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PEP1 regulates perennial flowering in Arabis alpina (2009)

R. Wang ; S. Farrona ; C. Vincent ; [et al.]

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

In: Nature. 459(7245): 423-7. doi: 10.1038/nature07988.

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Publication Date: 2009-04-17

Description: Annual plants complete their life cycle in one year and initiate flowering only once, whereas perennials live for many years and flower repeatedly. How perennials undergo repeated cycles of vegetative growth and flowering that are synchronized to the changing seasons has not been extensively studied. Flowering is best understood in annual Arabidopsis thaliana, but many closely related species, such as Arabis alpina, are perennials. We identified the A. alpina mutant perpetual flowering 1 (pep1), and showed that PEP1 contributes to three perennial traits. It limits the duration of flowering, facilitating a return to vegetative development, prevents some branches from undergoing the floral transition allowing polycarpic growth habit, and confers a flowering response to winter temperatures that restricts flowering to spring. Here we show that PEP1 is the orthologue of the A. thaliana gene FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC). The FLC transcription factor inhibits flowering until A. thaliana is exposed to winter temperatures, which trigger chromatin modifications that stably repress FLC transcription. In contrast, PEP1 is only transiently repressed by low temperatures, causing repeated seasonal cycles of repression and activation of PEP1 transcription that allow it to carry out functions characteristic of the cyclical life history of perennials. The patterns of chromatin modifications at FLC and PEP1 differ correlating with their distinct expression patterns. Thus we describe a critical mechanism by which flowering regulation differs between related perennial and annual species, and propose that differences in chromatin regulation contribute to this variation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, Renhou -- Farrona, Sara -- Vincent, Coral -- Joecker, Anika -- Schoof, Heiko -- Turck, Franziska -- Alonso-Blanco, Carlos -- Coupland, George -- Albani, Maria C -- England -- Nature. 2009 May 21;459(7245):423-7. doi: 10.1038/nature07988. Epub 2009 Apr 15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl von Linne Weg 10, D-50829 Cologne, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19369938" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Keywords: Arabidopsis/genetics ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics ; Arabis/anatomy & histology/genetics/*growth & development ; Chromatin/genetics ; Flowers/genetics/*growth & development ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Genes, Plant/genetics ; Histones/metabolism ; MADS Domain Proteins/genetics ; Methylation ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; *Periodicity ; Plant Proteins/genetics/*metabolism

Print ISSN: 0028-0836

Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics

Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

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FT protein movement contributes to long-distance signaling in floral induction of Arabidopsis (2007)

L. Corbesier ; C. Vincent ; S. Jang ; [et al.]

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

In: Science. 316(5827): 1030-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1141752.

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Publication Date: 2007-04-21

Description: In plants, seasonal changes in day length are perceived in leaves, which initiate long-distance signaling that induces flowering at the shoot apex. The identity of the long-distance signal has yet to be determined. In Arabidopsis, activation of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) transcription in leaf vascular tissue (phloem) induces flowering. We found that FT messenger RNA is required only transiently in the leaf. In addition, FT fusion proteins expressed specifically in phloem cells move to the apex and move long distances between grafted plants. Finally, we provide evidence that FT does not activate an intermediate messenger in leaves. We conclude that FT protein acts as a long-distance signal that induces Arabidopsis flowering.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Corbesier, Laurent -- Vincent, Coral -- Jang, Seonghoe -- Fornara, Fabio -- Fan, Qingzhi -- Searle, Iain -- Giakountis, Antonis -- Farrona, Sara -- Gissot, Lionel -- Turnbull, Colin -- Coupland, George -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 18;316(5827):1030-3. Epub 2007 Apr 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl von Linne Weg 10, D-50829 Cologne, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17446353" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Keywords: Arabidopsis/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Dexamethasone/pharmacology ; Flowers/*growth & development ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics ; Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics ; Meristem/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Phloem/metabolism ; Photoperiod ; Plant Leaves/metabolism ; Plant Proteins/genetics ; Plant Shoots/metabolism ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Plant/genetics/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism

Print ISSN: 0036-8075

Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics