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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monomer-isomerization radical polymerization of di-tert-butyl maleate to high-molecular weight poly(di-tert-butyl fumarate) (1985)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 18 (1985), S. 1795-1796 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00151a028
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of high molecular weight poly(dialkyl fumarate)s bearing n-alkyl side chains from poly(di-tert-butyl fumarate) via olefin elimination and reesterification in a one-pot (1991)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 26 (1991), S. 159-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary High molecular weight poly(dialkyl fumarate)s bearing n-alkyl esters such as an octadecyl group were prepared efficiently from poly(di-tert-butyl fumarate) by the one-pot synthesis, i.e. both elimination of isobutene from the tert-butyl ester and the subsequent esterification were performed in a corresponding alcohol at 170–180°C in a one-pot without isolating poly(fumaric acid). The resulting polymers were characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopies and GPC. The polymers with various contents of an octadecyl group in the side chain were also obtained similarly from the copolymer of di-tert-butyl fumarate with diisopropyl fumarate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00297520
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radical high polymerization of di-tert-butyl fumarate and novel synthesis of high molecular weight poly(fumaric acid) from its polymer (1984)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 12 (1984), S. 449-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Di-tert-butyl fumarate (DtBF) was found to homopolymerize easily with 1,1′-azobisisobutyronitrile and benzoyl peroxide as radical initiators at 50~80°C to give a nonflexible rod-like polymer, poly(tert-butoxycarbonylmethylene) with number-average molecular weight of more than 100,000. The colorless powderlike polymer thus obtained was soluble in benzene, toluene, carbon tetrachloride and tetrahydrofuran, and gave a transparent film or fiber from its toluene solution. This polymer did not melt, but it underwent degradation with a quantitative elimination of isobutene at 180~190°C. The remaining polymer was confirmed to be a pure poly(fumaric acid), poly(hydroxycarbonylmethylene). Therefore, the degradation of poly(DtBF) in solution at 180~190°C was found to be a new route for synthesizing of a high molecular weight poly(fumaric acid).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255433
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and properties of macromonomers carrying phosphatidylcholine analogous and azobenzene moieties (1989)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 190 (1989), S. 2381-2390 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Macromonomers 6a, b, carrying phosphatidylcholine analogous and azobenzene moieties as a photoresponsive pigment, were prepared from the reaction of 2-oxo-1,3,2λ5-dioxaphospholane derivatives 2 and poly[2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate] macromonomer 5. 6b shows a nematic phase. The mesogenic group is connected with the chromophore via a flexible spacer group. Phase transition temperatures were determined by measurement of the rapid change in conductivity of the solutions of the amphiphiles with the temperature. From the result of photoreversible cis-trans isomerization it can be concluded that 6b can possibly be used as a photoresponsive material of a membrane.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1989.021901004
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and properties of polymerizable ferroelectric liquid-crystalline acrylate and methacrylate derivatives (1989)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 190 (1989), S. 2235-2243 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: (+)-2-Methylbutyl 4-[4-(11-acryloyloxyundecyloxy)benzylideneamino]cinnamate (3a) and (+)-2-methylbutyl 4-[4-(11-methacryloyloxyundecyloxy)benzylideneamino]cinnamate (3b) were synthesized. 3a possesses a chiral smectic C (S*c) phase. From electro-optical measurements of 3a, the rise time of the surface director (τsr) and the rise time of the bulk director (τbr) are found to be 0,32 ms and 110 ms, respectively.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1989.021900924
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adsorption of protein on the surface of thermosensitive poly(methyl methacrylate) microspheres modified with the N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide and 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl phosphorylcholine moieties (1997)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 35 (1997), S. 3349-3357 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide ; methyl methacrylate ; 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl phosphorylcholine ; emulsion polymerization ; thermosensitive polymer microspheres ; hydrogel ; protein adsorption ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A series of microspheres composed of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA), and/or 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC), i.e., binary copolymer microspheres [poly(HPMA-co-MMA)KPS and poly(HPMA-co-MMA)ABIP] and ternary ones [poly(HPMA/MPC-co-MMA)KPS and poly(HPMA/MPC-co-MMA)ABIP], were prepared by emulsifier-free emulsion copolymerization using potassium peroxodisulfate (KPS) or 2,2′-azobis[2-(imidazolin-2-yl)propane] dihydrochloride (ABIP) as initiators. The decrease in ζ-potential of the polymer microspheres is caused by the addition of the HPMA and/or MPC moieties. Equilibrium water content of poly(HPMA-co-MMA)ABIP showed a remarkable swelling change with a change in response to temperature: the hydrated conformation at 28°C and the dehydrated one at above 40°C. The adsorption of protein on the polymer microspheres also changed in response to change in temperature. The ternary polymer microspheres effectively suppressed the adsorption both of Alb and Glo, less than binary ones. A series of polymer microspheres are expected to apply as a novel drug carrier with both thermosensitive and nonthrombogenic functions. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 3349-3357, 1997
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Liquid-crystalline polymers prepared by polyaddition of dithiols to mesogenic bisacrylates or bismethacrylates (1990)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 28 (1990), S. 1983-1988 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1990.080280728
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of the substituents on radical copolymerization of dialkyl fumarates with some vinyl monomers (1992)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 30 (1992), S. 1559-1565 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: radical copolymerization ; dialkyl fumarate ; substituent effect ; monomer reactivity ratio ; steric effect ; polar effect ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Radical copolymerization of dialkyl fumarates (DRF) with various vinyl monomers was carried out in benzene at 60°C. The monomer reactivity ratios, r1 and r2, were determined from the comonomer-copolymer composition curves. The relative reactivity of DRFs with various ester substituents toward a polystyryl radical was revealed to depend on both steric and polar effects of the ester groups. It has also been clarified that α-substituents of the polymer radical have a significant role in addition of DRF, from the comparison of the monomer reactivity ratios determined in copolymerizations with monosubstituted and 1,1-disubstituted ethylenes. The absolute cross-propagation rate constants were also evaluated and discussed. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1992.080300807
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monomer-isomerization radical polymerization of di-tert-butyl maleate and preparation of poly(fumaric acid) via pyrolysis (1993)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 31 (1993), S. 885-890 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: radical polymerization ; monomer-isomerization polymerization ; dialkyl maleate ; substituted polymethylene ; poly(fumaric acid) ; pyrolysis ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Di-tert-butyl maleate (DtBM) did not polymerize with 2,2′-azobis(isobutyronitrile) as a radical initiator, but DtBM easily homopolymerized via a monomer-isomerization radical polymerization mechanism to give a high molecular weight polymer when morpholine was added into the polymerization system as an isomerization catalyst. The feature of the monomer-isomerization polymerization of DtBM was investigated in detail. The polymer obtained was confirmed to consist of a poly(tert-butoxycarbonylmethylene) structure similar to that from di-tert-butyl fumarate. Subsequent pyrolysis of the resulting polymer at 180°C is a useful route to synthesis of a high molecular weight poly(fumaric acid). © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1993.080310406
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radical polymerization and copolymerization reactivities of fumarates bearing different alkyl ester groups (1993)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 31 (1993), S. 2523-2529 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: dialkyl fumarate ; radical polymerization ; radical copolymerization ; steric effect ; monomer reactivity ratio ; electron spin resonance ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Radical polymerization of fumarates bearing different alkyl ester groups (DRF) on the same molecules was investigated. In bulk polymerization of DRF at 60°C initiated with 2,2′-azobis(isobutyronitrile), it was confirmed that the polymerization reactivity depended on the structures of both alkyl ester groups. The introduction of bulky alkyl groups increased the polymerization rate and molecular weight of the polymer because of retardation of bimolecular termination rates. The effect of the ester substituents on the termination was examined by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. The copolymerization reactivities of DRF with styrene were also investigated. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1993.080311013
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