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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidative polymerization of pyrrole in polymer matrix (1995)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 33 (1995), S. 1581-1587 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: matrix polymerization ; polypyrrole ; chemical synthesis ; interpolymer complex ; water soluble polypyrrole ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The oxidative matrix polymerization of pyrrole (Py) by Ce(IV) in the presence of Polyacrylic acid (PAA) has been studied to obtain water-soluble and insoluble products. The role of the PAA, Pyrrole, and Ce(IV) concentration, order of component addition, the structure of polymer matrix (PAA, Hydroxy Ethyl Cellulose (HES), Poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone (PVP)], and model unit of PAA (propionic acid), on the polymerization system were investigated.Interaction of PAA with insoluble polypyrrole (PPy) and the interpolymer complex formation were investigated along with the aggregation of PPy onto the matrix polymer followed by spectral shifts. FTIR results of insoluble products obtained from the PAA-Py-Ce(IV) system and solubility of the system is explained in light of the mechanism of the polymerization of pyrrole on the polymer matrix. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1995.080331004
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water-soluble polypyrroles by matrix polymerization: Interpolymer complexes (1997)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 35 (1997), S. 1255-1263 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: matrix polymerization ; copolymer ; water-soluble polypyrrole ; interpolymer complex ; polyanion ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new class of water-soluble polypyrroles (PPy) has been developed. This was accomplished by oxidative matrix polymerization of pyrrole (Py) monomer with Ce(IV) in the presence of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP), and copolymers (CP) of vinyl pyrrolidone(VP) with acrylic acid (AA) [VP/AA; 25/75 (CP1), 50/50 (CP2), 75/25 (CP3)]. The soluble and insoluble interpolymer complexes were observed according to the nature (and conformation) of polymers in mixture, the ratio of components, and the pH of solutions. The role of PAA, PVP, CP, Py, and Ce(IV) concentrations, the order of component addition, and the pH of the solutions were investigated. The evidence and structural reasons for the formation of soluble interpolymer complexes of PPy with different polymers are discussed. It is proposed that the compactization of the polymer matrix as well as the disturbance of the regularity of reactive groups on the polymer chain decreases the possibility of formation of soluble interpolymer complexes. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 1255-1263, 1997
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-aqueous potentiometry of nitrogen containing compounds in chlorobenzene and chlorobenzene-acetic anhydride mixture (1987)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 328 (1987), S. 663-664 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00488667
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerization of acrylamide by electrolytically generated Ce(IV)-organic acid redox systems (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 198 (1992), S. 191-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Acrylamid wurde in wäßiger Lösung mit den Initiatorsystemen Ce(1V)-Malonsäure bzw. Citronensäure unter Elektrolysebedingungen polymerisiert, was die elektrolytische Umwandlung von Ce(III) zu Ce(IV) während der Polymerisation ermöglicht. Graphit-, Silber-, Chrom-Nickel-, Blei-, Platin- und Edelstahl-Elektroden wurden verwendet. Der größte Polymerisationsumsatz wurde mit der Edelstahlelektrode erreicht.
    Notes: Ce(IV) salt-malonic acid or citric acid initiator systems were used for the polymerization of acrylamide in the presence of electrolysis. This allowed Ce(III) to be converted to Ce(IV) during polymerization. Graphite, silver, chromium/nickel, lead, platinum and stainless-steel electrodes were used. The highest polymerization yield was obtained with a stainless-steel electrode.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1992.051980116
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The free-radical polymerization of acrylamide initiated with ceric sulfate in the presence of amino acids (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 213 (1993), S. 55-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Acrylamid wurde mit Ce(IV)-Initiator in Gegenwart von Methionin, Phenylalanin, Serin bzw. Aspartamsäure in verdünnter Schwefelsäure polymerisiert. Bei 70°C und einer Schwefelsäurekonzentration von 0,16 mol/l wurde die größte Ausbeute erzielt. Carboxy-Endgruppen in den Polymeren wurden sowohl durch konduktometrische Titration als auch durch FT-IR-Spektroskopie nachgewiesen. Ein geeigneter Reaktionsmechanismus wird aufgrund dieser Resultate sowie vorangegangener Untersuchungen vorgeschlagen.
    Notes: Polymerization of acrylamide initiated with ceric (IV) ion in the presence of methionine, phenylalanine, serine and aspartic acid was investigated in sulfuric acid solution. Maximum yield was obtained at 70°C and sulfuric acid concentration of 0.16 mol/1. Both conductometric titration and FT-IR results showed that the resulting polymers contained carboxy end groups. According to these findings and previous studies in this field, a suitable polymerization mechanism was proposed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1993.052130107
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The polymerization of acrylamide initiated with CE(IV) and KMNO4 redox systems in the presence of glycine (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 60 (1996), S. 759-765 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Glycine-Ce(IV) salts and -KMnO4 initiator systems were used for the polymerization of acrylamide, resulting in water-soluble polyacrylamide, which contains amino acid end groups. The dependence of polymerization yields and molecular weights of polymers on the mole ratio of acrylamide monomer to glycine, the polymerization time, the temperature, and the concentration of sulfuric acid were investigated. The decrease in the mole ratio of acrylamide to glycine resulted in a decrese in the molecular weight, and an increase in the yield of acrylamide polymer, which contains a glycine end group. With increasing acid concentration of the polymeric solution, the polymerization yield and the molecular weight of polymer decrease. Ce(IV) and Mn(IV) reduced to Ce(III) and Mn(II) in the polymerization reaction. The amounts of Ce(III) and Mn(II) bound to polymer were determined. The composition of the polymerization product was investigated and a bimodal character of the molecular weight distribution was observed. The mechanism of this phenomena is discussed. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural definitions for soluble portions of polyacrylamides synthesized with Ce(IV)-chelating agent redox systems (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer International 40 (1996), S. 179-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-8103
    Keywords: redox polymerization ; polyaminocarboxylic acids ; polyacrylamide ; conductometric titrations ; infrared spectra ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polymerizations of acrylamide initiated by ceric ammonium nitrate and ceric sulphate in combination with nitrilotriacetic acid, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid and 1,2-cyclohexane dinitrilotetraacetic acid were studied in aqueous nitric acid and sulphuric acid solutions at 55°C in the presence of air.The experimental results can be explained by assuming that the complexes of Ce(III) with sulphate and nitrate ions, Ce(SO4)nx(+ or -) and Ce(NO3)nx(+ or -), have different reactivities in the reactions. FTIR and UV spectra of the polymers, together with conductometric and gravimetric measurements, clearly showed that in the case of sulphato-cerate complexes, there were complexes not only on the end-groups but also on amide groups within the chain. Furthermore, it was observed that the stabilities of the primary radical sources generated by the redox pairs used in this work depend on the anion type and concentration of the acid and oxidation agent.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyaminocarboxylic acids-Ce(IV) redox systems as an initiator in acrylamide polymerization (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 47 (1993), S. 1643-1648 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Acrylamide polymerization by Ce(IV)-polyaminocarboxylic acids, i.e., EDTA, DTPA, EGTA, and NTA, which have strong chelating properties, have been studied at different [H+], initiator concentration, and reaction time. Initiation of polymerization proceeds through the formation of the free radical after decarboxylation of the carboxyl group of polyaminocarboxylic acid. Results also indicate that the termination of the polymerization reaction is mainly mutual termination. Decrease of the rate of disappearance of the cerium(IV) is in the order of DTPA ≥ EDTA 〉 NTA 〉 EGTA. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070470911
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copolymer of ketonic resin-polyacrylonitrile (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 39 (1990), S. 1657-1663 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The polymerization of acrylonitrile in the presence of Ce(IV) salts and ketonic resin such as methyl ethyl ketone/formaldehyde and cyclohexanone/formaldehyde resin was investigated. Block copolymer of ketonic resin-polyacrylonitrile was produced. The effect of Ce(IV) concentration, temperature, time, and monomer concentration on the yield and molecular weight was studied. Maximum yield was obtained at 50°C and ceric ammonium nitrate concentration of 0.033 mol/L.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1990.070390804
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerization of acrylamide initiated with electrogenerated cerium (IV) in the presence of EDTA (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 44 (1992), S. 877-881 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polymerization of acrylamide was carried out with cerium (IV)-EDTA redox initiator system with and without electrolysis. The effect of temperature, time, cerium (IV), and EDTA concentrations on the polymerization yield and molecular weight were studied and compared with electrolytic conditions. At low concentrations of cerium (IV) the electrolytic method continuously supplying Ce (IV) from Ce (III) has an advantage over the nonelectrolytic method for which polymerization did not occur under these conditions. A possible polymerization mechanism is suggested.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070440515
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