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  • 1
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    New Limits on Interactions between Weakly Interacting Massive Particles and Nucleons Obtained with CsI(Tl) Crystal Detectors (2012)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-01
    Description: Author(s): S. C. Kim, H. Bhang, J. H. Choi, W. G. Kang, B. H. Kim, H. J. Kim, K. W. Kim, S. K. Kim, Y. D. Kim, J. Lee, J. H. Lee, J. K. Lee, M. J. Lee, S. J. Lee, J. Li, J. Li, X. R. Li, Y. J. Li, S. S. Myung, S. L. Olsen, S. Ryu, I. S. Seong, J. H. So, and Q. Yue (KIMS Collaboration) New limits are presented on the cross section for weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) nucleon scattering in the KIMS CsI(T ℓ ) detector array at the Yangyang Underground Laboratory. The exposure used for these results is 24 524.3  kg·days . Nuclei recoiling from WIMP interactions are identified ... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 181301] Published Mon Apr 30, 2012
    Keywords: Gravitation and Astrophysics
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 2
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    Coupling of the TCR to integrin activation by Slap-130/Fyb (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-09-22
    Description: SLAP-130/Fyb (SLP-76-associated phosphoprotein or Fyn-binding protein; also known as Fyb/Slap) is a hematopoietic-specific adapter, which associates with and modulates function of SH2-containing leukocyte phosphoprotein of 76 kilodaltons (SLP-76). T cells from mice lacking SLAP-130/Fyb show markedly impaired proliferation following CD3 engagement. In addition, the T cell receptor (TCR) in SLAP-130/Fyb mutant cells fails to enhance integrin-dependent adhesion. Although TCR-induced actin polymerization is normal, TCR-stimulated clustering of the integrin LFA-1 is defective in SLAP-130/Fyb-deficient cells. These data indicate that SLAP-130/Fyb is important for coupling TCR-mediated actin cytoskeletal rearrangement with activation of integrin function, and for T cells to respond fully to activating signals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Peterson, E J -- Woods, M L -- Dmowski, S A -- Derimanov, G -- Jordan, M S -- Wu, J N -- Myung, P S -- Liu, Q H -- Pribila, J T -- Freedman, B D -- Shimizu, Y -- Koretzky, G A -- R01 AI060921/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 21;293(5538):2263-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11567141" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/metabolism ; *Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Animals ; Antigens, CD/metabolism ; Antigens, CD3/immunology ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Immunologic Capping ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism ; Interleukin-2/biosynthesis/pharmacology ; Lectins, C-Type ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1/*physiology ; Mice ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism ; Phosphoproteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*metabolism ; Receptors, Interleukin-2/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology/metabolism/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Sequence and structural convergence of broad and potent HIV antibodies that mimic CD4 binding (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-07-19
    Description: Passive transfer of broadly neutralizing HIV antibodies can prevent infection, which suggests that vaccines that elicit such antibodies would be protective. Thus far, however, few broadly neutralizing HIV antibodies that occur naturally have been characterized. To determine whether these antibodies are part of a larger group of related molecules, we cloned 576 new HIV antibodies from four unrelated individuals. All four individuals produced expanded clones of potent broadly neutralizing CD4-binding-site antibodies that mimic binding to CD4. Despite extensive hypermutation, the new antibodies shared a consensus sequence of 68 immunoglobulin H (IgH) chain amino acids and arise independently from two related IgH genes. Comparison of the crystal structure of one of the antibodies to the broadly neutralizing antibody VRC01 revealed conservation of the contacts to the HIV spike.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3351836/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3351836/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Scheid, Johannes F -- Mouquet, Hugo -- Ueberheide, Beatrix -- Diskin, Ron -- Klein, Florian -- Oliveira, Thiago Y K -- Pietzsch, John -- Fenyo, David -- Abadir, Alexander -- Velinzon, Klara -- Hurley, Arlene -- Myung, Sunnie -- Boulad, Farid -- Poignard, Pascal -- Burton, Dennis R -- Pereyra, Florencia -- Ho, David D -- Walker, Bruce D -- Seaman, Michael S -- Bjorkman, Pamela J -- Chait, Brian T -- Nussenzweig, Michel C -- P01 AI081677/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P30 AI060354/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI033292/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- RR00862/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- RR022220/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 16;333(6049):1633-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1207227. Epub 2011 Jul 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21764753" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/*chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; Antibody Affinity ; Antibody Specificity ; Antigens, CD4/immunology/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Binding Sites, Antibody ; Cloning, Molecular ; Consensus Sequence ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Genes, Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain ; HIV Antibodies/*chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120/chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; HIV Infections/immunology ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/chemistry ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/chemistry ; Immunoglobulin Light Chains/chemistry ; Molecular Mimicry ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Protein Conformation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Dramatic influence of patchy attractions on short-time protein diffusion under crowded conditions (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-12-09
    Description: In the dense and crowded environment of the cell cytoplasm, an individual protein feels the presence of and interacts with all surrounding proteins. While we expect this to strongly influence the short-time diffusion coefficient D s of proteins on length scales comparable to the nearest-neighbor distance, this quantity is difficult to assess experimentally. We demonstrate that quantitative information about D s can be obtained from quasi-elastic neutron scattering experiments using the neutron spin echo technique. We choose two well-characterized and highly stable eye lens proteins, bovine α-crystallin and B -crystallin, and measure their diffusion at concentrations comparable to those present in the eye lens. While diffusion slows down with increasing concentration for both proteins, we find marked variations that are directly linked to subtle differences in their interaction potentials. A comparison with computer simulations shows that anisotropic and patchy interactions play an essential role in determining the local short-time dynamics. Hence, our study clearly demonstrates the enormous effect that weak attractions can have on the short-time diffusion of proteins at concentrations comparable to those in the cellular cytosol.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    A Characteristic Non-Reflecting Boundary Treatment in Lattice Boltzmann Method (2008)
    Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-05-29
    Print ISSN: 0256-307X
    Electronic ISSN: 1741-3540
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface diffusion of thin perfluoropolyalkylether films : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 5788-5790 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The spreading characteristics of thin polymeric liquid films of perfluoropolyalkylethers (PFPEs) Fomblin Z15 and Fomblin Zdol (hydroxyl terminated PFPE) on silica surfaces have been measured by scanning microellipsometry (SME). We estimated the surface diffusion coefficients and propose a modified diffusion equation to interpret the spreading phenomenon from film thickness profiles measured with SME. We investigated the spreading of Z15 as a function of binary blend ratio of monodisperse Z15 fractions and found that the surface diffusion coefficients of the blends do not obey a simple linear mixing rule. A summary of thin PFPE film spreading characteristics as a function of molecular weight, film thickness, chain-end functionality, temperature, and humidity is presented. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362189
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Depth distribution of birefringence in magneto-optical recording disk substrates : 38th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 6867-6869 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Polycarbonate substrates are the industry standard for optical storage. Optical anisotropy is frozen into the substrate as polymer orientation during mold flow and thermal stress during cooling. The substrate optical anisotropy degrades the readback of the data [carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR)] by increasing the noise level on Kerr rotation measurement. There are also synergistic effects of the disk optical properties with focus and tracking optics. For optimum CNR, the beam is focused on the magneto-optical (MO) film. For optimum tracking, the beam is focused to maximize track error signal (TES). For the disks considered the difference between the offset for optimum CNR and that for optimum TES was between 300 and 600 μm. This results in a compromise between optimum CNR and TES, which could limit MO storage density and performance. Conventional methods of bulk optical anisotropy measurement are unsuccessful in explaining this variance. These give an average or effective optical property. The optical properties are also known to vary with the depth in the substrate and especially near the mold walls as determined by optical polarizing microscope. A scanning micropolarimeter instrument is presented to rapidly measure the depth distribution of the optical properties. The interaction between the obliquely incident polarized beam with the microscopic variation in the index of refraction throughout the depth of the substrate is proposed as the source of the difference between the optimum focus offsets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.356811
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transient response of ultralow flying sliders over contaminated and textured surfaces : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 5785-5787 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The transient flying dynamics of positive and negative pressure sliders over nonsmooth surfaces were investigated. Surface roughness was modeled by variously oriented sinusoidal waves, and contaminated surfaces were modeled as series of asperities and pits. A finite element algorithm was used which incorporates a generalized form of the Reynolds equation based upon the linearized Boltzmann equation. A new kinetic equation descriptive of ultralow flying was also discussed. Spectral analysis using fast Fourier transformation was adopted to explore the transient behavior of sliders in the frequency domain. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362188
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rheo-optical measurements on suspensions of magnetic recording particles (abstract) : 38th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 5579-5579 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: New rheo-optic measurements of the orientation of magnetic particles (used in particulate recording media) in suspension under imposed external fields (hydrodynamic and/or magnetic) are presented. The apparatus consists of a rheo-optical device1 employing polarization modulation technology, and the external magnetic and flow field generating equipment (plane Poiseuille flow cell and quadrupole electromagnet). The polarization modulation dichroism measurement technique, which has the advantage of improved sensitivity and precision over conventional optical measurements, is able to characterize uniaxial single domain magnetic particle suspensions under external magnetic and hydrodynamic fields. Linear dichroism measurements, which reflect the degree of particle alignment about the field axis, are shown to be sensitive indicators of particle magnetic interactions, of effects of particle intrinsic magnetic properties, and of effects of particle shape. In this paper we focus on the comparison between effects of imposed magnetic and hydrodynamic fields on particle orientation for rodlike γ-Fe2O3, CrO2, and plate-like Ba ferrites. Relationships between the particle orientation due to the two external fields are established through dimensional analysis, and the "equivalent magnetic field,'' which yields the same magnitude of dichroism obtained under a given flow field, is measured. The flow field and the equivalent magnetic field show a nearly linear relationship. Once the equivalent magnetic field plot is obtained experimentally, one can conveniently transform hydrodynamic field to applied magnetic field and then determine the particle orientation. Preliminary results indicate that this device represents the best technique for systematic investigation of magnetic particle orientation during simultaneous imposition of magnetic and hydrodynamic fields.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.355646
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mathematical modeling of lubrication for the head-disk interface using incompressible fluids : 38th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 5747-5749 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In order to keep pace with the demand for higher storage densities in magnetic recording disk drives, new technology must be developed to reduce the tribological problems associated with ultralow flying. Non-Newtonian liquid bearings may become a feasible alternative to slider miniaturization due to the decrease in slider-disk contacts. Issues pertaining to modeling the head-disk interface are presented, and non-Newtonian effects are described. Generalized Newtonian fluid models describe the dependence of the apparent viscosity on the shear rate for bulk fluids, but the extremely high shear rate and the confined geometry at ultralow flying heights complicate conventional non-Newtonian rheological models. Equations are developed for generalized Newtonian fluids which can determine the flying characteristics of recording sliders in viscoelastic drives. Order-of-magnitude analyses are performed in order to determine the effect of drive parameters and fluid properties on the load bearing capacity of the slider and power consumption due to frictional forces. The results obtained are new and may become important in providing design criteria for VISqUS drives or to related design engineers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.355602
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