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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    FACTORS AFFECTING THE AUTOXIDATION OF LIPIDS IN MECHANICALLY DEBONED FISH (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 43 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Hemoglobin, myoglobin, total heme pigments, and nonheme iron concentrations were measured in phosphate buffer (pH 7.1) extracts of mechanical and hand deboned mullet, Mugil cephalus, to determine the factors which induce a greater prooxidant activity in mechanically deboned fish. Mechanical deboning increased the hemoglobin and nonheme iron contents but had very little influence on the amount of myoglobin in the deboned fish flesh. Oxygen uptake studies using oleic acid as a substrate revealed that the hemoprotein content had an influence on the prooxidant activity of the buffer extracts of the deboned fish. Studies using purified myoglobin and hemoglobin as prooxidants indicated that myoglobin had a greater catalytic effect than hemoglobin on the oxidation of oleic acid. It was concluded that, in addition to the concentration of total heme pigments, the hemoglobin to myoglobin ratio should be considered when determining the influence of hemoproteins on the oxidative stability of deboned fish.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1978.tb02413.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
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    Tumor necrosis factor enhances eosinophil toxicity to Schistosoma mansoni larvae. (1986)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-02-01
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 3
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    Ground Validation for the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) (2005)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-04-01
    Print ISSN: 0739-0572
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-0426
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by American Meteorological Society
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 4
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    Standard profiles of ozone from ground to 60 km obtained by combining satellite and ground based measurements (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A study is reported based on four years of SBUV data and five years of published ozonesonde data. The Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Experiment (SBUV), has been operating continuously since November 1978, providing some 1000 profiles per day. The data are of excellent quality from about 50 km down to the tropopause. By combining the satellite-derived data with ozonesonde data, a data base of standard ozone profiles and variance/covariance matrices has been developed, defining the observed variation of the atmospheric ozone around the mean profiles. Highlights of the data base are presented along with parameters of an analytical fit that describes the essential features of the data set. Although the data base was created specifically for use as a priori profiles for SBUV and Umkehr retrievals, it should be useful in other remote sensing applications and in modeling the UV radiation fields in the stratosphere. Another suggested application is in estimating ozone above the peak altitude of the ozone balloons.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Evolving Improvements to TRMM Ground Validation Rainfall Estimates (2000)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: The primary function of the TRMM Ground Validation (GV) Program is to create GV rainfall products that provide basic validation of satellite-derived precipitation measurements for select primary sites. Since the successful 1997 launch of the TRMM satellite, GV rainfall estimates have demonstrated systematic improvements directly related to improved radar and rain gauge data, modified science techniques, and software revisions. Improved rainfall estimates have resulted in higher quality GV rainfall products and subsequently, much improved evaluation products for the satellite-based precipitation estimates from TRMM. This presentation will demonstrate how TRMM GV rainfall products created in a semi-automated, operational environment have evolved and improved through successive generations. Monthly rainfall maps and rainfall accumulation statistics for each primary site will be presented for each stage of GV product development. Contributions from individual product modifications involving radar reflectivity (Ze)-rain rate (R) relationship refinements, improvements in rain gauge bulk-adjustment and data quality control processes, and improved radar and gauge data will be discussed. Finally, it will be demonstrated that as GV rainfall products have improved, rainfall estimation comparisons between GV and satellite have converged, lending confidence to the satellite-derived precipitation measurements from TRMM.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: Frist European Confernce on Radar Meteorology (ERAD); Sep 04, 2000 - Sep 08, 2000; Bologna,; Italy
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Climatological Processing and Product Development for the TRMM Ground Validation Program (2000)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite was successfully launched in November 1997.The main purpose of TRMM is to sample tropical rainfall using the first active spaceborne precipitation radar. To validate TRMM satellite observations, a comprehensive Ground Validation (GV) Program has been implemented. The primary goal of TRMM GV is to provide basic validation of satellite-derived precipitation measurements over monthly climatologies for the following primary sites: Melbourne, FL; Houston, TX; Darwin, Australia- and Kwajalein Atoll, RMI As part of the TRMM GV effort, research analysts at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) generate standardized rainfall products using quality-controlled ground-based radar data from the four primary GV sites. This presentation will provide an overview of TRMM GV climatological processing and product generation. A description of the data flow between the primary GV sites, NASA GSFC, and the TRMM Science and Data Information System (TSDIS) will be presented. The radar quality control algorithm, which features eight adjustable height and reflectivity parameters, and its effect on monthly rainfall maps, will be described. The methodology used to create monthly, gauge-adjusted rainfall products for each primary site will also be summarized. The standardized monthly rainfall products are developed in discrete, modular steps with distinct intermediate products. A summary of recently reprocessed official GV rainfall products available for TRMM science users will be presented. Updated basic standardized product results involving monthly accumulation, Z-R relationship, and gauge statistics for each primary GV site will also be displayed.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: First European Conference on Radar Meteorology (ERAD); Sep 04, 2000 - Sep 08, 2000; Bologna,; Italy
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    65 Years of Reprocessed GLDAS Version 2.0 Data and Their Exploration Using the NASA GES DISC Giovanni (2015)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: GLDAS-2.0 data have been reprocessed with updated Princeton meteorological forcing data within the Land Information System (LIS) Version 7, and temporal coverage have been extended to 1948-2012.Global Land Data Assimilation System Version 2 (GLDAS-2) has two components: GLDAS-2.0: entirely forced with the Princeton meteorological forcing data GLDAS-2.1: forced with atmospheric analysis and observation-based data after 2001In order to create more climatologically consistent data sets, NASA GSFC's Hydrological Sciences Laboratory (HSL) has recently reprocessed the GLDAS-2.0, by using updated Princeton meteorological forcing data within the LIS Version 7.GLDAS-2.0 data and data services are provided at NASA GES DISC Hydrology Data and Information Services Center (HDISC), in collaboration with HSL.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology; Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN28733 , AGU Fall Meeting; Dec 14, 2015 - Dec 18, 2015; San Francisco, CA; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    Rainfall Product Evaluation for the TRMM Ground Validation Program (2000)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Evaluation of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite observations is conducted through a comprehensive Ground Validation (GV) Program. Standardized instantaneous and monthly rainfall products are routinely generated using quality-controlled ground based radar data from four primary GV sites. As part of the TRMM GV program, effort is being made to evaluate these GV products and to determine the uncertainties of the rainfall estimates. The evaluation effort is based on comparison to rain gauge data. The variance between the gauge measurement and the true averaged rain amount within the radar pixel is a limiting factor in the evaluation process. While monthly estimates are relatively simple to evaluate, the evaluation of the instantaneous products are much more of a challenge. Scattegrams of point comparisons between radar and rain gauges are extremely noisy for several reasons (e.g. sample volume discrepancies, timing and navigation mismatches, variability of Z(sub e)-R relationships), and therefore useless for evaluating the estimates. Several alternative methods, such as the analysis of the distribution of rain volume by rain rate as derived from gauge intensities and from reflectivities above the gauge network will be presented. Alternative procedures to increase the accuracy of the estimates and to reduce their uncertainties also will be discussed.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: AGU 2000 Fall Meeting; Dec 15, 2000 - Dec 19, 2000; San Francisco, CA; United States
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    Validation for the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission: Lessons Learned and Future Plans (2005)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) was launched in November 1997 and is a highly regarded and successful mission. A major component of the TRMM program was its Ground Validation (GV) program. Through dedicated research and hard work by many groups, both the GV and satellite-retrieved rain estimates have shown a convergence at key GV sites, lending credibility to the global TRMM estimates. To be sure, there are some regional differences between the various satellite estimates themselves, which still need to be addressed; however, it can be said with some certainty that TRMM has provided a high-quality, long-term climatological data set for researchers that provides errors on the order of 10-20%, rather than pre-TRMM era error estimates on the order of 50-100%. The TRMM GV program's main operational task is to provide rainfall products for four sites: Darwin, Australia (DARW); Houston, Texas (HSTN); Kwajalein, Republic of the Marshall Islands (KWAJ); and, Melbourne, Florida (MELB). A comparison between TRMM Ground Validation (Version 5) and Satellite (Version 6) rain intensity estimates is presented. The gridded satellite product (3668) will be compared to GV Level II rain-intensity and -type maps (2A53 and 2A54, respectively). The 3G68 product represents a 0.5 deg x 0.5 deg data grid providing estimates of rain intensities from the TRMM Precipitation Radar (PR), Microwave Imager (TMI) and Combined (COM) algorithms. The comparisons will be sub-setted according to geographical type (land, coast and ocean). The convergence of the GV and satellite estimates bodes well for expectations for the proposed Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) program and this study and others are being leveraged towards planning GV goals for GPM. A discussion of lessons learned and future plans for TRMM GV in planning for GPM will also be provided.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: Joint Assembly 2005; May 23, 2005 - May 27, 2005; New Orleans, LA; United States
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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