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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2006-07-24
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2015-08-26
    Description: An unbiased phosphoproteomic method was used to identify biomaterial-associated changes in the phosphorylation patterns of macrophage-like cells. The phosphorylation differences between differentiated THP1 (dTHP1) cells treated for 10, 20, or 30 min with a vascular regenerative methacrylic acid (MAA) copolymer or a control methyl methacrylate (MM) copolymer were determined by...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1975-05-01
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 255 (1975), S. 394-396 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] To hydroxylate SBS block copolymers in the bulk state, films of the copolymer (Shell experimental block copolymer TR-41-2443; Mn - 118,000; 27.7 weight % polystyrene) of various thickness were suspended in a reaction bath containing peracetic acid, sulphuric acid and varying amounts of acetic acid ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 5 (1994), S. 622-627 
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The interaction between blood and an artificial surface results in the activation of complement and can lead to extensive inflammatory reactions. In vitro work was undertaken to validate a system of assays to evaluate the complement activation of a candidate biomaterial by comparing its capacity of activation with that of reference biomaterials. The biomaterials tested were cellulose acetate, cellulose dialysis tubing, low density polyethylene, polydimethylsiloxane and AN69. Complement activation was assessed using ELISA for iC3b, C3a and Factor Bb. Results showed that (1) iC3b measurements may underestimate complement activation, (2) the presence of Bb in plasma or serum was a reliable indicator of complement activation, (3) measurements of C3a are of interest but are difficult, (4) adsorption or/and binding of complement proteins occured on the surface. Evaluation of complement activation for a biomaterial should include the assessment of the fluid phase (in serum or plasma) as well as the bound phase (on the surface of the biomaterial) of complement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 61 (1996), S. 351-358 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The amine functionalization of an acrylamide copolymer was achieved via Hofmann degradation. The starting material, poly(acrylamide-co-methyl methacrylate), was synthesized by radical precipitation polymerization. Using this copolymer, Hofmann degradation at 0°C in a water-dioxane mixture was done using sodium hypochlorite and NaOH. The resulting hydrogel could be dissolved in water-tetrahydrofuran mixtures, and the cast film had a water content of 73%. It was found that the conversion to primary amine was lower, and the extent of a side reaction was higher, compared to those of an acrylamide homopolymer. This was presumed to be due to the lack of the neighboring group effect among acrylamide units since it was a random copolymer. Further modification of this polymer by reacting the amine group is considered to obtain the desired properties for biomedical applications. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 36 (1988), S. 1541-1553 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The equilibrium water content (EWC) of thermoplastic 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate homopolymers from technical grade monomer and of copolymers of the latter with methyl methacrylate has been measured in distilled water and in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). In distilled water, as expected, EWCs increased monotonically with the proportion of hydrophilic monomer in the polymer and showed only a small dependence on molecular weight. In contrast, the degree of swelling (and in some cases dissolution) and “freezable” water content of polymers in PBS were shown to be anomalously high and to be a consequence of ionization at pH 7.4 of methacrylic acid incorporated into the polymer in small quantity (〈 1 mol %) as an impurity. Initial studies indicated a strong relationship between copolymer molecular weight and small molecule permeability in distilled water.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 36 (1990), S. 653-664 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Measurement of the rate of glucose diffusion from EUDGRAGIT RL and HEMA-MMA microcapsules coupled with a Thiele modulus/Biot number analysis of the glucose utilization rate suggests that pancreatic islets and CHO (Chinese hamster ovary) cells (at moderate to high cell densities) should not be adversely affected by the diffusion restrictions associated with these capsule membranes. The mass transfer coefficients for glucose at 20 °C were of the same order of magnitude for both capsules, based on release measurements: ∼5 × 10-6 cm/s for EUDRAGIT RL and ∼2 × 10-6 for HEMA-MMA. Inulin release from EUDRAGIT RL was slower than for glucose (mass transfer coefficient 14 ± 4 × 10-8 cm/s). The Thiele moduli were much less than 1, either for a single islet at the center of a capsule or CHO cells uniformly distributed throughout a capsule at 10-6 cells/ mL, so that diffusion restrictions within the cells in EUDRAGIT RL or 800 μm HEMA-MMA capsules should be negligible. The ratio of external to internal diffusion resistance (Biot number) was less than 1, so that at most, only a small diffusion effect on glucose utilization should be expected (i.e., the overall effectiveness factors were greater than 0.8). These calculations were consistent with experimental observation of encapsulated islet behavior but not fully with CHO cell behavior. Permeability restricted cell viability and growth is potentially a major limitation of encapsulated cells; further analysis is warranted.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 32 (1986), S. 4313-4321 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The concentration profiles of carbon tetrachloride in low-density polyethylene pellets after various periods of absorption (1-6 h) at 40°C have been measured in a new application of electron probe microanalysis using energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDAX). The concentration profiles were determined from an EDAX scan of chlorine content along the diameter of a cylindrical pellet (4-mm diameter) mounted in a scanning electron microscope. The maximum chlorine content seen in the EDAX scan was presumed to reflect the equilibrium surface concentration, eliminating the need to calibrate the system and enabling direct interpretation of the EDAX scan as a concentration profile. The concentration profiles revealed that absorption of CCl4 in LDPE pellets took place with a sharp moving boundary, with the depth of penetration proportional to (time)½ rather than to time as in case II diffusion. This behavior was attributed to a discontinuous relationship between diffusivity and concentration, resulting in a sharper than expected fickian diffusion profile. The EDAX technique, although requiring further refinement, appears to be a valuable method for assessing slow diffusion in thick polymer samples for those penetrants detectable by EDAX.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 31 (1986), S. 1721-1733 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Concentration profiles of carbon tetrachloride in low-density polyethylene pellets were analyzed mathematically to estimate the concentration dependence of the diffusivity. Profiles were measured by electron microprobe analysis and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) and found to be sharper than expected. However, the diffusion front position was proportional to \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \sqrt t $\end{document} rather than t as might have been expected if case II diffusion applied. The mathematical model assumed a constant diffusivity behind the diffusion front and zero diffusivity in advance of the front. The resulting moving boundary problem was solved by integral methods, yielding concentration profiles consistent with the essential features of the experimental profiles. The difference in shape between experimental and calculated profiles was attributed to the concentration dependence of the diffusivity, which was estimated by a curve-fitting procedure. The resulting integral average diffusivity was 1.28 × 10-6cm2/s, four times that estimated assuming standard fickian absorption from the mass uptake curves. This difference was attributed to the inapplicability of the standard relationships to this system in which a discontinuous diffusivity concentration relationship was presumed to apply.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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