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  • 1
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    Defensin-like polypeptide LUREs are pollen tube attractants secreted from synergid cells (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-20
    Description: For more than 140 years, pollen tube guidance in flowering plants has been thought to be mediated by chemoattractants derived from target ovules. However, there has been no convincing evidence of any particular molecule being the true attractant that actually controls the navigation of pollen tubes towards ovules. Emerging data indicate that two synergid cells on the side of the egg cell emit a diffusible, species-specific signal to attract the pollen tube at the last step of pollen tube guidance. Here we report that secreted, cysteine-rich polypeptides (CRPs) in a subgroup of defensin-like proteins are attractants derived from the synergid cells. We isolated synergid cells of Torenia fournieri, a unique plant with a protruding embryo sac, to identify transcripts encoding secreted proteins as candidate molecules for the chemoattractant(s). We found two CRPs, abundantly and predominantly expressed in the synergid cell, which are secreted to the surface of the egg apparatus. Moreover, they showed activity in vitro to attract competent pollen tubes of their own species and were named as LUREs. Injection of morpholino antisense oligomers against the LUREs impaired pollen tube attraction, supporting the finding that LUREs are the attractants derived from the synergid cells of T. fournieri.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Okuda, Satohiro -- Tsutsui, Hiroki -- Shiina, Keiko -- Sprunck, Stefanie -- Takeuchi, Hidenori -- Yui, Ryoko -- Kasahara, Ryushiro D -- Hamamura, Yuki -- Mizukami, Akane -- Susaki, Daichi -- Kawano, Nao -- Sakakibara, Takashi -- Namiki, Shoko -- Itoh, Kie -- Otsuka, Kurataka -- Matsuzaki, Motomichi -- Nozaki, Hisayoshi -- Kuroiwa, Tsuneyoshi -- Nakano, Akihiko -- Kanaoka, Masahiro M -- Dresselhaus, Thomas -- Sasaki, Narie -- Higashiyama, Tetsuya -- England -- Nature. 2009 Mar 19;458(7236):357-61. doi: 10.1038/nature07882.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19295610" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Angiosperms/*cytology/drug effects/genetics/*growth & development ; Chemotactic Factors/chemistry/*metabolism/pharmacology/*secretion ; Defensins/chemistry/*metabolism/pharmacology/*secretion ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense/genetics ; Pollen Tube/drug effects/genetics/*growth & development ; RNA, Plant/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    Cytoplasmic ATP hydrolysis powers transport of lipopolysaccharide across the periplasm in E. coli (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-11-10
    Description: Millions of molecules of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) must be assembled on the Escherichia coli cell surface each time the cell divides. The biogenesis of LPS requires seven essential lipopolysaccharide transport (Lpt) proteins to move LPS from the inner membrane through the periplasm to the cell surface. However, no intermediate transport states have been observed. We developed methods to observe intermediate LPS molecules bound to Lpt proteins in the process of being transported in vivo. Movement of individual LPS molecules along these binding sites required multiple rounds of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis in vitro, which suggests that ATP is used to push a continuous stream of LPS through a transenvelope bridge in discrete steps against a concentration gradient.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3552488/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3552488/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Okuda, Suguru -- Freinkman, Elizaveta -- Kahne, Daniel -- AI081059/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- GM066174/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI081059/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM066174/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Nov 30;338(6111):1214-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1228984. Epub 2012 Nov 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23138981" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/chemistry/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/*metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Biological Transport ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Cytoplasm/*metabolism ; Escherichia coli/*metabolism ; Escherichia coli Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Hydrolysis ; Lipopolysaccharides/*metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Mutation ; Periplasm/*metabolism ; Protein Conformation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    A metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2012-10-02
    Description: Assessment and characterization of gut microbiota has become a major research area in human disease, including type 2 diabetes, the most prevalent endocrine disease worldwide. To carry out analysis on gut microbial content in patients with type 2 diabetes, we developed a protocol for a metagenome-wide association study (MGWAS) and undertook a two-stage MGWAS based on deep shotgun sequencing of the gut microbial DNA from 345 Chinese individuals. We identified and validated approximately 60,000 type-2-diabetes-associated markers and established the concept of a metagenomic linkage group, enabling taxonomic species-level analyses. MGWAS analysis showed that patients with type 2 diabetes were characterized by a moderate degree of gut microbial dysbiosis, a decrease in the abundance of some universal butyrate-producing bacteria and an increase in various opportunistic pathogens, as well as an enrichment of other microbial functions conferring sulphate reduction and oxidative stress resistance. An analysis of 23 additional individuals demonstrated that these gut microbial markers might be useful for classifying type 2 diabetes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Qin, Junjie -- Li, Yingrui -- Cai, Zhiming -- Li, Shenghui -- Zhu, Jianfeng -- Zhang, Fan -- Liang, Suisha -- Zhang, Wenwei -- Guan, Yuanlin -- Shen, Dongqian -- Peng, Yangqing -- Zhang, Dongya -- Jie, Zhuye -- Wu, Wenxian -- Qin, Youwen -- Xue, Wenbin -- Li, Junhua -- Han, Lingchuan -- Lu, Donghui -- Wu, Peixian -- Dai, Yali -- Sun, Xiaojuan -- Li, Zesong -- Tang, Aifa -- Zhong, Shilong -- Li, Xiaoping -- Chen, Weineng -- Xu, Ran -- Wang, Mingbang -- Feng, Qiang -- Gong, Meihua -- Yu, Jing -- Zhang, Yanyan -- Zhang, Ming -- Hansen, Torben -- Sanchez, Gaston -- Raes, Jeroen -- Falony, Gwen -- Okuda, Shujiro -- Almeida, Mathieu -- LeChatelier, Emmanuelle -- Renault, Pierre -- Pons, Nicolas -- Batto, Jean-Michel -- Zhang, Zhaoxi -- Chen, Hua -- Yang, Ruifu -- Zheng, Weimou -- Li, Songgang -- Yang, Huanming -- Wang, Jian -- Ehrlich, S Dusko -- Nielsen, Rasmus -- Pedersen, Oluf -- Kristiansen, Karsten -- Wang, Jun -- England -- Nature. 2012 Oct 4;490(7418):55-60. doi: 10.1038/nature11450. Epub 2012 Sep 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23023125" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Butyrates/metabolism ; China/ethnology ; Cohort Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type ; 2/classification/complications/*microbiology/physiopathology ; Feces/microbiology ; Genetic Linkage/genetics ; Genetic Markers ; Genome-Wide Association Study/*methods ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Humans ; Intestines/*microbiology ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways/genetics ; Metagenome/*genetics ; Metagenomics/*methods ; Opportunistic Infections/complications/microbiology ; Reference Standards ; Sulfates/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
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    Self-organizing optic-cup morphogenesis in three-dimensional culture (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2011-04-09
    Description: Balanced organogenesis requires the orchestration of multiple cellular interactions to create the collective cell behaviours that progressively shape developing tissues. It is currently unclear how individual, localized parts are able to coordinate with each other to develop a whole organ shape. Here we report the dynamic, autonomous formation of the optic cup (retinal primordium) structure from a three-dimensional culture of mouse embryonic stem cell aggregates. Embryonic-stem-cell-derived retinal epithelium spontaneously formed hemispherical epithelial vesicles that became patterned along their proximal-distal axis. Whereas the proximal portion differentiated into mechanically rigid pigment epithelium, the flexible distal portion progressively folded inward to form a shape reminiscent of the embryonic optic cup, exhibited interkinetic nuclear migration and generated stratified neural retinal tissue, as seen in vivo. We demonstrate that optic-cup morphogenesis in this simple cell culture depends on an intrinsic self-organizing program involving stepwise and domain-specific regulation of local epithelial properties.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eiraku, Mototsugu -- Takata, Nozomu -- Ishibashi, Hiroki -- Kawada, Masako -- Sakakura, Eriko -- Okuda, Satoru -- Sekiguchi, Kiyotoshi -- Adachi, Taiji -- Sasai, Yoshiki -- England -- Nature. 2011 Apr 7;472(7341):51-6. doi: 10.1038/nature09941.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Organogenesis and Neurogenesis Group, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe 650-0047, Japan. eiraku@cdb.riken.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21475194" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Culture Techniques/*methods ; Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology ; Mice ; *Morphogenesis ; Neural Plate/cytology/embryology ; Neural Stem Cells/cytology ; Organ Culture Techniques/*methods ; *Organogenesis ; Regenerative Medicine/methods ; Retina/*cytology/*embryology ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium/cytology/embryology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 5
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    Emx2 is a dose-dependent negative regulator of Sox2 telencephalic enhancers (2012)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-08-08
    Description: The transcription factor Sox2 is essential for neural stem cells (NSC) maintenance in the hippocampus and in vitro . The transcription factor Emx2 is also critical for hippocampal development and NSC self-renewal. Searching for ‘modifier’ genes affecting the Sox2 deficiency phenotype in mouse, we observed that loss of one Emx2 allele substantially increased the telencephalic β-geo (LacZ) expression of a transgene driven by the 5' or 3' Sox2 enhancer. Reciprocally, Emx2 overexpression in NSC cultures inhibited the activity of the same transgene. In vivo , loss of one Emx2 allele increased Sox2 levels in the medial telencephalic wall, including the hippocampal primordium. In hypomorphic Sox2 mutants, retaining a single ‘weak’ Sox2 allele, Emx2 deficiency substantially rescued hippocampal radial glia stem cells and neurogenesis, indicating that Emx2 functionally interacts with Sox2 at the stem cell level. Electrophoresis mobility shift assays and transfection indicated that Emx2 represses the activities of both Sox2 enhancers. Emx2 bound to overlapping Emx2/POU-binding sites, preventing binding of the POU transcriptional activator Brn2. Additionally, Emx2 directly interacted with Brn2 without binding to DNA. These data imply that Emx2 may perform part of its functions by negatively modulating Sox2 in specific brain areas, thus controlling important aspects of NSC function in development.
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 6
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    Interception of host angiogenic signalling limits mycobacterial growth (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-04
    Description: Pathogenic mycobacteria induce the formation of complex cellular aggregates called granulomas that are the hallmark of tuberculosis. Here we examine the development and consequences of vascularization of the tuberculous granuloma in the zebrafish-Mycobacterium marinum infection model, which is characterized by organized granulomas with necrotic cores that bear striking resemblance to those of human tuberculosis. Using intravital microscopy in the transparent larval zebrafish, we show that granuloma formation is intimately associated with angiogenesis. The initiation of angiogenesis in turn coincides with the generation of local hypoxia and transcriptional induction of the canonical pro-angiogenic molecule Vegfaa. Pharmacological inhibition of the Vegf pathway suppresses granuloma-associated angiogenesis, reduces infection burden and limits dissemination. Moreover, anti-angiogenic therapies synergize with the first-line anti-tubercular antibiotic rifampicin, as well as with the antibiotic metronidazole, which targets hypoxic bacterial populations. Our data indicate that mycobacteria induce granuloma-associated angiogenesis, which promotes mycobacterial growth and increases spread of infection to new tissue sites. We propose the use of anti-angiogenic agents, now being used in cancer regimens, as a host-targeting tuberculosis therapy, particularly in extensively drug-resistant disease for which current antibiotic regimens are largely ineffective.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4312197/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4312197/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Oehlers, Stefan H -- Cronan, Mark R -- Scott, Ninecia R -- Thomas, Monica I -- Okuda, Kazuhide S -- Walton, Eric M -- Beerman, Rebecca W -- Crosier, Philip S -- Tobin, David M -- 1DP2-OD008614/OD/NIH HHS/ -- 5P30 AI064518/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- DP2 OD008614/OD/NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007184/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jan 29;517(7536):612-5. doi: 10.1038/nature13967. Epub 2014 Nov 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA. ; Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25470057" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiogenesis Inhibitors/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Animals ; Anoxia/metabolism/microbiology/pathology ; Antibiotics, Antitubercular/pharmacology ; Bacterial Load/drug effects ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drug Synergism ; Granuloma/drug therapy/metabolism/microbiology/pathology ; Larva/drug effects/microbiology ; Macrophages/metabolism/microbiology/pathology ; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/drug ; therapy/metabolism/*microbiology/pathology ; Mycobacterium marinum/*drug effects/*growth & development/pathogenicity ; Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy/*microbiology ; Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Signal Transduction/*drug effects ; Tuberculosis/drug therapy/microbiology/pathology ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Zebrafish/growth & development/*microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Construction and beam experiment of a compact storage ring at MELCO : Proceedings of the 5th international conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 1968-1970 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A compact storage ring has been developed for industrial research such as x-ray lithography and material analysis. This machine is of a racetrack type with two superconducting bending magnets and only two normal conducting quadrupole magnets. The circumference is as short as 9.2 m. One quadrupole magnet per cell contributes to making the smaller machine. The injector is a synchrotron, and a full energy injection of 600 MeV is performed. The bending magnets excite a field of 3.5 T, and are operated in a persistent current mode. A decrease in a coil current is ΔI/I〈3×10−3/year. The helium consumption is as low as 2 l/h for two magnets. An iron shield of the magnet decreases a leakage flux to a terrestrial level at a point 3 m from the magnet. A beam current of 380 mA has been stored with no beam instability in spite of there being no correction of the chromaticities. Beam emittances were obtained from measured beam sizes and were in good agreement with calculated values. The coupling coefficient εy/εx is calculated as around 0.04. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145772
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Superconducting critical temperatures, critical magnetic fields, lattice parameters, and chemical compositions of "bulk'' pure and alloyed Nb3Sn produced by the bronze process (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 59 (1986), S. 840-853 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Superconducting critical temperatures Tc and magnetic fields Hc2, lattice parameters a0, and chemical compositions were measured for "bulk'' layers (∼6 μm or greater) of "pure'' and alloyed Nb3Sn which were made by the bronze process. The values of Tc, a0, and the composition of pure Nb3Sn layers were ∼18 K, 0.52900±0.00005 nm, and 25±0.5 at. % Sn, respectively, independent of heat-treatment temperature (between 650–780 °C) and of the bronze composition, as long as the thickness of the layers was greater than ∼6 μm. Small additions of Ti (∼1 at. %) or Ta (∼3 at. %) slightly increased the value of Tc (by ∼0.2–0.4 K) above that for pure Nb3Sn. However, additions of larger amounts of these elements or addition of other transition elements (V, Zr, and Mo) significantly decreased Tc. Also, small additions of these elements significantly increased Hc2. Specifically, the largest values of Hc2 (∼27 T at 4.2 K) were obtained for Nb3Sn layers containing ∼1.5 and ∼4 at. % of Ti and Ta, respectively, compared with a value for the pure Nb3Sn of 23.5 T at 4.2 K. The value of a0 decreased with all of the alloying additions; these variations can be explained qualitatively by several models for the lattice parameter of A15 compounds, but none of them can quantitatively predict the variations. In one system, (Nb,Ti)3Sn, values of the normal-state resistivity just above the transition temperature were measured: adding 3 at. % Ti raises the value to ∼55 μΩ cm from the value of 10–15 μΩ cm for pure Nb3Sn. This increase in the resistivity is thought to be a primary reason for the increased Hc2 for this system as well as the other types of alloyed Nb3Sn which were studied here.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.336607
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Injection, dynamic aperture, and beam instability of a small synchrotron radiation source in the hard-x-ray region : International conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 60 (1989), S. 1705-1708 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A small synchrotron radiation source in the hard-x-ray region was conceptually designed and its injection scheme, dynamic aperture, and beam instabilities were studied. Synchrotron radiation with the critical wavelength of 0.1 nm is emitted from a pair of superconducting bending magnets. The storage ring has only one pair of quadrupole magnets to save its drift space. The decay time of the kicker magnet and the angle between the central orbit and the orbit of the injected beam were optimized by computer simulation. The reduction of the dynamic aperture due to the errors of the bending field is less than 20%. Considerations of possible instabilities showed that there is no critical instability up to the beam current of 200 mA when the beam is injected with higher energy than 650 MeV.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140933
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Design of a compact storage ring for industrial research : Proceedings of the 4th international conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 770-773 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An 800-MeV compact storage ring is under construction for development of the technology of a compact ring and for research of x-ray lithography and material analysis. Synchrotron radiation with a critical wavelength of 0.65 nm is emitted from a pair of superconducting bending magnets. A straight section of the ring has only one quadrupole magnet to make the smaller ring. An injection efficiency with a single kicker magnet is optimized by computer simulation. The kicker field strength and an injection angle are determined. A beam tracking with a numerical integration method shows this ring has a sufficiently wide dynamic aperture of ||x||(approximately-equal-to)30 mm and ||y||(approximately-equal-to)50 mm at the center of the bending magnet, which has βxmin and βymax. A 1-GeV synchrotron is used as an injector, which has accelerated a beam up to 1 GeV.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1142658
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