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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Marine Microbiome (2022)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Microbiology. ; Industrial microbiology. ; Microbial ecology. ; Biochemical engineering. ; Microbiology. ; Industrial Microbiology. ; Microbial Ecology. ; Bioprocess Engineering.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: A Sea Of Microbes: What’s So Special About Marine Microbiology -- Part I: Diversity And Evolution Of Marine Microorganisms -- Chapter 2: Survival In A Sea Of Gradients: Bacterial And Archaeal Foraging In A Heterogeneous Ocean -- Chapter 3: Marine Cyanobacteria -- Chapter 4: Marine Protists: A Hitchhiker’s Guide To Their Role In The Marine Microbiome -- Chapter 5: Marine Fungi -- Chapter 6: Marine Viruses: Agents Of Chaos, Promoters Of Order -- Chapter 7: Evolutionary Genomics Of Marine Bacteria And Archaea -- Part II: Marine Habitats -- Chapter 8: Towards A Global Perspective Of The Marine Microbiome -- Chapter 9: The Pelagic Light-Dependent Microbiome -- Chapter 10: Microbial Inhabitants Of The Dark Ocean -- Chapter 11: The Subsurface And Oceanic Crust Prokaryotes -- Chapter 12: The Microbiome Of Coastal Sediments -- Chapter 13: Symbiosis In The Ocean Microbiome -- Chapter 14: Marine Extreme Habitats -- Part III: Marine Microbiome From Genomes To Phenomes: Biogeochemical Cycles, Networks, Fluxes, And Interaction -- Chapter 15: Marine Biogeochemical Cycles -- Chapter 16: A Holistic Approach For The Study Of The Role Of Microorganisms In The Marine Ecosystem -- Chapter 17: The Hidden Treasure: Marine Microbiome As Repository Of Bioactive Compounds -- Chapter 18: Ocean Restoration And The Strategic Plan Of The Marine Microbiome. .
    Abstract: This updated and expanded second edition reviews numerous aspects of the marine microbiome and its possible industrial applications. The marine microbiome is the total of microorganisms and viruses in the ocean and seas and in any connected environment, including the seafloor and marine animals and plants. In the first part of the book, diversity, origin and evolution of the marine microorganisms and viruses are discussed. The microbes presented originate from all three domains of life: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. The second part sheds some light on the different communities: it describes marine habitats and how their inhabitants control biogeochemical cycles. The third part finally examines the microbial ocean as a global system and evaluates methods of utilizing marine microbial resources. Adopting a translational approach, the book connects academic research with industrial applications, making it a fascinating read and valuable resource for microbiologists from both domains.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XVI, 766 p. 92 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 2nd ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783030903831
    Series Statement: The Microbiomes of Humans, Animals, Plants, and the Environment, 3
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90383-1
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-90383-1
    DDC: 579
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aerobic nitrogen fixation in pure cultures of a benthic marine Oscillatoria (cyanobacteria) (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 11 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1981.tb06983.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fermentation in cyanobacteria (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology reviews 21 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6976
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Although cyanobacteria are oxygenic phototrophic organisms, they often thrive in environments that become periodically anoxic. This is particularly the case in the dark when photosynthetic oxygen evolution does not take place. Whereas cyanobacteria generally utilize endogenous storage carbohydrate by aerobic respiration, they must use alternative ways for energy generation under dark anoxic conditions. This aspect of metabolism of cyanobacteria has received little attention but nevertheless in recent years a steadily increasing number of publications have reported the capacity of fermentation in cyanobacteria. This review summarizes these reports and gives a critical consideration of the energetics of dark fermentation in a number of species. There are a variety of different fermentation pathways in cyanobacteria. These include homo- and heterolactic acid fermentation, mixed acid fermentation and homoacetate fermentation. Products of fermentation include CO2, H2, formate, acetate, lactate and ethanol. In all species investigated, fermentation is constitutive. All enzymes of the fermentative pathways are present in photoautotrophically grown cells. Many cyanobacteria are also capable of using elemental sulfur as electron acceptor. In most cases it seems unlikely that sulfur respiration occurs. The main advantage of sulfur reduction seems to be the higher yield of ATP which can be achieved during fermentation. Besides oxygen and elemental sulfur no other electron acceptors for chemotrophic metabolism are known so far in cyanobacteria. Calculations show that the yield of ATP during fermentation, although it is low relative to aerobic respiration, exceeds the amount that is likely to be required for maintenance, which appears to be very low in these cyanobacteria. The possibility of a limited amount of biosynthesis during anaerobic dark metabolism is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.1997.tb00350.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactions between nitrogen fixation and oxegenic photosynthesis in a marine cyanobacterial mat (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 7 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.1990.tb01672.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactions between nitrogen fixation and oxegenic photosynthesis in a marine cyanobacterial mat (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 74 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cyanobacterial mats developed on fine sandy sediments of the upper littoral of the island of Mellum (North Sea). Freshly colonized sediment was dominated by the non-heterocystous, nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Oscillatoria limosa. Well established mats in which the cosmopolitan cyanobacterium Microcoleus chthonoplastes was the dominant organism also usually contained O. limosa as a minor component. This mat was about 1 mm thick and contained high biomass. Photosynthesis was maximal at about 150 μm depth and reached values of 280 μmol oxygen. 1−1 ? min−1. On the other hand, in the dark, high respiratory activity turned the mat anaerobic within minutes. Freshly colonized sediment consisted of low cyanobacterial biomass loosely attached to the sand grains and present up to a depth of 2.5 mm. Respiratory activity was low and the sediment remained aerobic to a depth of 2 mm throughout the night. Nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction) was measured during 24-h periods in both types of mats in order to elucidate interactions with oxygenic photosynthesis and oxygen concentration. Acetylene reduction in the mats showed very different diurnal patterns which depended on the type of mat investigated and the time of year. The results indicated that a temporary separation of oxygenic photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation occurred in the mat. Established mats fixed nitrogen predominantly during the transition from dark to light and vice versa, when oxygenic photosynthesis was reduced or absent. Freshly colonized sediment-fixed nitrogen throughout the night but often a stimulation was seen at dawn. The latter showed much higher specific activities than the established type. Also in spring, specific activities were much higher.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1990.tb04052.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poly(hydroxyalkanoate) in cyanobacteria: an overview (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 103 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In this paper an overview is given on the occurrence of poly(hydroxyalkanoate) (PHA) in cyanobacteria and its possible role as a putative reserve compound. Comparisons are made with the function of other storage compounds that occur in cyanobacteria. For the cyanobacteria Oscillatoria limosa and Gloeothece sp. PCC 6909, some experimental data on the accumulation and mobilization of PHA are presented. O. limosa presumably contains poly(hydroxyvalerate) (PHV), whereas in Gloeothece poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) was detected. Both species accumulated PHA to 6–9% of the dry weight. In Gloeothece PHB accumulation was stimulated by the addition of acetate but in O. limosa this was not the case. PHA was not involved in dark metabolism in either of the strains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1992.tb05835.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-molecular mass carbohydrate accumulation in cyanobacteria from a marine microbial mat in response to salt (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 45 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Forty seven strains of cyanobacteria, all isolated from microbial mats of intertidal sediments of the island of Mellum (North Sea), were analyzed for the presence of organic osmotica. The cyanobacteria examined belonged to taxonomically different groups and were classified according to their salt optimum and salt tolerance as either freshwater, brackish or marine. Except betaine, all organic osmotica known to occur in cyanobacteria, were found. The results showed no clear correlation between the chemical nature of the organic solute and the salt optimum or salt tolerance of the cyanobacteria examined, indicating that these solutes are not specific to this marine habitat. All strains belonging to the Nostoc/Anabea-group accumulated sucrose as the sole organic osmoticum. The marine, heterocystous Calothrix sp. accumulated trehalose. All strains of the LPP-group (Lyngbya, Plectonema, Phormidium) accumulated glucosylglycerol as sole or primary organic solute. Some LPP-strains accumulated a disaccharide as a secundary solute, e.g. sucrose or trehalose. Gloeocapsa, Synechocystis and Spirulina accumulated glucosylglycerol. Two marine Oscillatoria accumulated trehalose, whereas a freshwater Oscillatoria with a broad salinity tolerance, accumulated sucrose.Analysis of field samples of the microbial mats demonstrated the presence of glycerol, glucosylglycerol, sucrose and trehalose. The relative abundance of the different compounds was related to the species composition as could be predicted from laboratory observations. These data suggest that these carbohydrates have a function in maintaining osmotic balance in the organisms within the microbial mat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1987.tb02381.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dark anaerobic nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction) in the cyanobacterium Oscillatoria sp. (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 45 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The filamentous, non-heterocytous, nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Oscillatoria sp. strain 23 (Oldenburg) showed cycling of acetylene reduction in light-dark cycles. Under aerobic conditions nitrogenase activity is exclusively present during the dark period. However, if anaerobic conditions were applied during the dark period, two activity maxima were observed. A relatively small activity peak occurred during the first few hours of the dark period and a high peak as soon as the light was switched on. A low activity remained during the second half of the dark period. This pattern of acetylene reduction in Oscillatoria agrees well with the field data on nitrogen fixation [Stal, L.J. and Krumbein, W.E. (1984), Mar. Biol. 82, 217–224].
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1987.tb02360.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and development of a benthic marine microbial mat (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 31 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Vertically stratified microbial communities of phototrophic bacteria in the upper intertidal zones of the North Sea island of Mellum were investigated. Growth and population dynamics of the cyanobacterial mat were followed over three successive years. It was concluded that the initial colonization of the sandy sediments was by the cyanobacterium Oscillatoria. In well-established mats, however, the dominant organism was Microcoleus chthonoplastes. The observed succession of cyanobacteria during mat development is correlated with nitrogen fixation. Nitrogen fixation is necessary in this low-nutrient environment to ensure colonization by mat-constructing cyanobacteria. Under certain conditions, a red layer of purple sulfur bacteria developed underneath the cyanobacterial mat in which Chromatium and Thiocapsa spp. dominated, but Thiopedia and Ectothiorhodospira spp. have also been observed. Measurements of light penetrating the cyanobacterial mat indicated that sufficient light is available for the photosynthetic growth of purple sulfur bacteria. Profiles of oxygen, sulfide and redox potential within the microbial mat were measured using microelectrodes. Maximum oxygen concentrations, measured at a depth of 0.7 mm, reached levels more than twice the normal air saturation. Dissolved sulfide was not detected by the microelectrodes. Determination of acid-distilled sulfide, however, revealed appreciable amounts of bound sulfide in the mat. Redox profiles measured in the mat led to the conclusion that the upper 10 mm of the sedimentary sequence is in a relatively oxidized state.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1985.tb01138.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lactate dehydrogenase in the cyanobacterium Microcystis PCC7806 (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 127 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The cyanobacterium Microcystis PCC7806 was found to possess an NAD-dependent lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) which catalyzes the reduction of pyruvate to l-lactate. The enzyme required fructose 1,6-bisphosphate for activity and displayed positive cooperativity towards pyruvate. Lactate was not formed during fermentation by cell suspensions, possibly due to low intracellular concentrations of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and/or pyruvate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1995.tb07448.x
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