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Genomic signatures predict migration and spawning failure in wild Canadian salmon (2011)

K. M. Miller ; S. Li ; K. H. Kaukinen ; [et al.]

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

In: Science. 331(6014): 214-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1196901.

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Publication Date: 2011-01-15

Description: Long-term population viability of Fraser River sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) is threatened by unusually high levels of mortality as they swim to their spawning areas before they spawn. Functional genomic studies on biopsied gill tissue from tagged wild adults that were tracked through ocean and river environments revealed physiological profiles predictive of successful migration and spawning. We identified a common genomic profile that was correlated with survival in each study. In ocean-tagged fish, a mortality-related genomic signature was associated with a 13.5-fold greater chance of dying en route. In river-tagged fish, the same genomic signature was associated with a 50% increase in mortality before reaching the spawning grounds in one of three stocks tested. At the spawning grounds, the same signature was associated with 3.7-fold greater odds of dying without spawning. Functional analysis raises the possibility that the mortality-related signature reflects a viral infection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Kristina M -- Li, Shaorong -- Kaukinen, Karia H -- Ginther, Norma -- Hammill, Edd -- Curtis, Janelle M R -- Patterson, David A -- Sierocinski, Thomas -- Donnison, Louise -- Pavlidis, Paul -- Hinch, Scott G -- Hruska, Kimberly A -- Cooke, Steven J -- English, Karl K -- Farrell, Anthony P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jan 14;331(6014):214-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1196901.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Genetics Section, Pacific Biological Station, 3190 Hammond Bay Road, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. kristi.miller@dfo-mpo.gc.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21233388" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Keywords: *Animal Migration ; Animals ; Canada ; Female ; Fish Diseases/genetics/immunology/mortality ; *Gene Expression ; *Gene Expression Profiling ; Genome ; Gills ; Male ; Mortality ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Pacific Ocean ; Population Dynamics ; Principal Component Analysis ; Remote Sensing Technology ; *Reproduction ; Rivers ; Salmon/*genetics/*physiology ; Stress, Physiological ; Survival Analysis ; Virus Diseases/genetics/immunology/mortality/veterinary

Print ISSN: 0036-8075

Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics

Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

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Differences in thermal tolerance among sockeye salmon populations (2011)

E. J. Eliason ; T. D. Clark ; M. J. Hague ; [et al.]

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

In: Science. 332(6025): 109-12. doi: 10.1126/science.1199158.

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Publication Date: 2011-04-02

Description: Climate change-induced increases in summer water temperature have been associated with elevated mortality of adult sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) during river migration. We show that cardiorespiratory physiology varies at the population level among Fraser River sockeye salmon and relates to historical environmental conditions encountered while migrating. Fish from populations with more challenging migratory environments have greater aerobic scope, larger hearts, and better coronary supply. Furthermore, thermal optima for aerobic, cardiac, and heart rate scopes are consistent with the historic river temperature ranges for each population. This study suggests that physiological adaptation occurs at a very local scale, with population-specific thermal limits being set by physiological limitations in aerobic performance, possibly due to cardiac collapse at high temperatures.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eliason, Erika J -- Clark, Timothy D -- Hague, Merran J -- Hanson, Linda M -- Gallagher, Zoe S -- Jeffries, Ken M -- Gale, Marika K -- Patterson, David A -- Hinch, Scott G -- Farrell, Anthony P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Apr 1;332(6025):109-12. doi: 10.1126/science.1199158.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4. eliason@zoology.ubc.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21454790" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; Animal Migration ; Animals ; Climate Change ; Heart/physiology ; Population Dynamics ; Salmon/*physiology ; Species Specificity ; *Temperature

Print ISSN: 0036-8075

Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics

Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

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The effect of temperature and acclimation period on repeat swimming performance in cutthroat trout (2004)

MacNutt, M. J. ; Hinch, S. G. ; Farrell, A. P. ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd

Journal of fish biology 65 (2004), S. 0

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ISSN: 1095-8649

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: Hatchery cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki clarki were used to examine the effects of 48 h and 3 week temperature acclimation periods on critical swimming speed (Ucrit). The Ucrit was determined for fish at acclimation temperatures of 7, 14 and 18° C using two consecutive ramp-Ucrit tests in mobile Brett-type swim tunnels. An additional group was tested at the stock's ambient rearing temperature of 10° C. The length of the temperature acclimation period had no significant effect on either the first or the second Ucrit(Ucrit-1 and Ucrit-2, respectively) or on the recovery ratio (the quotient of Ucrit-2 Ucrit-1−1). As anticipated, there was a significant positive relationship between Ucrit-1 and temperature (P 〈 0·01) for both acclimation periods, and an increasing, though non-significant, trend between Ucrit-2 and temperature (P = 0·10). Acclimation temperature had no significant effect (P = 0·71) on the recovery ratio. These results indicate that a 48 h acclimation to experimental temperatures within the range of −3 to +8° C of the acclimation temperature may be sufficient in studies of swimming performance with this species. This ability to acclimate rapidly is probably adaptive for cutthroat trout and other species that occupy thermally variable environments.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-1112.2004.00453.x

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Energetics and morphology of sockeye salmon: effects of upriver migratory distance and elevation (2004)

Crossin, G. T. ; Hinch, S. G. ; Farrell, A. P. ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd

Journal of fish biology 65 (2004), S. 0

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ISSN: 1095-8649

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: Depending on population, wild Fraser River sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka travel distances of 〈100 km to 〉1100 km and ascend elevations ranging from near sea-level to 1200 m to reach spawning areas. Populations embarking on distant, high elevation migrations (i.e. Early Stuart, Chilko and Horsefly populations) began their upriver spawning migrations with higher densities of somatic energy (c. 9·2 to 9·8 MJ kg−1) and fewer eggs (c. 3200 to 3800) than populations making shorter, low elevation migrations (i.e. Weaver and Adams; c. 7·1 to 8·3 MJ kg−1 gross somatic energy and c. 4300 to 4700 eggs). Populations making difficult upriver migrations also had morphologies that were smaller and more fusiform than populations making less difficult migrations, traits that may facilitate somatic energy conservation by reducing transport costs. Indeed, fish travelling long distances expended less somatic energy per unit of migratory difficulty than those travelling shorter distances (2·8 to 3·8 kJ v. 10–1400 kJ). Consistent with evolutionary theory, difficult migrations appear to select for energy efficiency but ultimately fish making more difficult migrations produce fewer eggs, even when differences in body length have been accounted for. Despite large among-population differences in somatic energy at the start of upriver migration, all populations completed migration and spawning, and subsequently died, with c. 4 MJ kg−1 of energy remaining, a level which may reflect a threshold to sustain life.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-1112.2004.00486.x

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The effect of exercise and captivity on energy partitioning, reproductive maturation and fertilization success in adult sockeye salmon (2004)

Patterson, D. A. ; Macdonald, J. S. ; Hinch, S. G. ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd/Inc.

Journal of fish biology 64 (2004), S. 0

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ISSN: 1095-8649

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: Releasing a population of adult Fraser River sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka from an energetically more expensive non-feeding natural migration (1089 km, natal groups) and allowing them to sexually mature in either a moderate flow (captive exercise group) or a no flow (captive non-exercise group) environment resulted in significant differences in body energy densities (MJ kg−1) among groups (ranked: initial natural migrator 〉 non-exercise 〉 exercise 〉 natal arrivals). Similarly, per cent body lipids were significantly lower in exercise females compared with non-exercise females, experimentally confirming the central role lipid catabolism has in powering swimming. Although restricting exercise did result in greater body energy reserves at spawning, this did not result in a reallocation of energy to reproduction, as fecundity, egg size and gonad composition were unchanged among the groups. Furthermore, non-exercise females had delayed maturity, lower egg deposition rates, and were more likely to die prior to egg ovulation than exercise females and natal spawners. Eggs from captive exercise adult females were more likely to survive to the eyed stage than eggs from captive non-exercise females, but both captive groups had significantly lower egg fertilization success than natal spawners suggesting that confinement stress played a role in some of results presented. There were no significant differences in plasma levels of glucose, lactate, cortisol and reproductive hormones among the groups, but correlations among acute and chronic indicators of stress were significant among individuals. These results indicate that exercise during the late stages of maturation, as might occur normally, may be required for optimizing reproductive maturation and maximizing reproductive success.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2004.0370.x

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Coupling non-invasive physiological assessments with telemetry to understand inter-individual variation in behaviour and survivorship of sockeye salmon: development and validation of a technique (2005)

Cooke, S. J. ; Crossin, G. T. ; Patterson, D. A. ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd

Journal of fish biology 67 (2005), S. 0

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ISSN: 1095-8649

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: Approximately 200 km from the mouth of the Fraser River, British Columbia, Canada, adult sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka, were gastrically implanted with radio transmitters without anaesthetic. Subsets of the transmitter implanted fish were also biopsied which included drawing blood from the caudal peduncle (3 ml), removal of gill tissue (0·03 g) and quantification of energetic status using a microwave fat meter. Several experiments were used to test the hypothesis that the biopsy had a negligible effect on the subsequent survival and migratory behaviour of transmitter implanted fish. In the first experiment, no difference was found in the survival (both 100%) or tag retention (both 100%) between the two treatment groups (transmitter implanted with and without biopsy) when fish were held in pens for 24 h in the marine environment. Similarly, in other experiments where fish were released to the ocean to resume their migratory journey, no statistical differences were found in the travel times of fish in the two treatment groups, or in the proportion of fish that passed in-river telemetry checkpoints. These results indicated that the handling and biopsy methods produced similar levels of mortality and tag retention as the telemetry treatment alone and that any changes in behaviour between the two treatment groups did not adversely affect migration time. Based upon the evidence provided from the biotelemetry of 〉300 adult sockeye salmon, it was felt that this general type of approach could be applicable to other fish species.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2005.00830.x

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Attraction of migrating adult sockeye salmon to conspecifics in the absence of natal chemical cues (2015)

Bett, N. N., Hinch, S. G.

Oxford University Press

In: Behavioral Ecology

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Publication Date: 2015-07-09

Description: Directed animal movement, which drives behaviors such as natal philopatry or dispersal, is guided by the input of sensory information. Anadromous salmonids are philopatric (they return to their natal habitat to reproduce), and their upstream movements during the spawning migration are directed by olfactory cues. Two main sources of olfactory cues have been identified—imprinted natal cues and pheromones—although the relative importance of these cues is unresolved. We tested the response of migratory adult sockeye salmon ( Oncorhynchus nerka ) to conspecific odors in the presence of, and in the absence of, imprinted natal cues. The results indicate that sockeye salmon are attracted to conspecifics when imprinted natal cues are absent, but not when they are present. This suggests that pheromones may provide a directional cue that is secondary to the primary cue of imprinted chemicals. The finding follows the hierarchical navigation hypothesis and is supported by previous findings in salmonid research. There are several potential benefits to this method of navigation that could increase the reproductive success of stray migrants, which could promote dispersal and increase genetic diversity within populations.

Print ISSN: 1045-2249

Electronic ISSN: 1465-7279

Topics: Biology

Published by Oxford University Press

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