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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distinctive Cell Types in the Amphibian Carotid Labyrinth (1963)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 200 (1963), S. 492-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Recent work9,10 on the mammalian carotid body has emphasized the complex nature of the chief cells. At least two dominant cell types (the type I cell9; the argentophil cell10) are present in the glomeruli. Therefore, any examination of possible homologues of the mammalian carotid body chief cells ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/200492b0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface specializations of the epithelial cells at the tip of the optic tentacle, dorsal surface of the head and ventral surface of the foot in Helix aspersa (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 114 (1971), S. 106-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Helix aspersa ; Optic tentacle ; Epithelial specializations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Morphologically the surface specializations of the epithelium covering the dorsal head and ventral foot regions in Helix aspersa consists either of cilia or microvilli respectively. The epithelium at the tip of the optic tentacle is a simple one. Each epithelial cell has a number of cilia-like projections from their free surfaces. These projections usually branch at their tips into two or three slender, microvilli-like structures. From the bases of the cilia-like projections arise numerous, tubular processes which form a thick, spongy layer interspersed between these projections. The microvilli-like structures are immersed in a fine, fibrous mat; unlike the fibrous mats on the dorsal head and ventral foot epithelia this material does not autofluoresce. It is suggested that it arises from the collar cells and not from typical mucocytes. The functional relationship between these surface specializations of the optic tentacle epithelium and the abundance of sensory axons in this region is discussed. These epithelial cell projections on the tentacle probably function not only as a protective covering but also to create a fluid trap for odours in the ambient air. The various contacts between epithelial cells serve to maintain the integrity of the epithelium while allowing for stretching due to protrusion of the tentacle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00339469
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell contacts and smooth muscle bundle formation in tissue transplants into the anterior eye chamber (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 133 (1972), S. 21-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Smooth muscle ; Transplants ; Cell contacts ; Neuroeffector bundles ; Electronmicroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Segments of the taenia coli from guinea-pig were transplanted into the anterior chamber of the eye. Depending on such factors as the total volume of the transplant and the presence or absence of ganglion cells degeneration was either very extensive (90% or more of the total number of muscle cells) or localized (alternating regions of degenerating and normal structure). During days 1–2 muscle cells lost their plasma membranes so that their cytoplasmic contents were dispersed into the intercellular spaces. Many cells produced numerous small processes which were pinched off and dispersed in a similar manner. Following a period of intense mitotic activity (3–8 days) numerous cells with the characteristics of embryonic smooth muscle cells were evident. Within 10–14 days these differentiating cells produced bulbous protrusions and assumed more irregular outlines than at 3–8 days. The protrusions formed close contacts (50–100Å intercellular space) and tight junctions between adjacent muscle cells. Aggregation of muscle cells into bundles was under way between 14–28 days. At approximately 4–6 weeks these developing muscle groups were invaded by nerve fiber bundles. The pattern of the innervation and the form and size of the muscle bundles simulated the normal. These findings are discussed in relation to the possible functions of the intercellular contacts and cellular protrusions which characterise various periods of regeneration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307065
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structure of the epineural connective tissue sheath of the subesophageal ganglion in Helix aspersa (1969)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 102 (1969), S. 99-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Epineural sheath ; Subesophageal ganglion ; Helix aspersa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The epineural connective tissue sheath investing the subesophageal ganglion of Helix aspersa consists of a superficial region and a deeper region. The superficial region contains masses of globular cells intermingled with smooth muscle cells and nerve fibers all embedded in a connective tissue matrix. The histochemical and fine structural features of the globular cells show seasonal changes. During autumn to winter glycogen accumulates in their cytoplasm; this accumulation is accompanied by the appearance of dense, cytoplasmic globules which fuse together and ultimately form large pools of granular material. All the organelles and cytoplasm are displaced towards the cell periphery. Various cell-membrane invaginations containing dense material are prominent but there is no direct evidence to link these structures with the uptake of metabolites for glycogenesis. In winter there is a concentration of homogeneous, membrane-bound inclusions in the vicinity of the Golgi bodies. It is suggested that these inclusions constitute a lipid store. They decrease in number during summer. The globular cells do not bear any intimate relation to neurons and there is no reason to include these cells in the neuroglia. The muscle cells often weave around the globular cells but there is no direct contact. Nerve fibers innervate at least some of the muscle cells. The connective tissue consists of large and small diameter fibers suggesting that maturation of the fibrous components of the intercellular matrix is taking place in the superficial regions of the epineural sheath.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336419
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunofluorescent and structural features of cells in the intervascular stroma of the amphibian carotid labyrinth (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 216 (1981), S. 349-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Carotid labyrinth ; Smooth muscle ; Intervascular stroma ; Bufo marinus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The amphibian carotid labyrinth consists of a pars cavernosa, the main chamber of which is in communication with both the base of the external carotid artery, and the vessels of the labyrinthine pars capillaris. On the walls of the main chamber is a network of thick strands of connective tissue and modified smooth muscle cells surrounding the openings into the p. capillaris. These openings lead into wide-diameter atrial vessels, which in turn branch to form the short narrow-diameter vessels. The short vessels form the major component of the labyrinth. A few extremely narrow-diameter vessels are also present. The short vessels open into the roots of the internal carotid artery on the ventral aspect of the carotid labyrinth. The intervascular stroma of the p. capillaris contains numerous stellate and bipolar cells. These cells give a positive response to an immunofluorescent technique specific for smooth muscle myosin and tropomyosin. As the ultrastructural features of these cells are comparable in many respects to smooth muscle, they have been designated as modified smooth muscle cells. It is proposed that these cells act in both an active and passive fashion in maintaining the luminal dimensions of the short vessels relatively constant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233624
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New records and observations on the anostracan genus Eubranchipus in California (1997)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 359 (1997), S. 75-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Eubranchipus ; California ; distribution ; habitat ; behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Observations on distribution, water quality, habitat and avoidance behavior are presented for Eubranchipus bundyi, Eubranchipus oregonus, and Eubranchipus serratus (Chirocephalidae) in California, USA. All three species were previously known within California from single localities. Two new localities for E. oregonus in Tuolumne County and in Humbolt County and 21 new localities for E. serratus in Lassen and Shasta Counties are presented. The E. oregonus localities represent substantial range extensions within California, while the E. serratus localities show a large number of populations within the surveyed area. In occupied pools, pH ranged from 5.5to 9.0, conductivity from 30 to 150 µS, turbidity (NTU) from 0.8 to140.0 and total alkalinity from 68 to 128 mg l−1. Pool size varied from small seasonal pools of a few meters in diameter to large seasonal lakes several kilometers across. Limited survey effort and successful "predator" avoidance by the shrimp may have contributed to the lack of distributional information for these species in California.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003162810822
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structure of smooth muscle and neuromuscular junctions in the foot of Helix aspersa (1969)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 99 (1969), S. 315-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The smooth muscle cells in the foot of Helix aspersa are arranged in bundles which interweave to form a complex mesh. In the peripheral cytoplasm of the muscle cells there is a system of interconnected obliquely and longitudinally orientated tubules. The full extent of this system has not been determined; its possible function in relation to Ca++ storage and excitation-contraction coupling is discussed. Longitudinal tubules are present among the myofilaments and in association with mitochondria. Distributed throughout the myofilaments are elliptically shaped dense bodies, the fine structure of which resembles an accumulation of thin filaments. Located on the plasma membrane of the muscle cells are dense areas; the fine structure and relationships of these cellular elements resemble desmosomes. They may serve as attachment points for thin, cytoplasmic filaments (not necessarily myofilaments). The muscle cells are innervated by axons which diverge from a coarse, neural plexus (the sole plexus). The axons initially come into close contact with the muscle cells and then pass over their surfaces for up to 35 μ before being gradually enveloped by flange-like protrusions of the muscle cells. These axons contain either, (i) agranular vesicles (600 Å in diameter), (ii) agranular and very dense granular vesicles (1000 Å in diameter) or (iii) agranular and less dense, granular vesicles (1000 Å in diameter). The possible role of these inclusions as sites of excitatory and inhibitory transmitters is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00337605
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structure of smooth muscle and neuromuscular junctions in the optic tentacles of Helix aspersa and Limax flavus (1968)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 89 (1968), S. 80-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The smooth muscle cells studied contain a central core of thick and thin myofilaments surrounded by a peripheral layer of myofilament-free cytoplasm. Numerous vesicles, tubules, microfilaments, mitochondria and fine granules are present in the peripheral cytoplasm. Glycogen particles are distributed in large or small groups in both the peripheral cytoplasm and among the myofilaments. In contracted muscle cells the peripheral cytoplasm bulges out at regular intervals into the intercellular connective tissue. Numerous close contacts between single, usually naked, axons and these cytoplasmic protrusions occur. The axons at these contacts contain numerous small (500 Å in diameter) and large vesicles (800–1000 Å in diameter). Sometimes a number of axons simultaneously form close contacts with a muscle cell. These close contacts are considered to be the sites at which transmitter is released and acts on the muscle cell membrane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00332654
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ultrastructural characteristics of the apical cell in the neuroepithelial bodies of the toad lung (Bufo marinus) (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 209 (1980), S. 485-498 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Lung, Bufo marinus ; Neuroepithelial bodies ; Apical cell
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The cytological features and membrane specialisations of neuroepithelial cells (apical cells) in direct contact with the lumen of the lung were studied with transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The luminal surface of the apical cell is characterised by microvilli, a cilium with an 8+1 microtubular pattern and numerous coated vesicles. The cytoplasmic region immediately beneath the luminal plasma membrane contains numerous smooth-walled vesicles, tubules and microtubules, a few microfilaments and dense granules (15–20 nm in diameter). The luminal pole of the cell is marked off from the basal or vascular pole by a well-defined terminal web associated with junctional complexes. Protrusion of the luminal pole occurs as a transient phenomenon and is accompanied by a pinching in of the cell at the terminal web. It is proposed that the distinctive features of the luminal pole of the apical cell are comparable to those of recognised chemoreceptor cells. It is also proposed that in view of the common features of apical and basal cells the apical cell functions as a receptor/transducer and the basal cells serve as an accessory source of peptides/5-hydroxytryptamine to be released on stimulation of the apical cell. Furthermore, we have drawn attention to the structural heterogeneity of the neuroepithelial bodies in various vertebrate classes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234760
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Innervation and cytochemistry of the neuroepithelial bodies in the ciliated epithelium of the toad lung (Bufo marinus) (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 195 (1978), S. 395-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Lung, Bufo marinus ; Adrenergic innervation ; Neuroepithelial bodies ; Receptors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neuroepithelial bodies (NEB) were identified in the lung of Bufo marinus. The characteristics of the cells and their innervation were studied with electron and fluorescence microscopy before and after close vagosympathetic denervation. The bodies consist of low columnar cells which rest on the epithelial basal lamina. The majority of the cells do not reach the lumen of the lung (basal cells); the few which do (apical cells) are bordered by microvilli and possess a single cilium. The neuroepithelial cell cytoplasm contains a variety of organelles the most characteristic of which are dense cored vesicles. Microspectrofluorometry and electron microscopic cytochemistry indicate significant quantities of 5-hydroxytryptamine in these cells. The neuroepithelial bodies could be divided into three groups on the basis of their innervation: 1) About 60% of the NEBs are innervated solely by nerve fibres containing agranular vesicles which form reciprocal synapses; 2) about 20% are innervated solely by adrenergic nerve fibres which form distinct synaptic contacts; and 3) the remaining 20% are innervated by both types of nerve fibres. It is proposed that the NEBs are receptors monitoring intrapulmonary PCO 2 and so leading to modulation of activity in afferent nerve fibres (type containing agranular vesicles). The presence of NEBs solely with an adrenergic (efferent) innervation poses a problem with this interpretation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233885
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