Publication Date:
2011-06-17
Description:
Clinical studies consistently demonstrate that a single sub-psychomimetic dose of ketamine, an ionotropic glutamatergic NMDAR (N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor) antagonist, produces fast-acting antidepressant responses in patients suffering from major depressive disorder, although the underlying mechanism is unclear. Depressed patients report the alleviation of major depressive disorder symptoms within two hours of a single, low-dose intravenous infusion of ketamine, with effects lasting up to two weeks, unlike traditional antidepressants (serotonin re-uptake inhibitors), which take weeks to reach efficacy. This delay is a major drawback to current therapies for major depressive disorder and faster-acting antidepressants are needed, particularly for suicide-risk patients. The ability of ketamine to produce rapidly acting, long-lasting antidepressant responses in depressed patients provides a unique opportunity to investigate underlying cellular mechanisms. Here we show that ketamine and other NMDAR antagonists produce fast-acting behavioural antidepressant-like effects in mouse models, and that these effects depend on the rapid synthesis of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. We find that the ketamine-mediated blockade of NMDAR at rest deactivates eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) kinase (also called CaMKIII), resulting in reduced eEF2 phosphorylation and de-suppression of translation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Furthermore, we find that inhibitors of eEF2 kinase induce fast-acting behavioural antidepressant-like effects. Our findings indicate that the regulation of protein synthesis by spontaneous neurotransmission may serve as a viable therapeutic target for the development of fast-acting antidepressants.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3172695/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉 〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3172695/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Autry, Anita E -- Adachi, Megumi -- Nosyreva, Elena -- Na, Elisa S -- Los, Maarten F -- Cheng, Peng-fei -- Kavalali, Ege T -- Monteggia, Lisa M -- MH066198/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH070727/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH066198/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH066198-07/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH066198-08/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- T32 MH 76690-02/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jun 15;475(7354):91-5. doi: 10.1038/nature10130.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9111, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21677641" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
Keywords:
Animals
;
Antidepressive Agents/*pharmacology
;
Behavior, Animal/drug effects/physiology
;
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/biosynthesis/deficiency/genetics/pharmacology
;
Depression/drug therapy
;
Disease Models, Animal
;
Dizocilpine Maleate/pharmacology
;
Elongation Factor 2 Kinase/metabolism
;
Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
;
Ketamine/*pharmacology
;
Mice
;
Mice, Inbred C57BL
;
Mice, Knockout
;
Phosphorylation/drug effects
;
Piperazines/pharmacology
;
Protein Biosynthesis/drug effects
;
Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism
;
Rest/*physiology
;
Suicide/prevention & control
;
Synapses/drug effects/metabolism
;
Synaptic Transmission/drug effects
;
Time Factors
Print ISSN:
0028-0836
Electronic ISSN:
1476-4687
Topics:
Biology
,
Chemistry and Pharmacology
,
Medicine
,
Natural Sciences in General
,
Physics
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