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  • 1
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    Tuning conformation, assembly, and charge transport properties of conjugated polymers by printing flow (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Intrachain charge transport is unique to conjugated polymers distinct from inorganic and small molecular semiconductors and is key to achieving high-performance organic electronics. Polymer backbone planarity and thin film morphology sensitively modulate intrachain charge transport. However, simple, generic nonsynthetic approaches for tuning backbone planarity and the ensuing multiscale assembly process do not exist. We first demonstrate that printing flow is capable of planarizing the originally twisted polymer backbone to substantially increase the conjugation length. This conformation change leads to a marked morphological transition from chiral, twinned domains to achiral, highly aligned morphology, hence a fourfold increase in charge carrier mobilities. We found a surprising mechanism that flow extinguishes a lyotropic twist-bend mesophase upon backbone planarization, leading to the observed morphology and electronic structure transitions.〈/p〉
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    DNA amplification for direct detection of HIV-1 in DNA of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-01-15
    Description: By means of a selective DNA amplification technique called polymerase chain reaction, proviral sequences of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) were identified directly in DNA isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of persons seropositive but not in DNA isolated from PBMCs of persons seronegative for the virus. Primer pairs from multiple regions of the HIV-1 genome were used to achieve maximum sensitivity of provirus detection. HIV-1 sequences were detected in 100% of DNA specimens from seropositive, homosexual men from whom the virus was isolated by coculture, but in none of the DNA specimens from a control group of seronegative, virus culture-negative persons. However, HIV-1 sequences were detected in 64% of DNA specimens from seropositive, virus culture-negative homosexual men. This method of DNA amplification made it possible to obtain results within 3 days, whereas virus isolation takes up to 3 to 4 weeks. The method may therefore be used to complement or replace virus isolation as a routine means of determining HIV-1 infection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ou, C Y -- Kwok, S -- Mitchell, S W -- Mack, D H -- Sninsky, J J -- Krebs, J W -- Feorino, P -- Warfield, D -- Schochetman, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jan 15;239(4837):295-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3336784" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*microbiology ; Base Sequence ; DNA, Viral/*blood ; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase ; *Gene Amplification ; HIV/*genetics/isolation & purification ; HIV Seropositivity ; Homosexuality ; Humans ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/*analysis ; Male ; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Virus Cultivation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Enhanced performance of wind energy harvester by aerodynamic treatment of a square prism (2016)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-22
    Description: This letter presents the effects that fitting fins to various corners of a square-prism galloping-based piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) has on its performance, based on results from a series of wind tunnel model tests. The results show that attaching fins to the leading edge significantly improves the efficiency of the harvester, achieving a maximum power 2.5 times that attained by a plain square prism PEH. Furthermore, a length that is 1/6 of the prism's cross-sectional width is found to be optimal for fins that are attached to the harvester.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 4
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    Mixed aromatic-aliphatic organic nanoparticles as carriers of unidentified infrared emission features (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-28
    Description: Unidentified infrared emission bands at wavelengths of 3-20 micrometres are widely observed in a range of environments in our Galaxy and in others. Some features have been identified as the stretching and bending modes of aromatic compounds, and are commonly attributed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules. The central argument supporting this attribution is that single-photon excitation of the molecule can account for the unidentified infrared emission features observed in 'cirrus' clouds in the diffuse interstellar medium. Of the more than 160 molecules identified in the circumstellar and interstellar environments, however, not one is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecule. The detections of discrete and broad aliphatic spectral features suggest that the carrier of the unidentified infrared emission features cannot be a pure aromatic compound. Here we report an analysis of archival spectroscopic observations and demonstrate that the data are most consistent with the carriers being amorphous organic solids with a mixed aromatic-aliphatic structure. This structure is similar to that of the organic materials found in meteorites, as would be expected if the Solar System had inherited these organic materials from interstellar sources.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kwok, Sun -- Zhang, Yong -- England -- Nature. 2011 Oct 26;479(7371):80-3. doi: 10.1038/nature10542.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China. sunkwok@hku.hk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22031328" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 5
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    Reactions to the Hwang scandal (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kwok, L Stephen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 3;311(5761):606-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16459362" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/*standards ; Korea ; Research Personnel/*standards ; *Scientific Misconduct ; *Whistleblowing
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Aerodynamic modification to a circular cylinder to enhance the piezoelectric wind energy harvesting (2016)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-09
    Description: This study aims to expand the aeroelastic unstable range of a circular cylinder for improving the efficiency of a vortex-induced vibration (VIV)-based wind energy harvester. The kinetic energy of the harvester is provided by flow-induced vibration of a circular cylinder. Two small-diameter cylindrical rods were attached on two sides of the circular cylinder parallel to the cylinder axis and symmetrical to the stagnation line at a series of circumferential locations. This was inspired by rain-wind-induced vibrations of stay-cables of cable-stayed bridges. It was found that attaching two small-diameter cylindrical rods at the circumferential location θ  = 60° significantly expands the aeroelastic unstable range for the circular cylinder. The wind energy harvester with this configuration harnesses the wind energy beyond the VIV onset wind speed and is sustained over the range of wind speed. Therefore, this configuration possesses a dramatic superiority over a plain circular cylinder as the kinetic source of a wind energy harvester.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 7
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    Materials for future electronics (2003)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-12-01
    Print ISSN: 1369-7021
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-4103
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Separation and analysis of peptides and proteins (1993)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 65 (1993), S. 67-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00060a006
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Raman scattering from heavily doped (311) GaAs:Si grown by molecular beam epitaxy (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 72 (1992), S. 285-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Raman scattering by localized vibrational modes and plasmons has been used to characterize heavily p- and n-type silicon-doped (311)A GaAs layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Consistent with the doping character, p-type samples show two modes associated with Si(As) and the complex defect Si-X. Acceptor-related lines were not observed in n-type samples, an indication that compensation levels in the layers are very low. The results are discussed in relation to growth conditions on (311)A surfaces.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.352131
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular-beam epitaxial growth and characterization of silicon-doped AlGaAs and GaAs on (311)A GaAs substrates and their device applications (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 72 (1992), S. 3129-3135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The possibility of reliable and reproducible p-type doping of (311)A GaAs by Si during molecular-beam epitaxial growth and the application of such doping in the realization of high-performance electronic devices have been investigated. It is seen that p-type doping upto a free hole concentration of 4×1019 cm−3 can be obtained under conditions of low As4 flux and high (≥660 °C) growth temperatures. n-type doping up to a level of 1×1019 cm−3 is obtained at low (≤500 °C) growth temperature and high As4 flux. The p-type doping is extremely reproducible and the incorporation of Si atoms into electrically active As sites is at least 95%. The doping behavior has been studied and confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. n-p-n heterojunction bipolar transistors grown by all Si doping exhibit excellent current voltage characteristics and a common emitter current gain β=240. Doped channel p-type heterojunction field-effect transistors have transconductance gm=25 mS/mm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.351474
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