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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Approximation of pole figures for the determination of crystal orientation in polymeric solids (1990)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 23 (1990), S. 88-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The approximation of experimentally measured angular intensity distributions of X-rays diffracted by oriented polycrystalline specimens is suggested as a method for the determination of orientation distribution characteristics for uniaxially oriented polymeric fibres. A non-linear optimization program based on a Hook–Jeeves algorithm is elaborated and incorporated into the method. As an example, the interpretation of the data from polyethylene specimens having various degrees of orientation is given. An important application of the method is the analysis of distributions (pole figures) using a superposition of two identical or similar functions with different parameters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889889012185
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical microscope studies on the role of relaxation of orientation in polymer crystallization (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 19 (2000), S. 847-849 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006725112454
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystallite orientation during melting of oriented ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (1999)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 277 (1999), S. 646-657 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Oriented polymers ; Melting ; Ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The changes in crystallite orientation during melting of oriented ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMW PE) were investigated by means of wide-angle X-ray scattering. The orientation distribution of crystallites in drawn UHMW PE is composed of two components differing in width. The narrow and broad components revealed in this study indicate the existence of two classes of crystallites with different orientability. Some of the crystallites are oriented almost perfectly even at low-draw ratios, while the others do not orient so effectively. The analysis of melting behaviour of such a texture composed of orthorhombic crystals indicates that highly oriented crystallites are formed by taut molecules and transform first to the hexagonal phase, while the molecules constituting low-oriented crystallites melt directly to the typical amorphous phase. The increase in orientation of highly oriented crystallites during their partial melting, observed in the samples kept at constant length and even those allowed to shrink under constant load, can be explained by the kinetic factor proposed by Ziabicki.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960050436
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystallization of polymers in variable external conditions. III: Experimental determination of kinetic characteristics (1998)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 276 (1998), S. 680-689 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Non-isothermal crystallization ; transient nucleation ; athermal nucleation ; relaxation time
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  In two recent papers [1, 2] a new model of non-isothermal crystallization kinetics has been proposed. We are discussing now the possibility of experimental determi-nation of material characteristics appearing in the model. These include relaxation time, τ, and athermal nucleation function, Bath. Two kinds of experiments are discussed: isothermal and non-isothermal, with constant cooling or heating rate. The following approach should be valid for polymers characterized by not too high crystallization rates, like polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT, Corterra®), polypropylene and others. Preliminary experiments on isotactic polypropylene and polyvinylidene fluoride will illustrate possibilities of the suggested experimental procedures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960050297
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Orientation distributions and melting behaviour of extended and folded-chain crystals in gel-drawn, Ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 28 (1993), S. 6409-6417 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies on the orientation distributions of the 110 and 100 planes in gel-drawn samples of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE reveal the complex character of the crystal-orientation distribution in the samples. The orientation distribution is composed of two contributions differing in width. The dependence of the contents of both components on the draw ratio, as well as their behaviour during melting of the sample, are studied. The character of the dependencies observed indicate that each component of the orientation distribution can be associated with a separate assembly of crystals occurring in the sample, both having the same orthorhombic crystal structure. The broad component corresponds to only slightly oriented folded-chain crystals, while the narrow component corresponds to almost perfectly oriented extended-chain crystals being composed of stretched macromolecules. The content of the folded-chain crystals decreases with an increase in the draw ratio, whereas the content of the extended-chain crystals increases. During melting, folded-chain crystals melt directly to an amorphous phase, while the extended-chain crystals undergo crystal-crystal transition forming a hexagonal phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01352205
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peroxide crosslinking of linear low-density polyethylenes with homogeneous distribution of short chain branching (1995)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 33 (1995), S. 853-862 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: peroxide crosslinking of LLDPE ; extraction and swelling measurements of crosslinked LLDPE ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Extraction and swelling experiments were carried out in order to measure the crosslinkability by dicumyl peroxide (DCP) of new homogeneous linear low-density polyethylenes (LLDPEs) with different molecular weight, branch content, and length of branches. Considering that the tertiary radicals are most probable macroradicals, our results indicate that tertiary carbons in LLDPEs could be either sites for scission reaction of effective coupling, depending upon degree of branching and to a lesser extent on degree of crosslinking. In the range of branching between 16 and n CH3/1000 C (n - 31 for low DCP concentration and decreases with DCP content approaching the value of 23 for the range above ca. 6 DCP moles per number average PE mole), the tertiary carbons seem to be rather the sites for effective coupling. In this range of branching an increase of crosslinkability with branch concentration and molecular weight of PE is due to the increase of crosslinking efficiency, but the scission probability is very low. At branch content exceeding the value of n CH3/1000 C, the dominant reaction on tertiary carbons is scission, leading to a small decrease of crosslinkability with increasing branch content. The possible mechanisms favoring tertiary carbons for either coupling or scission are discussed. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1995.080330512
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in sol fraction during peroxide crosslinking of linear low-density polyethylenes with homogeneous distribution of short chain branching (1995)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 33 (1995), S. 949-955 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: linear low-density polyethylene ; side reactions during peroxide crosslinking of LLDPE ; FTIR measurements of sol fractions ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: FTIR measurements of sol fractions were carried out in order to assess side reactions during dicumyl peroxide (DCP) crosslinking of linear low density polyethylenes (LLDPEs) with homogeneous distribution of short chain branching. The changes of methyl and olefinic unsaturation concentration were measured as a function of degree of branching and DCP content. The changes of methyl and vinylidene concentration indicate that the scission probability has greater significance for the samples with initial branch content above 31 CH3/1000 C and increases with increasing DCP concentration. The analysis of trans-vinylene concentration indicates that the probability of disproportionation also increases with increasing DCP content. The changes of methyl concentration in the sol fraction of the sample containing initially ca. 23 CH3/1000 C with increasing DCP content could be interpreted using the dependence of crosslinking efficiency on branch content found previously for some range of branch concentration. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1995.080330608
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  • 8
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    Orientation distributions and melting behaviour of extended and folded-chain crystals in gel-drawn, Ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (1993)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0022-2461
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-4803
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
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    Theoretical and experimental study of the stiffness of electrospun composites of poly(vinyl alcohol), cellulose nanofibers, and nanohydroxy apatite (2017)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-12-05
    Print ISSN: 0969-0239
    Electronic ISSN: 1572-882X
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
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    Crystallite orientation during melting of oriented ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (1999)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-07-05
    Print ISSN: 0372-820X
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-1536
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Springer
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