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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some Factors Governing Feeding Behavior of Homalozoon vermiculare (Ciliophora, Holotricha) (1971)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 18 (1971), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. Feeding activity of Homalozoon vermiculare on Paramecium and Blepharisma and on a number of non-living materials was compared in order to understand its feeding behavior and some of the factors governing it. During a given period it involves a series of feeding responses, each response being completed in 5 stages: (i) contact of prey or non-living particles with the oral rim of Homalozoon, (ii) ejection of toxin by Homalozoon, if the food is a living organism, (iii) paralysis of the prey, (iv) grasping, and (v) swallowing.The feeding activity of Homalozoon differs from one food to another and also on any one food at different times. These differences are governed by (i) the physiologic condition of Homalozoon and (ii) certain food characteristics. Its starvation, but not its developmental stage, markedly influences its feeding activity on any food. The food characteristics most important for feeding by Homalozoon are: (i) concentration of prey or non-living particles in the medium, insuring their adequate contact with the organism's mouth, (b) susceptibility of living organisms to paralysis by the toxin, (c) suitability of particle size for accommodation in the organism's mouth, and (d) suitability of the food material to stimulate the grasping and swallowing responses. Homalozoon much prefers Paramecium to Blepharisma on account of (i) a greater susceptibility of Paramecium to paralysis by the toxin, and (ii) certain differences in the chemical characteristics of the certain proteins, particularly albumins, hemoglobin, etc., of the 2 organisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1971.tb03287.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resistance in certain maize cultivars to first and third-instar Chilo partellus larvae (1992)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 65 (1992), S. 75-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Pyralidae ; Lepidoptera ; Zea mays L. ; Chilo partellus ; susceptibility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The resistance/susceptibility levels of ten maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars to neonates and 3rd-instar larvae of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) were measured in the field and screenhouse experiments. The maize cultivars tested were: Inbred A, Mp 704, V-37, Population 10, Hybrid 511, Katumani Composite B, ER-29 SVR, Poza Rica 7832, ICZ2-CM, and MMV 400. Most cultivars were found susceptible to 3rd-instar larvae based on the incidence of dead heart symptoms, foliar feeding and stem tunnelling caused by stem borers in both the field and screenhouse experiments. However, the maize cultivars V-37, MMV 400 and Poza Rica 7832 sustained significantly lesser damage than the other cultivars when infested with neonates or 3rd instar larvae. The screenhouse experiments conducted with five maize cultivars, i.e. Inbred A, Mp 704, V-37, ER-29 SVR, and Poza Rica 7832 showed that neonates fed less on the resistant than the susceptible maize cultivars but feeding by the 3rd instars was equally high on all the maize cultivars except Mp 704 on which the larvae fed less than the others. In the cultivars infested with neonates, the mean period for 50% moth emergence P50 was longest on Mp 704 followed by Poza Rica 7832, ER-29 SVR, V-37 and Inbred A. In the cultivars infested with 3rd-instars, P50 was longest for Poza Rica 7832 followed equally by the remaining cultivars. On the basis of the evidence presented we here conclude that neonates of C. partellus are sensitive to the growth inhibiting effects of the resistant maize cultivars Mp 704, V-37, and Poza Rica 7832 but the older larvae are insensitive to these effects of Mp 704 and V-37 but not of Poza Rica 7832.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00189719
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduction of insect pest attack on sorghum and cowpea by intercropping (1994)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 70 (1994), S. 179-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Chilo partellus ; cowpea yield ; intercropping ; Megalurothrips sjostedti ; sorghum yield
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two experiments to establish the relationship between insect suppression by intercropping and grain yield in sorghum and cowpea were conducted under field conditions. Treatments consisted of monocrops and intercrops of sorghum and cowpea and an additional pair of monocultures and mixtures protected by insecticides. Intercropping reduced the numbers of stem borer,Chilo partellus in sorghum and thrips,Megalurothrips sjostedti in cowpea. In the monocropped, unprotected sorghum, yield was reduced by 28% compared to the protected monocrop, while reduction in the unprotected intercropped sorghum was 15% compared to the protected intercrop. Similarly, in the unprotected cowpea, monocrop yield was reduced by 94% and intercrop yield was reduced by 51%. Thus, there are yield advantages under conditions where intercropping reduces insect pest density. Intercropping can form a component of an integrated pest management programme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02380525
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ovipositional responses of the contton spotted bollworm, Earias fabia (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in relation to its establishment on various plants (1970)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 13 (1970), S. 10-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Eignung verschiedener Pflanzen zur Eiablage für Earias fabia Stoll und die dabei mitwirkenden Faktoren werden untersucht. Wenn die Pflanzenteile jeweils für sich allein dargeboten wurden, riefen die Früchte von Abelmoschus esculentus, die Blätter von Gossypium hirsutum, Althaea rosea, Urena lobata und Solanum melongena und die Blütenstände von Brassica oleracea botrytis stärkere Reaktionen hervor als die Blätter von Zea mays, B. oleracea botrytis, Citrullus vulgaris fistulosus und Pisum sativum und die Früchte von C. vulgaris fistulosus, S. melongena und P. sativum. Wenn sie jedoch dem Insekt jeweils zusammen mit einem Standard (A. esculentus-Früchten) zur Verfügung standen, ergaben die relativen Reaktionen eine davon verschiedene Reihenfolge. Die Faktoren, welche die Eiablage beeinflussen, sind gewisse physikalische und die chemischen Eigenschaften der Pflanzen. Die Rolle der Feuchtigkeit und der Behaarung des Substrates kommt in der Bevorzugung einer feuchten, dicht behaarten Oberfläche mit Maschen zum Ausdruck. Gewisse chemische Bestandteile der Früchte von A. esculentus und G. hirsutum sowie des Blattes der letzteren rufen Eiablageverhalten hervor, während diejenigen der Früchte von P. sativum und S. melongena und die Blätter von C. vulgaris fistulosus sie verhindern und die Bestandteile der Blätter von Z. mays, B. oleracea botrytis und S. melongena in dieser Hinsicht wirkungslos sind. Ätherische Öle, Steroide und Terpenoide in den Früchten von A. esculentus und den Blättern von G. hirsutum wirken als Eiablage-Auslöser. Das Zusammenwirken dieser Faktoren bestimmt die Eignung oder Nicht-Eignung der Pflanzen für die Eiablage durch diesen Schmetterling.
    Notes: Abstract Differences in ovipositional responses of Earias fabia to plants and their parts are determined by their physical and chemical characters. The moisture and the intercrossing hairs forming a meshwork on the surface of a plant and its chemical constituents determine its suitability for oviposition. Essential olls, steroids and terpenoids in Abelmoschus esculentus fruit and Gossypium hirsutum leaf excite oviposition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304159
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Feeding habits and physiology of digestion of certain leafhoppers homoptera: Jassidae (1954)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 383-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die ZikadenEmpoasca kerri undE. devastans saugen in erster Linie den Saft des Mesophyllgewebes, währendTettigella spectra undParabolocratus porrectus sich hauptsächlich vom Phloemgewebe ernähren. Bei den mesophyllfressenden Formen sind folgende Fermente vorhanden: Amylase, Maltase, Invertase, alkalische Proteinase, Polypeptidasen, Chlorophyllase und allein beiE. kerri Lipase. Die Phloemfresser besitzen nur Maltase, Invertase und Polypeptidase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02160553
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Feeding response of adultTribolium to carbohydrates in relation to their utilisation (1963)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 19 (1963), S. 23-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Fütterungsreaktionen beim erwachsenenTribolium castaneum (Herbst.) zeigen, dass keine der verschiedenen Kohlenhydrate das Fressen besonders anregt. Der Nährwert dieser Kohlenhydrate nimmt in folgender Reihenfolge ab: Stärke und Maltose; Glukose, Melibiose und Milchzucker; Rohrzucker, Fruchtzucker, Melezitose, Raffinose und Cellobiose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02135336
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interruption of acoustic communication and mating in a leafhopper and a planthopper by aerial sound vibrations picked up by plants (1980)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 36 (1980), S. 933-936 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Each sex of the cotton leafhopper and the rice brown planthopper communicates with the opposite sex by certain specific sound vibrations which travel through the plant surface and lead to mating. External sounds of certain frequencies, viz., 200 c/sec, generated by a harmonium or an audio-oscillator are picked up from the air by the plants and interrupt the acoustic communication as well as mating of the insects. Notes with harmonics are effective whereas pure notes are ineffective.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01953800
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Orientation ofPapilio demoleus larvae to coloured solutions (1978)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 34 (1978), S. 35-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present work compares the taxis ofPapilio demoleus larvae to different coloured solutions. The larval positive taxis, i.e., attraction, is maximum for yellow colour and declines with the increase or decrease in the wavelength of maximum light transmission. Red and bluish-green colours repel the larvae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01921885
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Patterns of relationship between certain leafhoppers and plants. I. Responses to plants (1974)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 17 (1974), S. 303-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les différences observées dans les conditions d'installation des Jassides Empoasca devastans et E. kerri motti sur différentes espèces de plantes sont déterminées par la résultante des réponses aux six principales phases des rapports de l'insecte avec la plante: (1) orientation, (2) alimentation, (3) utilisation métabolique de la nourriture absorbée, ce qui conditionne sa valeur nutritive, (4) croissance, (5) survie et fécondité, (6) conditions de ponte. Les deux espèces d'Empoasca montrent une même grande attraction et une réponse positive de la posture du proboscis, à chacune des six espèces de plantes testées, c'est-à-dire Gossypium hirsutum, G. herbaceum, G. arboreum, Solanum melongena, S. tuberosum et Ricinus communis. Pour E. devastans, la quantité de nourriture ingérée et sa valeur nutritive décroît selon les plantes dans l'ordre suivant: G. hirsutum, S. melongena, S. tuberosum, G. herbaceum, G. arboreum, et R. communis. La croissance, évaluée particulièrement d'après le pourcentage de larves provenant à l'état adulte décroît dans le même ordre, sauf que S. melongena est supérieur à G. hirsutum. Mais les valeurs relatives de ces mêmes plantes, en ce qui concerne la survie de l'adulte, décroît dans l'ordre: S. tuberosum, S. melongena, G. hirsutum, G. herbaceum, G. arboreum, et R. communis. Pour ce qui se rapporte au nombre d'œufs pondus et au comportement de ponte, le classement devient: S. melongena, G. hirsutum, S. tuberosum, G. herbaceum, G. arboreum, R. communis. L'ensemble des relations décrites ci-dessus feraient de S. melongena la plante la plus favorable à l'installation de E. devastans et les autres espèces se classeraient ensuite comme suit: G. hirsutum, S. tuberosum, G. herbaceum, et G. arboreum, tandis que R. communis est complètement défavorable. R. communis, par contre est la plante la plus favorable pour E. kerri motti, car les indices observés se rapportant à la quantité de nourriture ingérée et à sa valeur nutritive, aussi bien que ceux relatifs à la croissance, la survie, la fécondité et la ponte de cet insecte, sont les plus élevés. Vient en second lieu S. tuberosum, bien que sur cette plante l'insecte ne produit aucun oeuf et ne pond pas. Toutes les autres espèces végétales testées sont complètement défavorables et ne permettent pas l'installation de cet insecte.
    Notes: Abstract Differences in the establishment of the leafhoppers Empoasca devastans and E. kerri motti on different plants are determined by an interaction of the following chief types of their responses in six main stages: (1) Orientation, (2) Feeding, (3) Metabolic utilization of the ingested food determining its nutritive value, (4) Growth, (5) Survival and egg-production, (6) Oviposition. Both the leafhoppers showed equally high attraction and proboscis response to all the six test plants, namely, Gossypium hirsutum, G. herbaceum, G. arboreum, Solanum melongena, S. tuberosum, and Ricinus communis. The quantity and nutritive value of the food ingested by E. devastans decreased in the order: G. hirsutum, S. melongena, S. tuberosum, G. herbaceum, G. arboreum, and R. communis. The growth, particularly in respect of moulting/metamorphosis to adult, also decreased in the same order except that S. melongena was superior to G. hirsutum. But, the suitability of the plants for adult survival decreased in the order: S. tuberosum, S. melongena, G. hirsutum, G. herbaceum, G. arboreum, R. communis. The egg-production and ovipositional response decreased in the order: S. melongena, G. hirsutum, S. tuberosum, G. herbaceum, G. arboreum, R. communis. The interaction of the above responses would render S. melongena most suitable for the establishment of E. devastans and the suitability of the remaining plants would decrease in the order: G. hirsutum, S. tuberosum, G. herbaceum, and G. arboreum, while R. communis would be completely unsuitable. The quantity and nutritive value of the food ingested by E. kerri motti from R. communis as well as its growth, survival, egg-production and oviposition on this plant were the highest. Therefore, this plant would be most suitable for the insect's establishment. S. tuberosum and G. hirsutum were next to R. communis in respect of the quantity and nutritive value of the food ingested, growth and adult survival, but there was no egg-production nor oviposition. Therefore, these two plants would support the growth of the larvae and survival of the adults, if present, but not reproduction. The remaining plants were completely unsuitable for both egg-production and oviposition, and therefore would not support the insect's establishment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335887
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction of orientational and feeding preferences in Manduca sexta larvae for an artificial diet containing citral (1978)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 23 (1978), S. 72-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Dans une situation où elles peuvent choisir, des larves de Manduca sexta qui viennent d'éclore n'ont pas de préférence dans l'orientation pour un milieu artificiel qui contient ou non du citral et elles commencent leur prise de nourriture sur les deux substrats. Par contre, pendant leur dernière phase larvaire, les chenilles ont une réaction manifeste d'orientation et une préférence nutritive pour le genre de diète (à savoir: avec ou sans citral) qu'elles ont eue dans la période de leur développement. Ces résultats démontrent qu'un aromate simple peut avoir une certaine importance dans l'induction de préférences pour certains genres de nourriture.
    Notes: Abstract Newly hatched larvae of the tobacco hornworm do not show in a choice situation an orientational preference for an artificial diet, which either or not contains citral, and start feeding on both diets. Last-instar larvae, however, exhibit clear orientational responses and feeding preferences to the type of diet (i.e., with or without citral) on which they have been cultured. These results show that a single odorous compound may be involved in the induction of preferences for certain foods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00293760
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