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  • 1
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    Flexible intuitions of Euclidean geometry in an Amazonian indigene group [Psychological and Cognitive Sciences] (2011)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-06-15
    Description: Kant argued that Euclidean geometry is synthesized on the basis of an a priori intuition of space. This proposal inspired much behavioral research probing whether spatial navigation in humans and animals conforms to the predictions of Euclidean geometry. However, Euclidean geometry also includes concepts that transcend the perceptible, such as objects that are infinitely small or infinitely large, or statements of necessity and impossibility. We tested the hypothesis that certain aspects of nonperceptible Euclidian geometry map onto intuitions of space that are present in all humans, even in the absence of formal mathematical education. Our tests probed intuitions of points, lines, and surfaces in participants from an indigene group in the Amazon, the Mundurucu, as well as adults and age-matched children controls from the United States and France and younger US children without education in geometry. The responses of Mundurucu adults and children converged with that of mathematically educated adults and children and revealed an intuitive understanding of essential properties of Euclidean geometry. For instance, on a surface described to them as perfectly planar, the Mundurucu's estimations of the internal angles of triangles added up to ∼180 degrees, and when asked explicitly, they stated that there exists one single parallel line to any given line through a given point. These intuitions were also partially in place in the group of younger US participants. We conclude that, during childhood, humans develop geometrical intuitions that spontaneously accord with the principles of Euclidean geometry, even in the absence of training in mathematics.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 2
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    The threshold for conscious report: Signal loss and response bias in visual and frontal cortex (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-05-04
    Description: Why are some visual stimuli consciously detected, whereas others remain subliminal? We investigated the fate of weak visual stimuli in the visual and frontal cortex of awake monkeys trained to report stimulus presence. Reported stimuli were associated with strong sustained activity in the frontal cortex, and frontal activity was weaker and quickly decayed for unreported stimuli. Information about weak stimuli could be lost at successive stages en route from the visual to the frontal cortex, and these propagation failures were confirmed through microstimulation of area V1. Fluctuations in response bias and sensitivity during perception of identical stimuli were traced back to prestimulus brain-state markers. A model in which stimuli become consciously reportable when they elicit a nonlinear ignition process in higher cortical areas explained our results.
    Keywords: Neuroscience
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Sources of mathematical thinking: behavioral and brain-imaging evidence (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-05-13
    Description: Does the human capacity for mathematical intuition depend on linguistic competence or on visuo-spatial representations? A series of behavioral and brain-imaging experiments provides evidence for both sources. Exact arithmetic is acquired in a language-specific format, transfers poorly to a different language or to novel facts, and recruits networks involved in word-association processes. In contrast, approximate arithmetic shows language independence, relies on a sense of numerical magnitudes, and recruits bilateral areas of the parietal lobes involved in visuo-spatial processing. Mathematical intuition may emerge from the interplay of these brain systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dehaene, S -- Spelke, E -- Pinel, P -- Stanescu, R -- Tsivkin, S -- HD23103/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 May 7;284(5416):970-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Unite INSERM 334, Service Hospitalier Frederic Joliot, CEA/DSV, 91401 Orsay Cedex, France. dehaene@shfj.cea.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10320379" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Brain Mapping ; Evoked Potentials ; Female ; Frontal Lobe/*physiology ; Humans ; Intuition ; *Language ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; *Mathematics ; Parietal Lobe/*physiology ; *Thinking
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Functional neuroimaging of speech perception in infants (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-10
    Description: Human infants begin to acquire their native language in the first months of life. To determine which brain regions support language processing at this young age, we measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging the brain activity evoked by normal and reversed speech in awake and sleeping 3-month-old infants. Left-lateralized brain regions similar to those of adults, including the superior temporal and angular gyri, were already active in infants. Additional activation in right prefrontal cortex was seen only in awake infants processing normal speech. Thus, precursors of adult cortical language areas are already active in infants, well before the onset of speech production.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dehaene-Lambertz, Ghislaine -- Dehaene, Stanislas -- Hertz-Pannier, Lucie -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Dec 6;298(5600):2013-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique, CNRS & Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, 54 Boulevard Raspail, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France. ghis@lscp.ehess.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12471265" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brain/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Female ; Functional Laterality ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Infant ; Language Development ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Parietal Lobe/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Prefrontal Cortex/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Sleep ; *Speech Perception ; Temporal Lobe/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Wakefulness
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Neuroscience. Single-neuron arithmetic (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dehaene, Stanislas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 6;297(5587):1652-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉INSERM Unit 562 Cognitive Neuroimaging, Service Hospitalier Frederic Joliot, CEA/DRM/DSV, 91401 Orsay Cedex, France. dehaene@shfj.cea.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12215630" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Macaca ; Models, Neurological ; Nerve Net ; Neurons/*physiology ; Parietal Lobe/physiology ; Prefrontal Cortex/cytology/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Log or linear? Distinct intuitions of the number scale in Western and Amazonian indigene cultures (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-05-31
    Description: The mapping of numbers onto space is fundamental to measurement and to mathematics. Is this mapping a cultural invention or a universal intuition shared by all humans regardless of culture and education? We probed number-space mappings in the Mundurucu, an Amazonian indigene group with a reduced numerical lexicon and little or no formal education. At all ages, the Mundurucu mapped symbolic and nonsymbolic numbers onto a logarithmic scale, whereas Western adults used linear mapping with small or symbolic numbers and logarithmic mapping when numbers were presented nonsymbolically under conditions that discouraged counting. This indicates that the mapping of numbers onto space is a universal intuition and that this initial intuition of number is logarithmic. The concept of a linear number line appears to be a cultural invention that fails to develop in the absence of formal education.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2610411/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2610411/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dehaene, Stanislas -- Izard, Veronique -- Spelke, Elizabeth -- Pica, Pierre -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 30;320(5880):1217-20. doi: 10.1126/science.1156540.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉INSERM, Cognitive Neuro-imaging Unit, Institut Federatif de Recherche (IFR) 49, Gif sur Yvette, France. stanislas.dehaene@cea.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18511690" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Anthropology, Cultural ; Brazil ; Child ; *Cultural Evolution ; Educational Status ; Female ; Humans ; *Indians, South American ; *Intuition ; Male ; *Mathematics ; Middle Aged
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Recruitment of an area involved in eye movements during mental arithmetic (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-09
    Description: Throughout the history of mathematics, concepts of number and space have been tightly intertwined. We tested the hypothesis that cortical circuits for spatial attention contribute to mental arithmetic in humans. We trained a multivariate classifier algorithm to infer the direction of an eye movement, left or right, from the brain activation measured in the posterior parietal cortex. Without further training, the classifier then generalized to an arithmetic task. Its left versus right classification could be used to sort out subtraction versus addition trials, whether performed with symbols or with sets of dots. These findings are consistent with the suggestion that mental arithmetic co-opts parietal circuitry associated with spatial coding.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Knops, Andre -- Thirion, Bertrand -- Hubbard, Edward M -- Michel, Vincent -- Dehaene, Stanislas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jun 19;324(5934):1583-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1171599. Epub 2009 May 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉INSERM, Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France. knops.andre@gmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19423779" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Eye Movements/*physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; *Mathematics ; Mental Processes/*physiology ; Parietal Lobe/*physiology ; Recruitment, Neurophysiological
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Exact and approximate arithmetic in an Amazonian indigene group (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-16
    Description: Is calculation possible without language? Or is the human ability for arithmetic dependent on the language faculty? To clarify the relation between language and arithmetic, we studied numerical cognition in speakers of Munduruku, an Amazonian language with a very small lexicon of number words. Although the Munduruku lack words for numbers beyond 5, they are able to compare and add large approximate numbers that are far beyond their naming range. However, they fail in exact arithmetic with numbers larger than 4 or 5. Our results imply a distinction between a nonverbal system of number approximation and a language-based counting system for exact number and arithmetic.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pica, Pierre -- Lemer, Cathy -- Izard, Veronique -- Dehaene, Stanislas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 15;306(5695):499-503.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Unite Mixte de Recherche 7023 "Formal Structures of Language," CNRS and Paris VIII University, Paris, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15486303" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Brazil ; Child ; *Cognition ; Culture ; Humans ; *Indians, South American ; *Language ; *Mathematics ; *Vocabulary
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Core knowledge of geometry in an Amazonian indigene group (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-21
    Description: Does geometry constitute a core set of intuitions present in all humans, regardless of their language or schooling? We used two nonverbal tests to probe the conceptual primitives of geometry in the Munduruku, an isolated Amazonian indigene group. Munduruku children and adults spontaneously made use of basic geometric concepts such as points, lines, parallelism, or right angles to detect intruders in simple pictures, and they used distance, angle, and sense relationships in geometrical maps to locate hidden objects. Our results provide evidence for geometrical intuitions in the absence of schooling, experience with graphic symbols or maps, or a rich language of geometrical terms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dehaene, Stanislas -- Izard, Veronique -- Pica, Pierre -- Spelke, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jan 20;311(5759):381-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉INSERM-CEA Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Service Hospitalier Frederic Joliot, Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique, 91401 Orsay Cedex, France. dehaene@shfj.cea.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16424341" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Analysis of Variance ; Brazil ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; *Comprehension ; Culture ; Female ; Humans ; Indians, South American/*psychology ; *Knowledge ; Language ; Male ; Maps as Topic ; *Mathematics ; Middle Aged
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    How learning to read changes the cortical networks for vision and language (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-11-13
    Description: Does literacy improve brain function? Does it also entail losses? Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we measured brain responses to spoken and written language, visual faces, houses, tools, and checkers in adults of variable literacy (10 were illiterate, 22 became literate as adults, and 31 were literate in childhood). As literacy enhanced the left fusiform activation evoked by writing, it induced a small competition with faces at this location, but also broadly enhanced visual responses in fusiform and occipital cortex, extending to area V1. Literacy also enhanced phonological activation to speech in the planum temporale and afforded a top-down activation of orthography from spoken inputs. Most changes occurred even when literacy was acquired in adulthood, emphasizing that both childhood and adult education can profoundly refine cortical organization.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dehaene, Stanislas -- Pegado, Felipe -- Braga, Lucia W -- Ventura, Paulo -- Nunes Filho, Gilberto -- Jobert, Antoinette -- Dehaene-Lambertz, Ghislaine -- Kolinsky, Regine -- Morais, Jose -- Cohen, Laurent -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 3;330(6009):1359-64. doi: 10.1126/science.1194140. Epub 2010 Nov 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉INSERM, Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Gif sur Yvette 91191, France. stanislas.dehaene@gmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21071632" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Brain Mapping ; Brazil ; Cerebral Cortex/*physiology ; *Educational Status ; Face ; Female ; Humans ; *Language ; Learning ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Occipital Lobe/physiology ; Portugal ; *Reading ; Regression Analysis ; *Speech Perception ; Temporal Lobe/physiology ; *Visual Perception ; Writing
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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