanoes the absence of phreatomagmatic features together with the presence of large amounts of primary calcite suggests carbonatite segregation and violent exsolution of CO2 which, flowing through the diatremes, produced the peculiar intrusive pyroclastic facies and triggered explosions.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 122 (1995), S. 275-288 
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  Field, mineralogical and petrological data are presented on a newly found carbonatite occurrence associated with “kamafugite” lava at Cupaello, central Italy. This carbonatite occurrence is part of the Late Pleistocene Umbria-Latium ultra-alkaline district (ULUD) which extends southwards within the Apennines to Mount Vulture, delineating an important magmatic province along the most peripheral belt of the Tyrrhenian extensional tectonic system. This province is distinct, but probably related genetically with the more abundant and common leucite-bearing assemblages of the Roman Comagmatic Region and represents the first reported occurrence of carbonatite assemblages in the Mediterranean Basin. The Cupaello suite indicates that primary or near-primary mantle silicate melts of “kamafugitic” composition are transitional with Ca-carbonatite liquid and provides direct evidence of immiscibility of carbonatite from “kamafugite” magma. It is inferred that a primary mantle origin of Ca-carbonatites is conditional upon a potential silicate magma that may be coupled with the carbonatite, but may not have reached the surface. The data indicate a strong genetic link between ULUD Ca-carbonatites and some African analogues, supporting the view that their genesis depends on similar source and associated tectonic conditions.
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2024-05-09
    Description: The Sulmona plain (central Italy) is an intramontane basin of the Abruzzi Apennines that is known in the literature for its high seismic hazard. We use extensive measurements of ambient noise to map the fundamental frequency and to detect the presence of geological heterogeneities in the basin. We perform noise measurements along two basin-scale orthogonal transects, in conjunction with 2-D array experiments in specific key areas. The key areas are located in different positions with respect to the basin margins: one at the eastern boundary (fault-controlled basin margin) and one in the deepest part of the basin. We also collect independent data by using active seismic experiments (MASW), down-hole and geological surveys to characterize the near-surface geology of the investigated sites. In detail, the H/V noise spectral ratios and 2-D array techniques indicate a fundamental resonance (f0) in the low-frequency range (0.35–0.4 Hz) in the Sulmona Basin. Additionally, our results highlight the important role that is played by the alluvial fans near the edge-sectors of the basin, which are responsible for a velocity inversion in the uppermost layering of the soil profile. The H/V ratios and the dispersion curves of adjacent measurements strongly vary over a few dozens of meters in the alluvial fan area. Furthermore, we perform 1-D numerical simulations that are based on a linear-equivalent approach to estimate the site response in the key areas, using realistic seismic inputs. Finally, we perform a 2-D simulation that is based on the spectral element method to propagate surface waves in a simple model with an uppermost stiff layer, which is responsible for the velocity inversion. The results from the 2-D modelling agree with the experimental curves, showing deamplified H/V curves and typical shapes of dispersion curves of a not normally dispersive site.
    Description: Published
    Description: 418-439
    Description: 3T. Pericolosità sismica e contributo alla definizione del rischio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Fourier analysis, Earthquake ground motions, Site effects ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2013-12-10
    Description: The new mineral umbrianite, ideally K 7 Na 2 Ca 2 [Al 3 Si 10 O 29 ]F 2 Cl 2 , was discovered as an essential groundmass mineral in melilitolite of the Pian di Celle volcano, Umbria, Italy. It forms rectangular, lamellar or lath-shaped crystals (up to 25 x 30 x 200 μm), typically flattened on {010}, and sheaf-like aggregates (up to 200–500 μm across). Umbrianite is commonly associated with kalsilite, leucite, fluorophlogopite, melilite, olivine (Fo 〉60 ), diopside, nepheline, Ti-rich magnetite, fluorapatite, cuspidine–hiortdahlite series minerals, götzenite, khibinskite, monticellite–kirschsteinite series minerals, westerveldite, various sulphides and peralkaline silicate glass. The empirical formula (based on Si + Al + Fe 3+ = 13) of the holotype umbrianite (mean of 58 analyses) is (K 6.45 Na 0.35 (Sr,Ba) 0.01 ) 6.81 (Na 1.22 Ca 0.78 ) 2.00 (Ca 1.85 Mg 0.13 Mn 0.01 Ti 0.01 ) 2.00 [(Fe 3+ 0.34 Al 3.06 Si 9.60 ) 13.00 O 29.00 ]F 2.05 Cl 1.91 (OH) 0.04 . The strongest lines of the X-ray diffraction powder pattern {d[Å] ( I obs )} are: 9.65(100), 6.59(97), 3.296(77), 3.118(70), 2.819(53), 2.903(52), 6.91(43). The strong bands in the Raman spectrum of umbrianite are at 525, 593, 735 and 1036 cm –1 . The mineral is orthorhombic, space group Pmmn, unit-cell parameters are: a = 7.0618(5), b = 38.420(2), c = 6.5734(4) Å, V = 1783.5(2) Å 3 , Z = 2. The calculated density is 2.49 g/cm 3 . The crystal structure of umbrianite has been refined from X-ray single-crystal data to R = 0.0941 for 1372 independent reflections with I 〉 2( I ). Umbrianite is a representative of a new structure type. Its crystal structure contains the triple-layer tetrahedral blocks [Al 4 (Si,Al) 2 (Si,Al,Fe) 4 Si 16 O 58 ] connected to each other via the columns of edge-shared octahedra CaO 5 F to form a 3D quasi-framework with channels filled by Cl – , K + (inside the tetrahedral blocks) and Na + (between the Ca octahedral columns). Umbrianite, günterblassite and hillesheimite, containing topologically identical triple-layer tetrahedral blocks, form the günterblassite group. Umbrianite is unstable under postmagmatic hydrothermal conditions and alters to Ba-rich hydrated phases.
    Print ISSN: 0935-1221
    Electronic ISSN: 1617-4011
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Schweizerbart
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2015-11-27
    Description: The Sulmona plain (central Italy) is an intramontane basin of the Abruzzi Apennines that is known in the literature for its high seismic hazard. We use extensive measurements of ambient noise to map the fundamental frequency and to detect the presence of geological heterogeneities in the basin. We perform noise measurements along two basin-scale orthogonal transects, in conjunction with 2-D array experiments in specific key areas. The key areas are located in different positions with respect to the basin margins: one at the eastern boundary (fault-controlled basin margin) and one in the deepest part of the basin. We also collect independent data by using active seismic experiments (MASW), down-hole and geological surveys to characterize the near-surface geology of the investigated sites. In detail, the H/V noise spectral ratios and 2-D array techniques indicate a fundamental resonance ( f 0 ) in the low-frequency range (0.35–0.4 Hz) in the Sulmona Basin. Additionally, our results highlight the important role that is played by the alluvial fans near the edge-sectors of the basin, which are responsible for a velocity inversion in the uppermost layering of the soil profile. The H/V ratios and the dispersion curves of adjacent measurements strongly vary over a few dozens of meters in the alluvial fan area. Furthermore, we perform 1-D numerical simulations that are based on a linear-equivalent approach to estimate the site response in the key areas, using realistic seismic inputs. Finally, we perform a 2-D simulation that is based on the spectral element method to propagate surface waves in a simple model with an uppermost stiff layer, which is responsible for the velocity inversion. The results from the 2-D modelling agree with the experimental curves, showing deamplified H/V curves and typical shapes of dispersion curves of a not normally dispersive site.
    Keywords: Seismology
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 10
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