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  • 1
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    Combination of the W boson polarization measurements in top quark decays using ATLAS and CMS data at $$ sqrt{s} $$ = 8 TeV (2020)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-08-01
    Description: The combination of measurements of the W boson polarization in top quark decays performed by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations is presented. The measurements are based on proton-proton collision data produced at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV, and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 20 fb−1 for each experiment. The measurements used events containing one lepton and having different jet multiplicities in the final state. The results are quoted as fractions of W bosons with longitudinal (F0), left-handed (FL), or right-handed (FR) polarizations. The resulting combined measurements of the polarization fractions are F0 = 0.693 ± 0.014 and FL = 0.315 ± 0.011. The fraction FR is calculated from the unitarity constraint to be FR = −0.008 ± 0.007. These results are in agreement with the standard model predictions at next-to-next-to-leading order in perturbative quantum chromodynamics and represent an improvement in precision of 25 (29)% for F0 (FL) with respect to the most precise single measurement. A limit on anomalous right-handed vector (VR), and left- and right-handed tensor (gL, gR) tWb couplings is set while fixing all others to their standard model values. The allowed regions are [−0.11, 0.16] for VR, [−0.08, 0.05] for gL, and [−0.04, 0.02] for gR, at 95% confidence level. Limits on the corresponding Wilson coefficients are also derived.
    Print ISSN: 1126-6708
    Electronic ISSN: 1029-8479
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Springer
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlation of surface topography and flux pinning in superconducting YBaCuO films (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 71 (1992), S. 5099-5102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The surface topography of YBa2Cu3O7 thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition is studied by atomic force microscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy. The possible contributions from observed structural features to the critical current density Jc are discussed. It is shown that the contribution of the screw dislocations associated with some structures can be either repulsive or attractive, depending on the dominant pinning mechanism. At low magnetic fields (to about 0.25 kOe) these dislocations can account for the observed critical current density values (Jc(approximately-greater-than)1011 A/m2) while for larger fields the higher-density steplike growth structures can account for significant values of Jc. It is shown that the pinning strength associated with pinning at steps varies inversely with thickness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.350612
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two-dimensional exchange nuclear magnetic resonance of powder samples. IV. Distribution of correlation times and line shapes in the intermediate dynamic range (1992)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 97 (1992), S. 7944-7954 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The two-dimensional (2D) exchange nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiment is applied to study ultraslow as well as faster chain motions in amorphous polymers in the glass transition range. Acquisition of the time domain data with a four-pulse sequence leads to new characteristics in the corresponding 2H 2D line shapes if the correlation times of the motion are in the intermediate dynamic range. From the asymmetric 2D line shapes, the width of the correlation time distribution can be determined with higher accuracy than through conventional 1D NMR methods. Experimental data are presented on two amorphous polymers—atactic polypropylene and cis-1,4-polyisoprene—and are analyzed in terms of isotropic rotational diffusion. Deviations from this simple model due to the presence of conformational transitions within the polymer backbone are detected. Close to Tg, the mean correlation times extracted from 2D exchange NMR exhibit strongly nonArrhenius behavior usually described by the Williams–Landel–Ferry (WLF) equation. In addition, the width of the correlation time distribution is found to decrease with increasing temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.463469
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two-dimensional exchange nuclear magnetic resonance of powder samples. III. Transition to motional averaging and application to the glass transition (1990)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 93 (1990), S. 197-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The two-dimensional (2D) exchange nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiment is applied to study ultraslow as well as faster motions in powdered solids. The theoretical framework required for the simulation of 2D exchange of the faster motions, and for the evaluation of the experimental data, is developed. Calculations are presented for two standard models: two-site jump and isotropic rotational diffusion. For discrete jump motion, anisotropic spin-lattice relaxation during the mixing time is also considered. The resulting, simulated 2D line shapes show new characteristics in the intermediate dynamic range. Experimental data are presented for two-site exchange in the model compound polycrystalline dimethylsulphone. The technique is then applied to study the chain dynamics of linear polystyrene in the glass transition range. Close to Tg the correlation times extracted from 2D exchange NMR exhibit strong non-Arrhenius behavior. This data together with correlation times obtained at higher temperatures from conventional T1 data follows the WLF equation over 11 orders of magnitude, from 10−6 to 1000 s. It is shown that 2D exchange NMR and spin-lattice relaxation probe the α and the β process, respectively, of the chain dynamics in the glass transition region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.459592
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of isotopic substitution on the critical behavior of aqueous solutions of n-dodecylhexaoxyethylene glycol monoether (C12E6) (1989)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 90 (1989), S. 1909-1917 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The critical behavior of a nonionic surfactant, n-dodecylhexaoxyethylene glycol monoether (C12 E6) in D2O, is examined using static and dynamic light scattering and small angle neutron scattering (SANS). Modification of the short-range attractive interactions responsible for phase separation by substitution of D2O for H2O has no effect on the measured universal critical exponents describing the divergence of the correlation length (ν=0.6±0.05) and the isothermal compressibility (γ=1.2±0.1) although such substitution results in a reduction of both the nonuniversal amplitudes and critical temperatures. The measured exponents are the same as those of binary molecular fluids. However, in contrast to binary fluids, significant deviations from the Ornstein–Zernike form are observed at intermediate length scales in SANS measurements near the critical point. Isotopic substitution also preserves the dynamic scaling of the Kawasaki form for the measured Rayleigh linewidth, as found previously for H2 O (Ref. 1). However, this scaling is restricted to a more limited range of distance from the critical point than the static scaling. A maximum in compressibility at the critical isochore is reflected in the concentration dependence of both the compressibility and diffusion coefficient even large distances (∼25 °C) from the coexistence curve. Estimates of micelle size, shape, and polydispersity are obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.456032
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance with sample flip for characterizing orientation distributions, and its analogy to x-ray scattering (1992)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 97 (1992), S. 2247-2262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A two-dimensional (2D) exchange NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) experiment with sample flip during the mixing time (direction exchange with correlation for orientation-distribution evaluation and reconstruction, DECODER) is presented, which allows investigation of molecular order in great detail. For anisotropic NMR interactions with axial symmetry (η=0), the features of the orientation distribution of certain molecular axes are reflected directly in the distribution of the intensity in the 2D spectrum. The orientation distribution in terms of two angles can be largely reconstructed by a simple rearrangement of the spectral intensity. Analogies between this NMR experiment and wide-angle x-ray scattering (WAXS) techniques for pole figure analysis are identified. Practical aspects of the DECODER method are considered in detail, e.g., sample orientations that are particularly suited for elucidating biaxiality with high resolution, or that are convenient in terms of sample preparation. Even with spectral overlap and for η≠0, the degree of order can be read immediately from the spectrum. Simulations and experimental 2H NMR spectra for deuterated polyethylene serve to exemplify the method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.463116
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CONCEPTUAL CONSIDERATIONS ON SATELLITE SYSTEMS (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 36 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In this paper, some considerations are presented on possible concepts of satellite accounts. These accounts are special data systems on specific, socially important fields of study (e.g. environment, health, education) which could supplement the core system of national accounts and which are linked to the core by common classifications and transition tables for transactors and transactions. The special advantage of satellite systems are the possibilities of meeting new demands on data, of testing new concepts which are suitable for the described field and at the same time of leaving the extent and concepts of the core system unchanged.In the paper, the main emphasis is laid on the need to standardize the concepts of satellite accounts world-wide. This is necessary not only for comparing the results of analyses for different subject fields on a national level, but also in order to enable international comparisons of the data to be made for one field of study. Furthermore, a more detailed description of the concepts for the production part of the satellite system is given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1990.tb00278.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors affecting performance of NiO biased giant magnetoresistance structures : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 6234-6236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have made spin-valve structures of Permalloy/Cu/Co by sputtering or electron-beam deposition onto the antiferromagnetic oxide NiO. The oxides were made either by deposition of the metals and subsequent oxidation or by growing them in situ using reactive sputtering. The magnetic properties of the giant magnetoresistance structures were studied by magnetoresistance, vibrating sample magnetometry, and ferromagnetic resonance methods. The oxides were characterized by x-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy. We studied surface roughness and structure as functions of thickness and oxidation temperature and correlated the oxide properties with the magnetic performance. We found that the metal layer roughened during the postdeposition oxidation process and that the resulting oxide layers were very effective in pinning the direction of the magnetic moment of adjacent metal films. Coercive fields over 500 Oe were obtained for Co overlayers on NiO films but the exchange bias field was generally less than 100 Oe and was not strongly dependent on the roughness. The beneficial effects of this strong pinning were offset to some degree by higher switching fields required in spin-valve structures deposited over the Co. We also made reactively sputtered oxide antiferromagnetic films which had smoother surfaces than those made by postdeposition oxidation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362079
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nanoindentation of a supported Au cluster (1993)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 63 (1993), S. 1492-1494 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An atomic force microscope has been used in the attractive (noncontact) force mode to image individual nanometer-size Au clusters preformed in the gas phase and deposited on a variety of atomically flat substrates. Using this technique, it is possible to reliably image preformed clusters in their as-deposited positions. This capability allows nanoindentation studies to measure the mechanical properties of individual nanometer-size clusters supported on atomically flat substrates. We find that the elastic modulus of a 3.1-nm Au cluster is 56−19+33 GPa. This should be compared to a bulk value of 80 GPa for polycrystalline Au and 120 GPa for crystalline Au in the [111] direction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.109666
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modulated thermoreflectance imaging of hidden electric current distributions in thin-film layered structures (1992)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 61 (1992), S. 916-918 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Thermal imaging of hidden electric current distributions with a resolution of several ten micrometers is demonstrated. It is shown that the thermoreflectance technique is capable of monitoring current-induced temperature variations on as well as beneath the surface of thin layered structures. A temperature pattern was generated by Joule heating using an ac current in a 2.5 μm thick structured gold film that was evaporated on a glass substrate and covered by a TiOx layer. The current density distribution in the gold film is revealed by the measured photothermal pattern, provided that both laser beam diameter and thermal diffusion length are smaller than the desired lateral resolution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.107727
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